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The genealogy of the Cleveland and Cleaveland families V1. An attempt to trace, in both the male and female lines, the posterity of Moses Cleveland ... [and] of Alexander Cleveland ... with numerous
THE ANCIENT FAMILY SEAT CLEVELAND, NORTH RIDING, COUNTY YORK, ENGLAND. THE ANTIQUITY, DERIVATION, ETYMOLOGY, AND ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE SURNAME CLEVELAND. THORKILi DE CLEVELAND, OF CLEVELAND 1066, THE EARLIEST CLEVELAND OF RECORD. DIFFERENT CLEVELAND ARMS. THE NAME A TITLE IN PEERAGE. PLACES AND LOCALITIES NAMED CLEVELAND.
In the year B. C. 55 Julius Caesar and the Roman army first landed in Britain, then inhabited -by the aborigines. These ancient Britons were wild barbarians, did not cultivate husbandry, but lived upon the flesh of their flocks, and clothed themselves with the skins of wild beasts slain in the chase. Like other savages they painted or stained their bodies. They were armed with swords made of copper and tin, daggers, javelins, darts, spears, and shields, and drove war chariots. They were divided into 30 or 40 tribes, constantl)^ at war with one another.
The Brigantes, whom the Romans found in Britain, were originally Celtae, and Eburacum — York — was a Celtic town of the Brigantes before British Brigantia became a part of the Roman province. The language of the ancient inhabitants of Britain was Celtic or Gaelic, nearly similar to the present Welch, Irish, and Highland Scotch. Whether Brigantes was their original name seems uncertain, and it is not improbable that the name was given them by the Romans because of the mountainous tract they inhabited. The Brigantes had a queen of their own, Cartismandua, of great power and noble birth. In Hadrian's time the Brigantes revolted from the Romans. The province of Brigantia, the extensive country inhabited by the Brigantes, has a ridge of mountains parting the counties. Under them, to the German ocean, lie York co. and the bishopric of Durham, and, to the west, Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland, all which counties, in the infancy of the Saxon government, were comprehended in the kingdom of Deira.
The vSaxons called these cuunties the kingdom of Xorthum-berkind, dividing it into two parts, calling that Deira or Deir Land, paiein, which lies on this side Tine, and Bernicia, from Tine to the Frith of Edenborough, both which parts had, for some time, kings of their own. Claudius Ptolemy, in his Second Book of the Great Construction, calls the city Eboracum, or Eburacum, Brigantium, the capital of the Brigantes, which had its name from king Ebrauc, its founder.
The conquest of Britain was completed by the year A. D. 72, during the reign of Vespasian, by the Roman governor Julius Agricola, who penetrated north of the river Tay. By an enlightened policy, Agricola taught the Britons the arts, introduced laws and government among them, and induced them to lay aside their barbarous customs.
The name Caluvium was given to the district (now Cleveland, Yorkshire, Eng.,) either by Agricola or the Romans at some time between this period and the final departure of the Romans from Britain, A. D. 421, in the reign of Honorius. The name Caluvium, by the time of the Norman Conquest, 1066, had become Cliveland (or the Caluvian Lands, thus becoming descriptive), but, evidently contemporaneously with the changes in the surname, it gradually became Cleveland, which name it has always since borne.
The following extract, as illustrative of the etymology of the name, gives the opinion that the primary and leading idea of the name is clay, as descriptive of the soil of
Glossarium Antigtiitatum Britannicaruw, sive Syllabus Etynwlog-icus Autiquitatum Veteris Britannicc atque Ibernice, Temporibus Romanorum. Auctore Willielmo Baxter, Cornavio, Scholcc Alerciari-orum Prcefecto. MDCCXXXIII. p. 61 —
Caluvium : Ita reponendum duxi in Anonymo, cum in Libro geminato errore legeretur, fexto etiam casu Calunio & Gallunio de eo quod procvil omni dubio in Graeco fuerat Exemplari KaXoaio*'. Nam & in Vaticano MS. Caluvio eft atque Galluvio. Hoc vel nomen dedifle videtur Dynaftiai cuidam hodie di6lae CleVClaut), five Terrce Caluviano', quae in ilia parte Deirorum eft, qua; ..
In the year B. C. 55 Julius Caesar and the Roman army first landed in Britain, then inhabited -by the aborigines. These ancient Britons were wild barbarians, did not cultivate husbandry, but lived upon the flesh of their flocks, and clothed themselves with the skins of wild beasts slain in the chase. Like other savages they painted or stained their bodies. They were armed with swords made of copper and tin, daggers, javelins, darts, spears, and shields, and drove war chariots. They were divided into 30 or 40 tribes, constantl)^ at war with one another.
The Brigantes, whom the Romans found in Britain, were originally Celtae, and Eburacum — York — was a Celtic town of the Brigantes before British Brigantia became a part of the Roman province. The language of the ancient inhabitants of Britain was Celtic or Gaelic, nearly similar to the present Welch, Irish, and Highland Scotch. Whether Brigantes was their original name seems uncertain, and it is not improbable that the name was given them by the Romans because of the mountainous tract they inhabited. The Brigantes had a queen of their own, Cartismandua, of great power and noble birth. In Hadrian's time the Brigantes revolted from the Romans. The province of Brigantia, the extensive country inhabited by the Brigantes, has a ridge of mountains parting the counties. Under them, to the German ocean, lie York co. and the bishopric of Durham, and, to the west, Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland, all which counties, in the infancy of the Saxon government, were comprehended in the kingdom of Deira.
The vSaxons called these cuunties the kingdom of Xorthum-berkind, dividing it into two parts, calling that Deira or Deir Land, paiein, which lies on this side Tine, and Bernicia, from Tine to the Frith of Edenborough, both which parts had, for some time, kings of their own. Claudius Ptolemy, in his Second Book of the Great Construction, calls the city Eboracum, or Eburacum, Brigantium, the capital of the Brigantes, which had its name from king Ebrauc, its founder.
The conquest of Britain was completed by the year A. D. 72, during the reign of Vespasian, by the Roman governor Julius Agricola, who penetrated north of the river Tay. By an enlightened policy, Agricola taught the Britons the arts, introduced laws and government among them, and induced them to lay aside their barbarous customs.
The name Caluvium was given to the district (now Cleveland, Yorkshire, Eng.,) either by Agricola or the Romans at some time between this period and the final departure of the Romans from Britain, A. D. 421, in the reign of Honorius. The name Caluvium, by the time of the Norman Conquest, 1066, had become Cliveland (or the Caluvian Lands, thus becoming descriptive), but, evidently contemporaneously with the changes in the surname, it gradually became Cleveland, which name it has always since borne.
The following extract, as illustrative of the etymology of the name, gives the opinion that the primary and leading idea of the name is clay, as descriptive of the soil of
Glossarium Antigtiitatum Britannicaruw, sive Syllabus Etynwlog-icus Autiquitatum Veteris Britannicc atque Ibernice, Temporibus Romanorum. Auctore Willielmo Baxter, Cornavio, Scholcc Alerciari-orum Prcefecto. MDCCXXXIII. p. 61 —
Caluvium : Ita reponendum duxi in Anonymo, cum in Libro geminato errore legeretur, fexto etiam casu Calunio & Gallunio de eo quod procvil omni dubio in Graeco fuerat Exemplari KaXoaio*'. Nam & in Vaticano MS. Caluvio eft atque Galluvio. Hoc vel nomen dedifle videtur Dynaftiai cuidam hodie di6lae CleVClaut), five Terrce Caluviano', quae in ilia parte Deirorum eft, qua; ..
2177 pages, Kindle Edition
Published March 29, 2012
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