Düşüncenin Kökeni - Beynimiz Nasıl Çalışır?

by Andrew Koob, Nilgün Güngör (Translator)

Glianın Sırrı Çözülüyor: Beynimizin Çalışmasına, Yaralanmaların İyileştirilmesine ve Beyin Hastalıklarının Tedavisine Yardım Eden Beyin Hücresi

Beyin hücrelerinizin yüzde doksanı glia hücreleridir, ama yakın zamana dek bilim insanları bu hücrelerin beynimizi bir arada tutmanın ötesinde pek bir şeye yaramadığını düşünüyorlardı. Yeni araştırmalar glia hücrelerinin zekanın kavranması, psikiyatrik bozukluk ve beyin yaralanmalarının iyileştirilmesi, hatta Alzheimer, Parkinson ve Lou Gehrig hastalıklarının tedavisinde kilit rol oynayabileceğini gösteriyor. Beyin bilimci Andrew Koob, Düşüncenin Kökeni'nde bu dikkate değer hücreler hakkında öğrendiklerimizi ortaya koyarak insan beynine ilişkin kavrayışımızı dönüştüren şaşırtıcı bir bilimsel öykü anlatıyor.

Glia hücrelerinin beyninizin büyümesini nasıl sağladığını ve nasıl olup da bilim insanlarının şimdiye dek düşündüğünden çok daha büyük uyum yeteneğinin olduğunu... eşsiz dalgamsı iletişimlerinin insanın bilgi süreçlemesinde ne denli kritik bir rol oynayabileceğini... glia hücreleriyle beyin tümörleri arasındaki sıkı bağlantıların tedavi sürecini nasıl etkileyebileceğini… ve hatta glia hücrelerinin görünen rolünün her düşüncenizi ve rüyanızı nasıl etkilediğini... keşfedin!


Meyve sineklerinden Einstein'a
Glia hücreleriyle zeka arasındaki şaşırtıcı bağlantı

Beyninizdeki kök hücrelerin gücü
Glia hücreleri beyin esnekliğini, büyümesini ve sağlığını nasıl geliştirir

Düşler ve hayalgücü
Kaynakları ve gerçekte nasıl işlediklerine dair güçlü yorumlar

Gliyomanın sırları
Beyin kanserine ilişkin yeni ipuçları ve çözüm umutları

Genres: Nonfiction, Science, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medical, Health, Ebooks

192 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2009

Reviews

[Mehmet]

Kitap aslında Türkçe'ye çevirildiği gibi; "Düşüncenin Kökeni" hakkında diyemeyiz. Orijinal isminde olduğu üzere: "Unlocking Glia- the Brain Cell That Will Help Us Sharpen Our Wits, Heal Injury, and Treat Brain Disease" yani beyindeki Glia hücreleri hakkında aslında.

Kitabı satın alacaklar, okumak isteyecekler bunu göz önünde bulundurarak okumalı. Yarattığı izlenimin aksine, popüler bilim kitabı demek de zor. Bunun yerine kitabı en iyi tanımlayacak şey; "Nöron merkezli Nöroloji (isminden de anlaşılacağı üzere) artık eskimiştir ve beynimizin sadece %10 unu kullanıyoruz gibi şeylerin modası geçmiştir" diyebiliriz. Kitapta uzun zaman nörolojinin yalnızca nörona odaklandığını bu nedenle beyin hastalıklarını, hasarlarını anlamamız da gecikmiştir teması üzerine durulmuş.

Bu bağlamda, okunması şart değil ancak öğretici ve faydalı.

[Bradley · Rating 2 out of 5]

I recently read The Root of Thought by Andrew Koob , expecting to get better insight on the role of glial cells in the brain, billed as potentially more than just critical to housekeeping in the brain, of which they comprise 90%. Unfortunately, although the author seems to be a somewhat well-credentialed young investigator of neuroscience, he doesn’t make a compelling case that glia, in particular, astrocytes, as the root of thought. Although he made some interesting claims, such as about the potential importance of calcium waves in the brain, and the anecdotal example of the increased concentration of astrocytes in Einstein’s brain in his right parietal and frontal lobes (where presumably quantitative reasoning may be concentrated), his bold pronouncement that glial cells are the real genesis of our thoughts, is unsupported and without any hint of any hypothetical mechanism. We know that nonlinear circuit models of neurons consistent with many in situ observations can be assembled in very effective and sophisticated networks to do all sorts of complex adaptive tasks, but I don’t know of any equivalent development and demonstration of a theoretical model of astrocytes. That’s not to say that glial cells don’t have an undiscovered function other than housekeeping, where they have been relegated for almost a century, or that they don’t have a potentially integral, albeit complex and synergistic role in conjunction with neurons, but Koob has not established his case.

[Burcu Bölükbaş · Rating 1 out of 5]

Bir sinirbilim öğrencisi olarak, glia hücrelerine odaklanan bir kitabı okumak beni çokça heyecanlandırmıştı ancak hayatımda ilk kez bir popüler bilim kitabını ite kaka zorla bitirebildim. Yazar farklı teorileri ve bulguları, derinliklerine inerek tartışmak yerine bunları "Gliacılar vs. Nöroncular" seviyesinde sanki bir lise kavgasının düşman taraflarıymış gibi anlatmayı seçiyor. Bunu yaparken de o çok eleştirdiği Nöron Doktrincilerinden de ileri giderek nöronlar ile açıklanamamış her fenomeni astrositlerle (bir tür glia hücresi) açıklamaya çalışıyor. 'Açıklamaya çalışıyor' diyorum çünkü çoğu zaman elinde bir veri olmaksızın olasıklarla konuşuyor. Bir bilim insanının başına gelebilecek en kötü şey, bilimsel öngörülerine bu denli körü körüne bağlanmak olsa gerek. Benim için tam bir hayal kırıklığı. (Ayrıca kitapta o kadar çok düşük cümle vardı ki inanamadım. Kimse mi kontrol etmez bu kitapları, çok ilginç.)

[Mustapha Qamishlo · Rating 3 out of 5]

In any case research should be done more about glial cells, the neuron doctrine (cajal) may be wrong , may be the neuron-glial doctrine (glogi ) wrong too , days will show that .

[Funda Guzer · Rating 3 out of 5]

Metinde mi problem var çeviride anlamadım ama derinliğini yakalayamadım kitabın. Muhtelif makalelerin toplanmasından dolayı olabilir. Kitabın baskısı kalmamış an itibarı ile . 2024 Temmuz .

[Fatima]

very poorly edited. it's a collection of notes put together to make a book.

[Gokce Zora · Rating 4 out of 5]

Good starter for neuroscience, like mini pita or spicy mash. It begins from the cells (neurons, glial cells) to explanations of neurological diseases. I wouldn't think that a neuroscience book give satisfaction both college-level and public people
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Aynı fındık pide ya da acılı ezme gibi, sinirbilime iyi bir başlangıç. Sinir hücrelerinden (nöron ve glialar) başlayıp nörolojik hastalıkların açıklamasına kadar çok güzel anlatıyor. Bir sinirbilim kitabının hem üniversite seviyesi hem de genel insanı bu kadar tatmin edeceğini düşünmezdim.

[J.D. Steens · Rating 4 out of 5]

Koob challenges a century of what he calls the "Neuron Religion," which excludes 90% of brain matter, the glia cells, that are tossed aside as filler, brain matter. Koob states that neurons take in sensory input related to energy gathering and procreation and express motor output that is directed toward these objectives. Without glia cells, sensory input and motor output is reflexive in the stimulus-response mode and function "without the inhibition of thinking." Inbetween input and output lies a black box, the glia cells and the astrocytes specifically, that mediate input and output with information storage and processing. He argues that these cells, not neurons, are the root of thought ("the pondering cell").

As part of information processing, Koob believes that astrocytes are primary and neurons are secondary in the sense that astrocytes communicate and direct the neurons. Communication among glia cells and between glia cells and neurons occurs, he says, through "calcium waves." Unlike neurons, these cells can regenerate with use througout life (this capacity for regeneration is why 60-70% of brain tumors he says are of astrocyte origin). The percentage of glia cells grows as one "moves up" the evolutinary ladder. With 90% of brain matter in humans (80% for chimps; 20% for the fruit fly), this is the (relatively) distinctive function of the human brain.

Koob notes that neurons "have their roots in the evolutionary reflex to procreate and get food." The use of "reflex" is misleading as it suggests that life reacts to the world. It does of course, but it reacts because it needs to act to find energy and to procreate. Life, in other words, is first and foremost an outgoing, acting force; reacting is where adjusting to environmental stimuli and learning and reasoning come into the picture. Koob's reference to the glia cells as the blackbox of the brain is a richer problem than he lets on as he does not touch upon how the physiological processes involved with energy seeking, procreation and relevant environmental stimuli are transformed into mental representations that allow for learning, mental manipulation, and self-regulation.

Considering the technical nature of the subject, Koob is clear, humorous and void of vitriolic comments despite his obvious problem with the "Neuron Doctrine." Whether he's onto something, we have to leave that to the medical and scientific professionals. Given the emphasis on neuromedicine and neuroscience, that may continue to be a challenge.

[Ali · Rating 3 out of 5]

Last week I felt like reading something about popular science, so I went down to the library and randomly picked up this book. Maybe because I know almost nothing about brain science, I thought this book was hilarious. It is basically an angry rant about how unfair it is that all these years neurons have received all the attention in brain research, while the other cells that make up our brains, glia, have been wrongly ignored by scientists.

This subversive theory essentially proposes that, even though we know that 10% of our brain cells are neurons, and the other 90% are glia, scientists have, until now, considered neurons to be the ‘main’ cells, the ones that did all the work, all the thinking, remembering, telling the body to function etc, while glia cells served simply as a kind of insulator or padding for neurons' electrical impulses (or something like that anyway…). However, according to Andrew Koob, recent research suggests it might be possible that glial cells are actually the ones that do all the work, while neurons are simply the “highways” that connect them. It is funny because the author takes such a personal and angry tone while explaining his theory that it would seem he is defending some oppressed community that has been ruthlessly abused and repressed for years by evil forces. In his defence of poor glia, he relentlessly insults and makes fun of those neuroscientists he thinks responsible for the neglect in the study of glia cells - Ramon y Cajal mainly, who he considers to have been some kind of arrogant, amoral scientist, "manipulative" and capable of "despicable acts".

In general, the book is not that well written, it gets confusing and vague at points, but I give it three stars because the author is so passionate about his subject I feel like I have been converted to his cause. Down with the idolatry of the neuron!!

[Tanya · Rating 3 out of 5]

Humor injected throughout made this more enjoyable while covering the topic of the neglected glial cells. The brain research history in the beginning was a bit of a slog. I was more interested in the research related to psychiatric disorders, degenerative brain disease, traumatic brain injury and brain cancer. As glial cells may explain intelligence, creativity. Imagination and dreams, I hope there will be more research funding in this area instead of primarily focusing on the neurons. This book is for those who care about a scientific basis, but are willing to tolerate a dearth of information and a plea for more research in this area, along with a paradigm shift.

[Echo · Rating 5 out of 5]

The title is a bit misleading, the focus here is glia; how it works and what we know, but if you are interested in neuroscience and biology at a fundamental level it will deliver. The speculation is bold and the truth will likely end up being closer to the midpoint between the neuronal doctrine he tries to fight and the gliacentric view he pushes. There's enough research and findings to point research in an exciting direction tho, and if this holds up more prominent names should mention glia and astrocyte signalling as an important piece of the puzzle, not just connectomes and bridging the computational level to our theoretical understanding.

[Elaine · Rating 3 out of 5]

This was an interesting read, a lot of good, basic history of neuroscience, but the similes killed me! There were so many ridiculous similes that it would take me a few paragraphs to recover from each one. Also, I love glia more than most people, but he was definitely reaching....in fact, at one point he actually called neurons the glue! The message did sink in, though. Today, I was reading about jet-lagged hamsters and their lack of hippocampal neurons. My first thought, "Did anyone count glia????"

[Jack · Rating 3 out of 5]

Kind of interesting - downloaded it because I'm interested in brains, having had a little problem with my own. Tone a bit too populist for my taste, but it did make me think about the role of the astrocyte.

[Wei-Tang · Rating 2 out of 5]

Somewhat informative. Too many "it could be that," "it's possible that," etc. In other words, the information presented reads like speculation.

[Eve Mitts]

my first digital book

[Jaewoo]

??

[Kerem Cankocak · Rating 5 out of 5]

Beynimiz nasıl düşünce üretir? Klasik yanıt nöronların iletişimi yoluyla olduğudur. Ancak son araştırmalar glia hücrelerinin rolünün sanıldığından çok daha fazla olduğunu göstermekte...

[Terrie · Rating 3 out of 5]

Good history and informative