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288 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1836


The fall of Napoleon was the last flicker of the lamp of despotism; it destroyed and it parodied kings as Voltaire the Holy Scripture. [...] Men in taking leave of women whispered the word which wounds to the death: contempt. They plunged into the dissipation of wine and courtesans. Students and artists did the same; love was treated as were glory and religion: it was an old illusion. [...] Goethe, the patriarch of a new literature, after painting in his Werther the passion which leads to suicide, traced in his Faust the most sombre human character which has ever represented evil and unhappiness. [...] Byron replied to him in a cry of grief which made Greece tremble, and hung Manfred over the abyss. [...] Then formed two camps: on one side the exalted spirits, sufferers, all the expansive souls who yearned toward the infinite, bowed their heads and wept; they wrapped themselves in unhealthful dreams and nothing could be seen but broken reeds in an ocean of bitterness. On the other side the materialists remained erect, inflexible, in the midst of positive joys, and cared for nothing except to count the money they had acquired. It was but a sob and a burst of laughter, the one coming from the soul, the other from the body. [...] Already the children were clenching idle hands and drinking in a bitter cup the poisoned brewage of doubt. Already things were drifting toward the abyss, when the jackals suddenly emerged from the earth. [...] the French character, being by nature gay and open, readily assimilated English and German ideas. [...] It was the paroxysm of despair, a nameless appeal to all celestial powers; it was a poor, wretched creature squirming under the foot that was crushing him; it was a loud cry of pain. Who knows? In the eyes of Him who sees all things, it was perhaps a prayer. [...] In reading the history of the fall of the Roman Empire, it is impossible to overlook the evil that the Christians, so admirable when in the desert, did to the State when they were in power. [...] Montesquieu might have added: Christianity destroyed the emperors but it saved the people. It opened to the barbarians the palaces of Constantinople, but it opened the doors of cottages to the ministering angels of Christ. [...] The antagonists of Christ therefore said to the poor: 'You wait patiently for the day of justice: there is no justice; you wait for the life eternal to achieve your vengeance: there is no life eternal; you gather up your tears and those of your family, the cries of children and the sobs of women, to place them at the feet of God at the hour of death: there is no God.' [...] All the evils of the present come from two causes: the people who have passed through 1793 and 1814 nurse wounds in their hearts. That which was is no more; what will be, is not yet. Do not seek elsewhere the cause of our malady.Amidst the general theorizing, there's some layering in of faustian ideas, such as how we have inside us "two occult powers engaged in a death-struggle: the one, clear-sighted and cold, is concerned with reality, calculation, weight, and judges the past; the other is athirst for the future and eager for the unknown." But the narrator also thinks of the two-souls-warring as a "terrible combat between my youth and my ennui," and "Thus spoke and groaned within me two voices, voices that were defiant and terrible; and then a third voice cried out! 'Alas! Alas! my innocence! Alas! Alas! the days that were!'" Ultimately, it is a medieval religious cliche in how "you must choose between your soul and your body; you must kill one or the other."
Unos decían:Octavio es un personaje a la deriva, a la merced de los grandes (aspa)vientos del Romanticismo, condenado a un amor trágico. La relación que emprende con Brigitte comienza como una regeneración, pero Octavio quiere ver en su amada, una madre y una libertina,
-Lo que ha originado la caída del emperador ha sido el pueblo, que no quería saber nada.
Otros:
-El pueblo quiere el rey y no la libertad, ni la razón, ni la religión, ni la constitución inglesa, ni el absolutismo.
Tres elementos intervenían, pues, en la vida que se ofrecía a la sazón a los jóvenes: detrás de ellos, un pasado destruido para siempre, agitándose todavía entre sus cenizas, con todos los fósiles del absolutismo; delante de ellos, la aurora de un amplio horizonte, las primeras claridades del porvenir y, entre aquellos dos mundos [...], algo similar al Océano que separa el viejo continente de la joven América, un no sé qué vago y flotante, un mar proceloso y colmado de naufragios, atravesado de cuando en cuando por alguna lejana vela blanca o por algún navío que impulsa un vapor pesado. El siglo presente, en una palabra, que separa el pasado del futuro, y que se parece a los dos al mismo tiempo, y donde no se sabe, a cada paso que se da, si se camina sobre un cimiento o sobre un despojo.
La levanté en mis brazos. “¡Oh, mi única amiga! -exclamé-. ¡Oh, mi amante, mi madre, mi hermana!quiere moldearla a la medida de sus volátiles caprichos, quiere someterse y rebelarse; no es de extrañar que termina por establecer una relación disfuncional, patológica, sadomasoquista en el ejercicio de una continua crueldad psicológica y claramente destructiva. A Brigitte la van enfermando las exigencias, los cambios de humor, las burlas y sarcasmos, los celos sin motivos pero llega un momento en que ella se rebela y le “canta cuatro”:
"Veamos, ¿por qué dudáis de mí? Desde hace seis meses, en pensamiento, cuerpo y alma, sólo os he pertenido a vos, ¿De qué osáis sospechar? [...] ¿Creéis tener un rival? Enviadle una carta que firmaré y vos echaréis al buzón. ¿Qué hacemos, adónde vamos? Decidámonos. ¿No estamos siempre juntos? Pues bien, ¿por qué me dejas? No puedo estar al mismo tiempo cerca y lejos de ti.”Cada uno llega, a su manera, al desespero extremo, cada uno se asoma al abismo y se da cuenta que el futuro se parece a su pasado y que caminan sobre el cimiento de un futuro de ruinas. Renunciar a esos amores, es un sacrificio pero más que señal de nobleza, es señal de madurez y condición de supervivencia.