“When Men Batter Women: New Insights into Ending Abusive Relationships” has a lot to offer. It starts off with a direct look at abusive relationships and the legal system that fails battered women, and towards the end become a self-help book for women who want out of those relationships.
They divide physically abusive men into Pit Bulls and Cobras. Both types of men come from violent families and abuse alcohol, heroin, or cocaine at such high rates those drugs could be considered excellent warning signs. Pit Bulls are emotionally insecure, needy, jealous, more likely to feel remorse but also more likely to stalk a woman who leaves him. When violent, their heart rate increases with excitement. Cobras are jealous of their independence, are able to induce emotional dependence in the woman (or chose women who are likely candidates), are harder to leave but less likely to stalk a woman if she does, and their heart rate goes down when engaged in violence. Physical abuse is always accompanied with emotional abuse, but not the other way around.
They have two tests women can take to help them decide if they are being abused: by isolation and by degradation, which are pretty self-explanatory terms. Out of curiosity, I took the test while thinking back to my ex-wife. My memories of her are fifteen years out of date, but such as it is, she scored as abusive by isolation but not by degradation. I have vivid memories of her trying to control me by undercutting my relationships with friends and family. I really doubt any woman could score high as an abuser by degradation since many of the questions assume greater physical and economic resources.
I wish I could ask the authors about their ratings system for the answers: 1 for never (carries out that abusive act), 2 for rarely, 4 for occasionally, and 5 for often. Why not 0 for never? Why the jump between 2 and 4?
Jacobson and Gottman’s choice of words is deliberate and for me philosophically troubling. According to their research, the best way to convince men who beat women to stop is to toss them in jail so they will realize that there are consequences to their actions. Therapy apparently doesn’t work because they learn how to tell therapists what they want to hear. These men are very good at talking themselves out of trouble with cops, lawyers, and psychologists. So the authors want these men treated as criminals rather than as patients.
Which is fine by me so far as that goes. However, it means while they show that abusive men were once abused kids, they always avoid stating causation. They don’t want to say, he abused because he was abused. The authors strongly assert the choices and free will of the abusers because, as I wrote above, they want these men treated as criminals rather than as patients. But the primary reason I could forgive my ex-wife was my assumption of causation; her parents mistreated her and she continued the cycle. I find free will a psychologically and philosophically dubious proposition, necessary to believe in to justify Heaven and Hell but not very useful otherwise. But if the only way to behaviorally condition a man to stop hitting women is to toss him in jail, I’m okay with that. The authors point out that one excuse the justice system has used to not put them in prison is that prisons are already overcrowded; the answer is to let out non-violent offenders and put in more of the violent ones. If you want to use therapy to stop marital violence, you’ll have to catch these men as kids and get them out of abusive homes before they are conditioned to be violent themselves.