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Bedni ljudje (Poor Folk) Dvojnik (The Double) Netočka Nezvanova

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Excerpt from Arme Leute, Und, der Doppelgänger

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445 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1846

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About the author

Fyodor Dostoevsky

3,258 books72.8k followers
Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский (Russian)

Works, such as the novels Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), of Russian writer Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky or Dostoevski combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight.

Very influential writings of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin included Problems of Dostoyevsky's Works (1929),

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky composed short stories, essays, and journals. His literature explores humans in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century and engages with a variety of philosophies and themes. People most acclaimed his Demons(1872) .

Many literary critics rate him among the greatest authors of world literature and consider multiple books written by him to be highly influential masterpieces. They consider his Notes from Underground of the first existentialist literature. He is also well regarded as a philosopher and theologian.

(Russian: Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский) (see also Fiodor Dostoïevski)

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Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews
Profile Image for Alexandra Osipenco.
454 reviews3 followers
September 1, 2022
„Dublul. Oameni sărmani” de F. M. Dostoievski

Dublul - 3/5 ⭐

Goliadkin este un funcționar îngâmfat care se consideră superior tuturor, crezând că este unica persoană onestă, iar restul sunt niște fățarnici. Însă echilibrul său se zdruncină atunci cînd apare un alt Goliadkin exact așa ca dânsul care, culmea, se angajează la același serviciu. Goliadkin „senior” este bântuit de mania persecuției și cu cât Goliadkin „junior” este mai bun și mai apreciat de către cei din jur, cu atât celălalt devine mai înfumurat, gata să își demaște sosia geamănă.
Cine este, de fapt, sosia?
Interesantă istorioară, despre scindarea personalității, descrisă într-atât de bine, încât începi să ănțelegi percepțiile bolnavilor de schizofrenie.

Oamwni sărmani - 3,5/5 ⭐

Publicat în 1846, romanul de debut al lui Dostoievski, acesta tratează problema oamenilor cu venituri mizere din Petersburgul acelor ani. E o istorie în format epistolar al oamenilor considerați inferiori de către societate, dar care respiră, trăiesc, iubesc, au sentimente, studiază. Prin intermediul scrisorilor dintre Makar Devușkin - un funcționar bătrân care trăiește în bucătăria gazdei transformată în odăiță și Varvara Alexeevna - o tânără bolnavă de tuberculoză care adună capăt cu capăt să mai facă ceva pe ici-colo pentru a supraviețui.
Este o incursiune în viața oamenilor sărmani, dar cu suflet mare care fac sacrificii pentru binele celorlalți, se bucură, trăiesc, cred în Dumnezeu.

„Bun lucru e literatura, Varenka, foarte bun; asta am aflat-o de la ei acum trei zile. Un lucru profund. Întărește inimile oamenilor, te învață – și câte lucruri diferite nu se scriu despre asta prin cărți. Și e foarte bine scris. Literatura e un tablou, adică, într-un fel, e un tablou și o oglindă; o expresie a pasiunii, o critică subtilă, o morală și un document.”

Ambele sunt frumoase, însă le lipsește complexitatea cu care Dostoievski ne alintă mai târziu, în romanele sale.

Recomand!
Profile Image for Ioana.
1,314 reviews
June 16, 2019
O carte bună, dar care are nevoie de timp și liniște
Profile Image for Valerio De Sio.
6 reviews
December 22, 2024
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s debut novel, Poor Folks, is a masterful exploration of human suffering, poverty, and the intricate web of emotions that connect individuals. Written as a series of letters between Makar Devushkin, an aging copyist, and Varvara Dobroselova, a young woman living in poverty, the novel blends a deeply personal narrative with sharp social critique. While not yet exhibiting the full complexity of Dostoevsky’s later works, Poor Folks reveals the seeds of his genius and his unparalleled ability to dissect the human psyche.

One of the defining features of the novel is its repetitive structure, which reinforces the themes of poverty and the cyclical nature of suffering. Through Makar’s constant references to his old age and his struggles, Dostoevsky paints a vivid picture of a man trapped by his circumstances. This repetition is mirrored in the chain structure of the letters, where each new letter often picks up directly from the concerns or emotions of the previous one. This stylistic choice creates a rhythm that underscores the characters’ dependency on one another, as well as the monotony of their daily struggles.

At the heart of the novel lies Dostoevsky’s early interest in exploring not just the protagonists but also the people surrounding them. Through Varvara’s letters, we gain glimpses of her environment, her relationships, and her insights into those she encounters. Her request—“Write to me, without fail, and with every possible detail about your life; what people are in your surroundings and if you live in harmony with them; I want to know absolutely everything”—reflects a theme that permeates Dostoevsky’s later works: the interplay between individuals and their communities.

Dostoevsky also demonstrates a remarkable ability to delve into complex emotional states. Shame, for instance, is never just shame; it is interwoven with pride, fear, and desperation. Makar’s lament about his lack of “style” in his letters encapsulates this: his self-consciousness about his inability to express himself mirrors his broader struggle to rise above his social condition. Similarly, the melancholy of memory, a recurring theme, emerges as the characters reflect on the past not as a source of comfort but as a painful reminder of better days lost to time.

The novel’s treatment of poverty is both poignant and incisive. Through the Gorskov family, Dostoevsky captures the crushing weight of destitution: they are subdued in both their appearance and actions, overwhelmed by their condition. Poverty is not merely a lack of material wealth but a profound social stigma. Dostoevsky likens it to virginity, suggesting that just as a virgin does not want to disrobe before others, the poor are deeply ashamed of revealing their misery. This comparison underscores the vulnerability and humiliation associated with poverty. Furthermore, Dostoevsky illustrates how poverty intrudes upon the world of the privileged: “The groans of the hungry disturb the sleep of the rich.” This discomfort highlights the societal divide and the unwillingness of the affluent to confront the suffering around them.

The novel’s characters are defined by their actions and relationships rather than static descriptions, a technique that Dostoevsky would refine in his later works. For instance, the heartbreaking scene of Pokrovsky’s father feverishly gathering his son’s books from the mud is a vivid portrayal of grief, love, and despair—an early glimpse of Dostoevsky’s narrative brilliance. Such moments transform seemingly ordinary figures into deeply human characters whose emotions resonate long after the story ends.

Despite its many strengths, Poor Folks occasionally falters in its pacing and can feel overly sentimental at times. The epistolary format, while effective in creating intimacy, sometimes limits the narrative’s scope and dynamism. Nonetheless, these minor flaws do little to diminish the novel’s overall impact.

In Poor Folks, Dostoevsky lays the foundation for themes that would define his later masterpieces: the interplay of poverty and pride, the intricacies of human emotion, and the moral questions that arise from suffering. While it lacks the philosophical depth of Crime and Punishment or the sweeping scope of The Brothers Karamazov, this debut novel is a compelling and heartfelt exploration of the human condition. It is a testament to Dostoevsky’s early talent and a poignant reminder of the resilience and dignity of those who endure hardship.
Profile Image for Lorena.
48 reviews1 follower
May 26, 2025
M-a interesat mai mult "Dublul", pentru a-l putea analiza comparativ cu "Omul duplicat", a lui Saramago. Ideea identității duble, a identității false mi se pare mai bine nuanțată la Saramago; aici fiind vorba, mai mult, de o altă latură a conștiinței, a personalității personajului. Totuși, stilul dostoievskian impresionează în continuare, ghidând spre o lectură mai mult descriptivă, decât narativă.


„Să-l salut ori ba? Să-i dau un semn de viață sau nu? Să mă dau pe față sau nu? se frământa eroul nostru. Ori să mă prefac că eu nu sunt eu, ci altcineva – unul care, să zicem, seamănă cu mine – și să rămân, deci, indiferent?”


„Mai mult: în acest moment, domnul Goliadkin nu numai că voia să fugă de el însuși, dar ar fi vrut să dispară cu totul, să treacă în neființă, să se prefacă în pulbere. Nu lua seama la nimic; nu auzea, nu pricepea nimic din ceea ce se petrecea în preajma lui și privea în jur ca și cum pentru el n-ar fi existat aievea nici amintirea cumplită a încercărilor din acea seară, nici acest drum lung în noapte, nici ploaia, nici zăpada, nici vântul, nici furia stihiilor dezlănțuite.”
Profile Image for Leila Najari.
12 reviews1 follower
April 10, 2025
I just finished this novel. It tells the story of a poor office worker and a poor orphan girl who, to avoid neighborhood gossip, choose to communicate only through letters. These letters reveal their raw, genuine emotions while exposing how societal conditions trap people in poverty and misery.
Through this work, Dostoevsky illustrates how poverty becomes an impassable barrier between two people in love. Analyzing it through New Criticism, I focus solely on the text itself—not the author’s intent—and find it utterly mesmerizing. I’m completely absorbed by its power.
Profile Image for Mărioara Gaia.
115 reviews4 followers
May 10, 2023
O carte pe care o judec pentru emoția ce mi-a transmis-o, de nesfârșită durere și suferință. Pe Dostoievski doar așa, pesemne, îl putem percepe, cunoscându-l din cât mai multe și diverse opere ale sale.
11 reviews
January 8, 2025
Mi-a plăcut dar faza e ca o fost un pic tristă povestirea din carte, nu zic nu, m-o mai plictisit pe la ultimele pagini iar mie nu prea mi-a plăcut pe la final așa ca am lăsat-o din iulie până în noiembrie.
Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews

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