In their joint written project, The Undercommons, Moten and Harney essentially set out to chart out a mapping of a new kind of relationality, a new form of sociality that attempts to defy the object relation of capitalism. Capitalism relies on a kind of social disconnectedness, it inverts the relation between subjects to a relation between objects, where relations become an anti-relationality, relations are predicated on value and people are seen only by the value they produce. This creates the kind of hollowed out capitalist subject that Moten and Harney begin to define in relation to Policy, Logistics, Governance, and Credit. In their concept of the undercommons, Moten and Harney are attempting to articulate a sociality that slips through the cracks and breaks within capitalist anti-relationality. This sociality is built upon “a different mode of living together with others, of being with others, not just with other people but with other things and other kind of senses” (119). They develop these new forms of sociality through their concepts of “fugitive planning and black study.” Planning and study become the way in which the undercommons, which Moten & Harney note isn’t a place so as much as it’s this relationality they are working at, slips outside of the increasingly rigid and formalised policy of capitalist life to generate new ways of being, or as Moten constantly returns to not consenting to being a single being. Rather we are an ensemble.
Both employ very jazz-driven language to capture the relations they want to establish which works so well in capturing the concept. They envision this kind of social life as being an ensemble, a collective improvisation of sociality that doesn’t require any sort of formal program or reasoning to establish itself. Study is something that is always happening, Moten & Harney go at length in the interview to establish that study is not what is thought in academic terms but rather this kind of collective improvisation that is always happening. They are working at developing a poetics of the everyday things that slip outside of what wld normally be accepted in “academic study,” study is happening in conversations with friends, about ideas, where to eat, what one did the other day, just general shooting the shit can be enveloped in this idea of study.
The two work within and against the system of academia (and of course as others noted they write within a [fugitive] academic style that isn’t necessarily easy to grasp unless you are already immersed in academia) attempting to generate change inside the academic systems they occupy, their study does have wider implications beyond academia. A lot of the wider implications are told in the interview that appears at the end, and the interview ends up being one of the high points of the whole text. It enacts the informal fugitive style they speak so much of because neither are afraid to talk simply and reference things you wouldn’t really see within “scholarly” and “theoretical” type work such as Curtis Mayfield, Marvin Gaye, Joe McPhee, and various other musicians and music they talk on. I am a major fan of the interview format, not because it should be the place for writers to have to begrudgingly “explain” their work, because it gives a chance for the writers to delve into the greater implications of their work and why it matters to the wider world outside academic writing. The essays are fantastic and I am indeed a sucker for the more poetic vein of theory but the interview really shines for it’s informal and causal sense of diction. It certainly strikes me as “fugitive” for escaping outside the rigid confines of scholarly work. Although, of course the interview isn’t necessarily some sort of rogue method of presentation but rather it’s how Moten & Harney present themselves. They aren’t afraid to speak boldly and talk about how fucked up things are which is certainly refreshing for academics, they don’t have to present themselves with some sort of high air. It’s in the interviews casualness that they really succeed in a fugitive kind of writing bc they can so effortlessly blend all kinds of culture, bridging such high theory again with people like Curtis Mayfield or James Brown.
Certainly already in the joint writing style there is a certain sense of Deleuze & Guattari (I cld be projecting!) within what Moten & Harney are doing. Even Moten, in the interview, says: “Like Deleuze. I believe in the world and want to be in it” (118). And in the project’s whole sense of fugitivity, there are resonances of creating a line of flight, sketching a cartography of a people to come, always in genesis. Moten continues by saying: “I want to be in it all the way to the end of it because I believe in another world in the world and I want to be in that. And I plan to stay a believer, like Curtis Mayfield” (118). I couldn’t substantiate it too well but I cld possibly see a line of thought between A Thousand Plateaus and The Undercommons. Not that D&G wld validate M&H but both teams wld generate all these new cartographies, fugitive lines of flight, generate new becomings to redefine social life and sociality.
This sense of fugitivity and the commons strikes me, this cld be because I just read it, almost as the people outside of History in Ellison’s Invisible Man. When the narrator is walking through the streets of Harlem and he is thinking about how all this social life escapes the History and history that The Brotherhood has been teaching him, he effectively realises this relationality of the undercommons. Even towards the end when he realises that he must come back into the world from his basement there is a certain kind of sociality that he cannot escape from. The undercommons is the people outside of History, the people who escape through the cracks of policy and governance. These people outside of history are there but yet they are still the people to come, always in between, always becoming.
For such a short book of 165 pages it really is brimming full of incredible ideas that have a sense of powerful urgency in our times. They work with and extend the black radical tradition and Moten’s ideas of blackness as something that is “in the break” and a “collective improvisation.” Particularly the concepts of Policy and Planning, and Study are so illuminating and invigorating in attempting to redefine and reconnect the brokenness of capitalist anti-relationality.
[Slight after note: I agree that while the work does have difficult and academic language, still within the vein of D&G and Derrida, Moten & Harney work within the tradition of academic writing so as to subvert it from within. I don’t think it’s as much obscure as it it’s trying to be an open text. It isn’t rigidly setting out to convey an exact concept and system. Rather it defies systematic concepts and operates more like a toolbox in that same D&G way. The concepts they give are meant to be in dialogue with the reader, prompting the reader to think in new ways and to generate their own new ideas from the text. I particularly love the sociality that they open up in reading a text in the interview. A text becomes a “social space” so that you can “try to be a part of it” (108). All texts are a social space the reader enters, not only with the supposed writer, but a wide context of “people, things, [that] are meeting there and interacting, rubbing off one another, brushing against one another” (108). In generating this collective improvisation of sociality, a text becomes a part of that as well. Moten & Harney are playing us a tune and ask us to pick up an instrument and join in the improv. Maybe we won’t dig what they are playing and attempt to lead the improv in other directions, perhaps we’ll be attuned and join in on the chaotic harmony. They see either way as a proper way to rehearse and dialogue with their work. And their work plays out like a Ornette, like a Cecil, like a Shepp, chaotic, harmonious, grooving, the reader can jump in the improv in many different places and take what they need. What matters, Moten notes, is that what is felt is “the new way of being together and thinking together” the interaction is what matters “not the tool, not the prop” (106). It what the reader can do in generating new potentialities of relationality that is of the highest importance. The fugitive style of writing is called for in the project that Moten & Harney are sketching.]
[Note 2: I realise I also didn’t bring up the politics of refusal they both invoke in this project. It’s anti-representational, anti-democratic (more so perhaps in the form of the current false image of bourgeois democracy?), and ultimately anti-political. They say if their project that: “We are the general antagonism to politics looming outside every attempt to politicise, every imposition of self-governance, every sovereign decision and its degraded miniature, every emergent state and home sweet home… We cannot represent ourselves. We can’t be represented” (20). This ties in to Moten’s theorisations of Blackness as being inherently fugitive and homeless, Blackness as that which is “in the break” or as Massumi summarises the line of flight, Blackness, in Moten’s view, is seen as “the act of fleeing or eluding but also flowing, leaking, and disappearing into the distance” (ATP xvi). Blackness is a line of flight outside the structuring regimes of Policy and Governance which cld be further suggested by the text’s own subtitle of “Fugitive Planning & Black Study.” Politics attempts to systematise and provide a programme for change, whereas Moten & Harney are against systematic thinking. Again, their thinking, to me, suggests so much in terms of rhizomatic thought. They are entirely against arborescent thought. Blackness is fugitive exactly because it escapes outside the arborescent thought of Policy. It is more so seen by Moten exactly as rhizomatic, eluding capitalist relations, always that which is fleeing into the distance. But fleeing to pick up its weapons. I can’t remember the exact quote D&G love from George Jackson in ATP but while fleeing, Moten agrees, that one will always picking up their weapons.
Their politics of refusal works exactly along the lines of planning and study, in working towards abolition. Moten notes that “when we talk about what Marx means by wealth - the division of it, the accumulation of it, the privatisation of it, and the accounting of it - all of that shit should be abolished” (154). This leads Moten to further exclaim, and in its striking in its powerful simplicity (something I’ve argued with people who can actually disagree with this notion!) “What I’m really saying when I say that is: anybody who’s breathing should have everything they need and 93% of what they want - not by virtue of the fact that you work today, but by virtue of the fact that you are here” (155).
Noting the discussion of Joe McPhee’s “Nation Time” I am reminded exactly (as Moten discusses too) of Baraka’s searing recording of his poem “It’s Nation Time,” a poem that almost summarises a major portion of Moten & Harney’s sociality:
“Time to get
together
time to be one strong fast black energy space
one pulsating positive magnetism, rising
time to get up and
be
come
be
come”]