I would give this book of essays 5 stars b/c the writing is exquisite and narratively deep and the subjects of his writing are compelling and unique regardless of your interests. However, the collection as a whole suffers a bit from that, let's put together a collection of your best published writing and frame it in a way that makes sense. I get the Incendiary Circumstances aspect to a certain degree. Ghosh writes about places most Americans couldn't find on a map such as Burma/Myanmar, for example, and conflicts that are beyond our borders and thus unless you are a member of a diaspora or a scholar, you're just not that interested such as partisan conflicts within India that are rarely if ever reported on by American journalists. I learned quite a bit about worlds that I know little about.
However, I got this book from the library to read an essay about Shahid Agha Ali, a poet and teacher whom I knew from taking a class with him as an undergraduate and remained in contact with intermittently before his premature death in 2001 at the age of 50. Ghosh's essay on Shahid does not disappoint. He not only provides a precise analysis of his work with forms such as the ghazal, specific to Arab poetry, but he brought to life the incredibly charming, delightful, and compassional man I remember as a teacher and as an acquaintance. For that essay alone, the book is worth buying or borrowing in my case. But that essay and maybe one or two more do not seem to be "incendiary" even though where Shahid grew up as well as his poetry point to a conflicted political history, a diasporic subject, and unending violence that divides India today.
I read the other essays because already familiar with his work, both non-fiction and fiction, I knew that it would be intelligently and persuasively written because Ghosh must be one of the best story-tellers alive today. His anthropological background gives him the keenest of eyes and ears. Nothing he writes has ever made me think, hmmm... he is not quite getting this right or he is writing about another culture in an essentialising or condescending way. In fact, it is his position as a South Asian from a culture that itself has been not only ridden by violence, internecine politics, Orientalized/considered Third World that I think grants him both permission and authority to write about relatively unknown cultures, places, conflicts, and people. Included are a few essays about the US (a short essay toward the end of the book on 4 Corners takes on a somewhat amusing, glancing take on mythology of the American West through silencing the mass genocide that occurred in this space).
His empathy and consideration of the power of representation remains always at the forefront as does his ability to place himself often at the edges of his essays as an observer and distiller of experience yet still be part of the narrative, often in a self-deprecating or humorous manner. One can see how Ghosh is such a proficient writer in both fiction and non-fiction as he brings the best of each of these genres in contact with each other.