Fiction. Written during a time when there were still blank spaces on the map, when Verne could slap a volcano down on the North Pole and no one could call him on it, The Adventures of Captain Hatteras might seem fantastic to us today with its temperate polar waters teaming with wildlife (and flying penguins!), but back then, an open polar sea was widely accepted science. In 1864, the Franklin Expedition had just recently been declared lost with all hands. Attention was beginning to shift from the Passage to the Pole, and men were, once again, heading North with no real idea of what to expect once they got there. Verne, seemingly having read every primary source on the subject available to him in a French translation (he didn't read English and the majority of explorers were English), decided to pour it all into a book, the first of what would become his Voyages Extraordinaires series.
I was kind of amazed by how easy this is to read. The last novel I read that involved the North Pole was Frankenstein and that was a torturous nightmare. And not because of the monster. Verne, in contrast, seems to have a pretty light hand when it comes to prose and I found myself smiling several times at his whimsical descriptions. For the most part the writing doesn't get in the way of the story, except for when the reader runs face first into a dense block of infodump, usually brought to us by the venerable Dr. Clawbonny. Clawbonny was my favorite. He's friendly and enthusiastic, if also the appointed know-it-all, so he does spend a great deal of his time lecturing the others about Arctic history and science, getting many of the dates wrong thanks to Verne, and a lot of the science wrong thanks to the nineteenth century, but if you can look past that, he's a warm, likeable character and I enjoyed his energy and humor. The narrator seems fond of him, too, which makes him even more adorable.
Hatteras himself is one of those obsessive sea captain types, and not likeable at all. I didn't even find him admirable. He's a cold, internal sort and Verne doesn't develop him beyond that. The rest of the crew fits into two barrels: Good Apples and Bad Apples, and there's never any confusion which is which. Besides Clawbonny, the only other character that displays any personality is the dog, and while in the beginning I enjoyed his assumed authority with its touch of the supernatural, later he turns into the Platonic ideal of Dog, so strong, so brave, so loyal. Like those fictional children who never make a mess and always behave reasonably, a dog like that arouses extreme skepticism in the reader.
Truthfully, the characters are mostly there to give the plot a reason to happen. What really drives the book is its mix of adventure and science. The descriptions of the Arctic are detailed and realistic, and if they seem familiar it's because, as the translator William Butcher points out, most are plagiarized from the published diaries of Arctic explorers. Verne has taken entire paragraphs from other writers, often traceable because he duplicates unique phrases or mistakes in spelling. In his explanatory end notes, Butcher also indicates inaccuracies in dates, names, and coordinates (of which there are many), (homo)sexual innuendo (the only kind you can have when there isn't a woman anywhere in the entire book), and things Verne seems to have made up wholesale. Verne was not a meticulous writer. He would frequently give the date within the narrative, only to give a wildly different date several lines later even though only a few days had passed. If I hadn't had the translator on my side, I would have thought I was losing my mind.
A version of this is available for free at Gutenberg, but the English translation is based on a flawed text, so I'm glad I went out of my way for the new translation. The Oxford edition comes with valuable translator's notes, a timeline of Arctic expeditions, some introductory essays about Verne and his writing, and the original ending from Verne's manuscript, which I greatly preferred.
The plot is kind of a mess, riddled with failures in logic (why didn't Duke recognize the captain earlier? if the polar bears weren't interested in eating the dogs, why would they be so quick to pursue the fox?), and the end is visibly disjointed, elements of the original climax still haunting the revised conclusion. And much of the science will make you roll your eyes. But it's a product of its time, which is why I read it as part of my Polar reading project, to give me an idea of what it would be like to live on a planet that wasn't entirely known, and the stories people made up to fill those gaps.
Three stars. Relevant to my interests, easy enough to read, and exciting in parts. Contains animal harm and unmitigated nationalism.