I just finished reading Pope Francis' new book, "The Name Of God Is Mercy". It's a written in the form of conversation with the Vatican reporter and writer Andrea Tornielli. It's worth reading whatever one's belief system. At the intellectual level, it gives a sense of which direction one of the largest religious groups in the world is heading, and at the human level, it gives an expression of something unifying.
In the book, the Pope has as relentless focus on mercy and forgiveness and indeed has called this year, the Holy Year of Mercy. Critical to this is his reframing of sin. Rather than seeing it as something to be despised, he sees it as an opportunity for mercy and forgiveness to manifest itself.
In religious terms, he writes about how the original sin meant humanity is forever wounded. This means we can distinguish right from wrong, but we will inevitably falter. The mercy of God is such that he sacrificed his Son, Jesus, to redeem humanity for its sins. And precisely because there is sin, God revealed himself as merciful.
The way to see sin then "is like a jewel that we present to him to obtain the consolation of forgiveness...It is not defeat, but a joyous victory to let God win". In the absence of a sense of sin, the Pope argues that we lack accountability for our actions. Some may even revel in their sins or at least be sceptical they can ever stand back on their own feet. This translates to no longer feeling the need for forgiveness or losing hope in life. Instead, we justify our behaviours and blame others for our faults.
But a consciousness of sins, of our need for forgiveness, is the place where an encounter with mercy can take place. You feel the embrace and are moved. So the most important thing in life is not that we should never fall along the way. the important thing is always to get back up. So sin is not the problem per se, but not recognising the wrong and not asking for help is the issue.
For the Pope, confession is a place where one can encounter the act of forgiveness and mercy. At the same time, the Pope is not afraid to highlight the failings of the Church. He writes about an occasion where a priest asks lurid questions to a young girl in the confession box, another priest refusing to allow the coffin of a new-born entering the church as it wasn't baptised and one priest asking for money to annul the marriage of a women. The Pope, then, reminds priests they are sinners too.
The Pope doesn't define sin explicitly in the book, though one can imagine what they are in the Catholic tradition. When reading the book, the way I thought about sin was to see them as the opposite of mercy. So for example, there are the Seven Corporal Works of Mercy in Catholicism:
1.Feed the hungry.
2.Give drink to the thirsty.
3.Close the naked.
4.Shelter the traveller.
5.Comfort the sick.
6.Visit the imprisoned.
7.Bury the dead.
In that context, sin would be not helping the hungry, those without clean water, the homeless, the refugee, the sick, and the incarcerated. We are not perfect, so there will be times when we pass up such opportunities to help (a sin), but we can recognise our failing in some form (ask for forgiveness), and try again (mercy will be manifested).
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