The book The Great War Explained , by Phillip Stevens, acts as a guide for readers new to World War One. It describes the high points of the Great War in a concise 224 pages, detailing the battles between the Central Powers and the Triple Entente. From the Black Hand Movement to the demise of the Five Empires, the book explains the First World War in a way that anyone can read and digest. Readers will appreciate Stevens’ use of separating key events to simplify the war and his descriptions of major people and armies that it found at the end of the book. The Great War Explained accomplishes the goal of explaining the war so that readers can gain a better understanding of this period of history.
At the beginning of the book, readers are informed about the origins of the Great War. The Great War was started by the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Prussia, Otto, Prince von Bismarck. Bismarck wanted a strong and united Germany, so he ordered his country to fight Denmark and Austria for possession of territories in 1866. He rounded off the territorial expansion by dominating France in the Franco-Prussian War, claiming the territories of Alsace and Lorraine. By 1871, Bismarck finished his creation of a German united federation. Germany was late to colonization. Therefore, the new empire was fixed on the idea of colonies and possessions. With this fixed idea, Germany allied themselves with Austria-Hungary and prepared for battle against the mutual defensive pact of Russia and France. Germany used their Schlieffen plan to solve the problem of fighting Russia and France on two fronts. With this fifteen-year-old revised plan, Germany readied themselves for war. Tensions rose in Serbia with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Black Hand Movement, a secret order dedicated to the end of Austrian rule, executed the assassination. After the assassination, Austrian government offered a ten-point ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia accepted most of the points except the last one, resulting in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. These events would lead to the start of the Great War.
The book continues with the beginning of the war. Britain prepared their Royal Navy for war. Germany began their Schlieffen plan. To carry out with the Schlieffen plan, Germany needed to cross through Belgium and attack France. Belgium refused to let Germany enter, so Germany attacked Belgium. At the time, neither Germany nor France knew if Britain would join the war. They found out soon. Britain gave Germany an ultimatum to either stop the fight against Belgium or go up against Britain, France and Russia. Germany did not stop attacking, so Britain declared war on Germany, going against the Treaty of London. Germany continued to attack Belgium, but the Belgium troops surprisingly resisted German attacks. Germany soon abandoned the Schlieffen plan for a new plan of separating the BEF and the French. Germany lost the first Battle of Ypres. After the loss, Germany took more of a defensive route. The Germans came back from the loss and defeated Russia in the Battle of Tannenberg. The prisoners and resources gained from the victory benefited Germany.
Near the middle of the book, readers learn of the battle of Verdun. This battle was one of the most brutal clashes of the Great War. Germany tried to take over the French-controlled area of Verdun. The Germans came close to capturing the territory, but the battle ended with Germany withdrawing their troops to help prevent France and Britain from capturing the Somme River. This battle weakened both the French and German armies, especially the French, losing over 380,000 forces. During this battle, Britain’s Grand Fleet fought against the German’s High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland. The Battle of Jutland ended in a draw. The Allies won the Battle of Somme, but the number of Allied causalities from the battle made it seem like it was a draw.
At the end of the book, readers are informed about the last two years of the war. 1917 brought about the events of the French front, the Chemin des Dames, and the arrival of the Americans in the Great War. The Chemin des Dames was a battle that resulted in French embarrassment, as France lost and suffered over 90,000 causalities in the first day of battle. France lost the entire battle in a couple of days. The Americans arrived late in the war to help the allies. Their speed and strength were used to take on the Germans. The last chapter talks about 1918, the last year of the war. 1918 brought about the Spanish ‘Flu, the American’s effect on the end of the war, and Germany’s defeat. The Spanish ‘Flu was an unknown strain of influenza that originated in America. The flu spread across Europe and caused an estimation of twenty-five million deaths. The Americans worked towards a negotiated peace treaty, but could not ignore the German attacks. America launched their largest attack on the German forces with phases that decided the conclusion of the war. All these factors caused Germany to surrender unconditionally. The last page informs the reader of the demise of the Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, and the formation of a German republic.
Stevens guides the readers through the Great War in an effective way. He separates the four years of the war into four chapters. Within these chapters, Stevens highlights the main battles that decided the outcome of the war. Stevens does a good job of not letting his bias affect the way he writes about the war. With these tactics, Stevens accomplishes his goal of explaining the Great War.
The Great War Explained is a book that guides the Great War in a similar way to a history textbook, highlighting the main events that transpired in different sections of the war. Readers will witness a transition of power between the Triple Entente and the Central Powers. Stevens' writing is so vivid that readers can read through the important battles and feel like they are soldier or commander fighting for their country. This book is for anyone who wants to understand the basics of World War One and someone who needs a fresh glance of the war. Stevens’ book brings new interest to the Great War and provides great insight that intrigues readers of all backgrounds. The Great War Explained is a book for the ages.