PLOT | Don't let the economical cover design and link-bait sounding title fool you, 400 Things Cops Know is requisite reading for a better understanding of law enforcement, as well as for learning about problems endemic to urban American life. The book is written by Adam Plantinga, an active Sergeant in San Francisco, who boasts fifteen years experience shared between two different urban departments. He breaks policing down into its loosely-defined components, and then writes a number of aphorisms and anecdotes specific to each part of these law enforcement components. Examples include: officer-involved shootings and use of force, vehicle and foot chases, working with juveniles, dealing with dead bodies, and making arrests.
The book is titled numerically because Plantinga includes four hundred paragraph-length, and sometimes page-length, pieces of wisdom about his profession. His writing is a very entertaining mix of stories from the job, insider information about officer best-practices, and insight into some of the problems with society that involve police. On this last point, despite being a part of law enforcement and having cause to be bitter about one-dimensional media representations and bitter towards citizens who are not always thankful for police service, Plantinga is very sensitive and even-handed. He is honest in his assessment of the mistakes made by individual officers and their departments, and equally honest in his indictment of those who choose to commit crime.
ANALYSIS | Officers refer to their profession as "front row seats to the greatest show on earth," and it's these same stories that frequently fascinate people, regardless of if they do or do not like law enforcement. Needless to say, I was pleasantly surprised when the two things I liked most about 400 Things Cops Know were NOT the gritty stories. Plantinga's prose is so on point, his ethical compass so due north, his writing so funny (without being mean-spirited), that he comes off like Richard Russo in Straight Man, or like a non self-deprecating Tim Kreider circa We Learn Nothing. His writing has a literary quality, evidenced by strong and creative similes (ex: "Considering who to arrest is a lot like fishing. You gotta throw some back."), a clear authorial voice, and pockets of descriptive beauty (ex: When describing walking through a naturally deceased persons home, he describes household items as "The things that people gather to show that this is who they are and this is what they did.").
Lantinga, pairing his masterful writing with political tact, is not afraid to address problems that must be dealt with, problems that belong to officers and citizens alike. He doesn't bring up specific controversies, the Michael Browns of days past; rather, he discusses poverty, recidivism, misguided youth, boredom, drugs, mental illness, and all of the other problems tomorrows criminals must suffer. Plantinga doesn't pretend to be the solution, or even have an idea of what a solution would look like, for most of these problems. When discussing serious mental illness, he sort of shrugs, saying, "All I can really come up with is that it's nice not to be them". The only time he really buries his spade is in discussion of personal responsibility, and even then, he makes it clear that an officer is not the exception, but the rule, in this matter.
QUOTES | The following are some of my favorite quotes from the book, and I've included them to help give you sense of Plantinga's skill as a writer (I've tried to give a context for each quote, but I probably failed):
* On leaving a HAZMAT [hazardous materials] situation up to the Fire Department: "It wouldn’t kill the firefighters to take an occasional break from surfing Match.com at the station house or primping for next year’s calendar to get out there and work for a living." (Section 3, #17)
* An empathetic section on having to arrest a Juvenile: "You snap back to reality as you book the thirteen-year-old auto thief. Food is stuck in his hair and he smells bad. He lives with his grandma because he doesn’t know his father and his mother is in prison for the next decade. When you’re filling out your arrest paperwork and ask him how to spell his middle name, he takes a stab at it before admitting he’s not sure. You stare at him, trying to penetrate his thoughts, to mentally peel open his brain to see what’s going on in there. To see if he’s going to make it. And you don’t know. What you do know is that, for better or worse, he’s the future." (Section 5, #17)
* On a police officer's attitude about death, after having done numerous death investigations: "As a police officer, you are put in situations where you can do right by a person simply by showing common decency. You are in just as many situations where you can do them a grievous wrong by its absence."* AND *"It comes down to this - you're sorry that person is dead. You're glad you're still going." (Section 13, #6 and #14 respectively)
* On officer integrity, and being truthful in case reports: "But you can’t quite get on board with that approach. Because you know that if you step over the line to make a case stick, next time the line will get pushed back further still. And soon enough, you will be one of those people who wonder how it all came to this. You’ve seen it happen to other cops you used to respect. Cops who made a series of terrible choices, each one worse than the next, until they watched hell open up beneath their feet. Sure, you can lose a case because you put in your report that you didn’t see the suspect drop the drugs or the gun. But honesty will last longer than that case. Honesty will mean more. Your word has to be good. You have to stand for something. So you leave the lying to the criminals. They’re better at it than you anyways." (Section 19, #29)
CONCLUSION | Police officers, deservedly and not, are at the center of many of our most pressing political debates: gun control, acceptable ranges of use of force, dealing with the mentally ill, localized poverty, profiling, and so forth. Just once though, it may be worth looking at the occupation from the point of view of an officer, one of civilization's sanitation engineers who "has always wanted a job that other people didn't want, or couldn't do, or were too scared to do well". If people were to better understand the things required of an officer, maybe we would be more forgiving of decisions made in situations where there are no right answers, just available (and inevitably disheartening) solutions.
TL;DR | If you want a well-written, funny, and uplifting book about the realities of being an effective police officer in an urban setting, look no further. Sergeant Plantinga will deliver that and more, and you'll have a deeper appreciation for social problems that are without cause or solution by the end.