Sara Ahmed’s, The Promise of Happiness, scrutinizes our ubiquitous desire to be happy. Of concern is the Being of happiness, as a concept, rather than happy feelings or feeling happy. Ahmed investigates the distribution and mobility of happiness - how happiness is meant for some bodies more than others – as well as the co-dependency between happiness and morality, the good life. Upon questioning the utility of happiness, Ahmed concludes by proposing what happiness, as a concept, can be utilized for.
To start, Ahmed paints a devastating image of happiness, illustrating happiness as a technology of social control: happiness is promised to those who live their lives the right way, where the ‘right’ way, and what the good life is, is determined by societies powerful structures, and reflects these structures of power. The path to happiness, the path to living the good life, involves becoming proximate to whiteness, heteronormativity, and wealth.
Importantly, Ahmed also un-conceals the violence within and underneath happiness. Happiness is violent insofar as it punishes those who do not, or can not, follow the path to happiness, and as it conceals and covers over forms of injustice, suffering, and unhappiness. Gender inequality; racism; colonialism; classism; homophobia, and more, are justified, and allowed to persist, insofar as they contribute to the happiness of society. In this way, happiness for all negates happiness for certain individuals.
Nonetheless, Ahmed does not demonize happiness, nor she does romanticize or call for a turn to unhappiness. Rather, she severs the ties between happiness and ethics, happiness and the good life, and re-images happiness, and unhappiness, as possibilities, and as conditions of possibilities instead. In taking happiness as possibility, Ahmed makes happiness possible for those bodies which are not proximate to whiteness, heteronormativity, or wealth. Widening the scope of possibilities for what the good life is, and can be, enables new actualities for the world; enables new worlds.