As in-depth of a crack at the national question as you'll ever read from the Marxist perspective. I don't agree with Bauer on every point, but he approachsd the topic with nuance and puts in the work to present a very compelling look at the national question.
Wow. What an incredible read by an author who shouldn’t be as unknown as he is. For the past year I’ve been working through with the podcast The Regrettable Century and being able to slowly work through this text has really allowed it to become timeless.
The questions Bauer asks about the multinational state, especially one that is simultaneously a crumbling empire, is incredibly prescient today in the context of not just the United States but also the EU and to a lesser extent: China, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation. His analysis of the process of national creation is miles more useful and rigorous than anything gracing the pages of most academic journals today, many who have simply fallen back on reactionary and racist biological-essentialist understandings of nation and language.
The true tragedy of this book is that it wasn’t taken seriously enough at the time to establish a thorough critique which both highlighted its shortcomings (particularly his blind spots when it comes to imperialism) while building on what he was right about.