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336 pages, Paperback
First published June 27, 2016
Gaddis uses the gravitational phenomenon known as a ‘singularity’ to understand the flow of time. Singularities exist within black holes and transform everything that passes through them; a singularity was the initial state of the universe before the Big Bang. Gaddis suggests that the present is a singularity through which the future must pass in order to become the past. On the future side of the singularity, continuities and contingencies are fluid and indeterminate; however, as they pass through it, they fuse and cannot be separated. The present locks these swirling possibilities and shifting relationships into place, and they can’t be unzipped. This compelling image captures the gravitational power of the past and the exhilaration and terror of living. It reminds us that the present, to which we pay so much lip service, snaps into solidity in a moment. The past is our only anchorage and our chief source of meaning.Most chapters focus on the First Nations–settler historical nexus and how Australian historiography has been both oppressive (the Great Australian Silence) and emancipating (revisionist histories produced during the History Wars). Many also examine the relationship between environmental history and the land in southeastern Australia. Though illuminating, the book would have been stronger if Griffiths had diversified the socio-geographic subjects of Australian identity. However, this critique is more than offset by Griffiths’s perceptive analysis of the authors he does include.
The good historian, like the top tennis player, plays the edges and hits down the line. History’s commitment to evidence that can be revisited, to a journey of discovery that can be retraced and challenged... Historians always have at least two stories to tell: what we think happened, and how we know what we think happened. So the ‘non’ in our ‘non-fiction’ signifies an edge that can sharpen our prose… [while] acknowledg[ing] that there are things we don’t and can’t know. Silence, uncertainty and inconclusiveness become central to the narrative.The novelists’ impact on Australian identity is debatable, but that of the academics is indubitable. Griffiths explicates this with a chapter on Geoffrey Blainey. Griffiths initially praises Blainey as “one of the pioneers of a la longue durée in the Australian setting. He embraced this interest in long-term, little noticed economic and social cycles, and delineated geographical patterns and changes in material life that reached beyond a generation.” However, for the remainder of the chapter, Griffiths critiques Blainey’s central role in the History Wars that raged during the 1990s and 2000s.
Libraries and museums link people and things to the world of storytelling and scholarship… Historical records are constantly lost and destroyed without purpose or import... And therefore the gaps and silences in the public record can be equally revealing. A fascinating graph might be sketched of the cycles of preservation and destruction and their relationship to the fashions and politics of scholarship.Yet how the archive is analysed emerges in chapters covering John Mulvaney. Griffiths notes that there had long been a “hope of the humanities to become scientific, and to be objective and predictive about human cultural and social change,” [but that this hope] faltered from the beginning of the twentieth century, although the quest goes on in some social sciences today. Throughout the book, however, Griffiths emphasises that “subjectivity, reflexivity, context and contingency” are “scholarly virtues” and that pure objectivity may not be possible in history.
History is essential to meaning and identity and it is a powerful disciplinary tool in the search for truth. But its greatest virtue is uncompromising complexity…. No matter how practised we are, it always humbles us. No matter how often we visit the past, it always surprises us. The art of time travel is to maintain critical poise in this dizzy space. There is a further hazard: we never return to exactly the same present from which we left, for time cycles on remorselessly even when we seek to defy it. And in the course of our quest we find that we, too, have changed.