How can one country so value private landownership while simultaneously holding approximately one-third of all its territory in the public domain? Such a conundrum guides Randall (I may slip to call him Randy) Wilson’s seminal work on ¬America’s Public Lands. This work is essential to all Americans. Our public lands constitute the legacy of America’s natural, historical, and cultural greatness. As land-owners of extensive swathes of mountains, prairies, coastlines, forests, etc., each American has a vested interest in sustaining our public lands because of the legacy left by those past and for the benefit of those future.
Wilson ably tackles the question as expansive as Yellowstone (and beyond) in a multi-faceted approach. First, he starts with a philosophical and historical foundation to public land thought in the United States. Introducing a dichotomy of public land rationale, warring views on nature-as-commodity (to conserve) vs. having intrinsic value (to preserve) set the stage for how different public land agencies developed and evolved over time. Attempts to reconcile these two seemingly divergent aims find quarter in every chapter of the book. Each major public land agency (National Park Service, Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wilderness System) enjoys its own chapter in the work, written in similar frameworks for easy cross-comparison.
Next, Wilson seamlessly interweaves the actors, institutions, and igniting sparks for each of the major public land agencies. Noting difference in characteristics of founding players, agency proved essential to developing strong institutions with clear (though not identical) guiding philosophies and views on nature. Institutional strength (especially with high levels of political/social capital) aided in some public land agencies gaining a clearer vision for existence and greater abilities to achieve aims.
Wilson, then, details the political, social, and economic realities and limitations faced by public land agencies. Each agency harbored complex and, at times, conflict relationships with the each branch of the national government. All had to delicately balance relationships, uncertain resources, and shifting administration priorities. The role of collaborative conservation, often with local community involvement, plays heavily in the “trenches” where policy meets reality. Public lands often hold bi-partisan support though this support must often be earned from local stakeholders who fear public lands diminish economic capacity compared to areas with unfettered private ownership abilities.
Finally, Wilson offers succinct, yet far reaching concluding considerations for the entire United States public land system. Throughout the work, Wilson pulls case studies from across the country, though the lion-share of public lands lay in the Western United States. In particular, three common concerns must guide the future of our public lands. First, little to no capacity exists for large scale declarations of public land as in the past (i.e. Yellowstone, Grand Escalante, etc.). Large, continuous tracts of land in the public domain, viable as public lands, have largely been converted, leaving land fragmented as private property, state land etc. Second, conservation must extend beyond public lands to incorporate these fragmented lands in an effort to sustain large scale ecosystems, as nature exists in reality. Finally, climate change continues to alter public lands (no glaciers in Glacier National Park by 2030); public land agencies/agents must prepare for these changes and seek to mitigate.
These lands are OUR lands, owned by the people of the United States of America, for the people. We must work “to pass on this unique heritage to the next generation in a healthier, more robust, and diverse condition than we found it.”