A solid biography of one of Hollywood’s great actors. A WWII combat veteran, a devoted husband and father, a former 6-time president of the Screen Actors Guild and defender of American cultural institutions, Civil Rights activist (before it was popular), and public defender of the 2nd Amendment. While most modern Hollywood stars come across as vapid, Charlton Heston led a rather full life, willing to take unpopular stands for the things he believed in, even if it was harmful to his career. While I have long enjoyed many of his films (Ben Hur, The Ten Commandments, Planet of the Apes, etc), I didn’t really know all that much about the man. This book certainly filled in the gaps and I would absolutely recommend it. Solid 3 stars.
What follows are my notes on the book:
Born John Charles Carter. He was raised in the backwoods of lower Michigan where his father taught him to hunt, fish, and shoot. His mother Lilla married Russell Carter, the first guy to come along and help her escape her strict Victorian upbringing in Chicago. But she soon felt stifled without the comforts of her cultured upbringing. She divorced Russell, left Michigan, and remarried Chester Heston. She later arbitrarily changed her son’s name from John Carter to Charlton Heston.
The divorce was devastating for young John (Charlton). He always blamed himself and as a child never understood why his father was no longer in his life. Plus he hated leaving his home in the country. The author makes the argument that this trauma dramatically shaped Heston’s later acting career and choice of roles. Like it was some sort of subconscious attempt to restore that lost world of his youth.
At high school in Chicago he began acting as a way to meet girls. After his growth spurt and his new booming voice he proved a natural actor, even if the high school productions were rather amateurish. He was approached by an amateur filmmaker with an offer to play a role for no pay. Charlton took it as long as he could film on weekends so he didn’t lose his job at the steel mill. When the director refused, he quit his job and took the acting gig.
He met Lydia Clark at Northwestern University. For Charlton it was love at first sight. But Lydia desperately wanted a career and had to be won over (she saw how her mother’s marriage ended her independent career). While their relationship started out cold and even combative, they eventually fell in love and married before he departed for the war. Charlton enlisted in 1941 upon hearing of Pearl Harbor. But he wasn’t called up until 1944. He was posted to the Aleutian Islands. He was trained as a radioman and B-25 waste gunner and flew several combat missions. In a freak accident, he was run over by an ambulance while assisting other airmen during a plane crash. He was reassigned to Anchorage for the remainder of the war.
After his discharge, he moved to NYC and lived in a tenement in Hell’s Kitchen while looking for work. They scoured the papers looking for acting jobs and did some modeling to pay the bills. He finally landed an acting/directing gig at a theater looking for veterans in Asheville, NC. His work was so respected their contract was extended.
When he returned to NYC, he and Lydia continued to struggle, occasionally landing a bit part in a Broadway play. When television came along, Charlton was one of the handful of underemployed 25-year olds who helped develop the new medium, gaining a large following. His performances on television caught the attention of Los Angeles based producer Hal Wallace who wanted to sign him to a film contract. But at the time, Heston loved the stage and wanted nothing to do with Hollywood.
His first Hollywood outing was a flop and he returned to NY. His wife encouraged him to return to Hollywood and give movies one more shot. He was yet again turned down but while leaving the studio had a chance encounter with Cecil B. DeMille who was struggling to find a lead for his new film. He cast him as the lead in his new circus-themed film “The Greatest Show on Earth.”
The film was a smash hit and launched Heston as a star. The movie would go on to win an upset best picture Oscar. Cheston’s contract was sold back to Paramount after his outspoken comments on the plight of the Sioux Indians, something he learned about in filming “The Savage.”
After several more hit or miss films, none of which lived up to The Greatest Show, the Hestons were considering moving back to NY and their work in television when two life altering events occurred. First, after 11 years of marriage, Lydia was pregnant. And second, Heston was cast in DeMille’s remake of “The Ten Commandments.”
It cost $13M to make the “Ten Commandments.” It made $87M in its year-long theatrical run... going on to become the second highest grossing film of all time after “Gone With the Wind.”
He returned to Broadway, performing the lead role in the play Mister Roberts.
While The Ten Commandments received 7 Oscar nominations, Heston was not nominated for best actor, which he bore with his usual stoicism.
Heston was eager to work with Orson Welles and convinvced the studio to hire him to direct his next film “A Touch of Evil.” Welles re-wrote the script, placing himself in the lead role and downgrading Heston’s role in the film. At the time Heston supported Welles and his creative decisions and was eager to work with him. The movie would flop in America.
Accepting another historical or period role. Heston agreed to play the title character in Ben Hur. He and Lydia and baby Fraser moved to Italy. The filming scheduled and demands were grueling. Lydia took up photography and worked with Heston on set.
The Ten Commandments was a Oscar blowout winning 11 awards. It missed out on best adapted screenplay which caused an uproar by thanking non-union, second billing writers in his acceptance speech.
His outspoken defense of his colleague caught the attention of Ronald Reagan, then a struggling actor and president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) fighting on behalf of actors to receive “residuals” (i.e. royalties for their past work).
After returning from filming El Sid alongside Sophia Loren in Italy, Heston joined the Civil Rights March in 1961 at a time when it was not popular for Hollywood stars to do so.
Heston was elected as Vice President of SAG. His biopic of El Sid would never reach the same heights as Ben Hur or The Ten Commandments, but it would be a commercial success, grossing $60M off a $6M budget.
Heston met with Dr. Martin luther King Jr. and joined him in his famous march in Washignton D.C.
Heston had unintentionally branded (typecast) himself into historical roles that were growing increasingly less appealing to mass markets and worried about his future in the film industry.
He worked his way up the SAG hierarchy and became its president in 1965.
In 1966 he visited U.S. troops in remote areas of Vietnam. As a war veteran himself, the trip had a profound effect in him and he personally wrote letters to family members for any troop who asked him (and there were quite a few).
After Reagan won the California governorship, the GOP approached Heston and asked him to run for Senate. Heston flatly refused. He had seen how quickly Hollywood had turned on Reagan after his foray into politics and wanted nothing to do with it (he would be approached numerous times by both parties and always refused).
The assassinations of MLK Jr. and President Kennedy plus the decision of LBJ (someone Heston greatly admired for all his Civil Rights accomplishments) not to run for reelection over the Vietnam War led to much political and social soul searching by Heston. He grew increasingly frustrated with the fractures in the Democratic Party.
In 1968 he and Lydia adopted a daughter Holly Ann.
Also in 1968, Heston read the novel “Monkey Planet” and pitched it for a film. The Planet of the Apes who prove a popular blockbuster that helped to ignite the science fiction genera in Hollywood while breathing new life into his own career.
Heston was reelected 5 times as SAG president (6 terms total). His tenure was marked by his efforts to promote the making of films in Hollywood instead of overseas (where it was significantly cheaper) and fought for higher pay for actors in the Guild. Yet, his tenure was marked by hypocrisy as he personally continued to shoot films overseas despite his earnest efforts to the contrary.
During this stage of his life, he faced his share of marital struggles and fights as a result of his grueling schedule and Lydia’s natural resentment as the one who gave up her career to support him. Heston, who was forever scarred by his parent’s divorce, always did whatever was necessary to keep his marriage together.
As a WWII vet he was furious with the treatment of American soldiers coming home from Vietnam, most of whom were drafted and not responsible for the debacle. He shifted his support to Nixon in the hopes he would end the Vietnam War “with honor.”
He suffered a number of cinema failures at this stage in his career (Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, Call of the Wild) but he also had a couple surprise smash hits including Omega Man (i.e. I Am Legend) and Soylent Green.
In an effort to help maintain government support for the American Film Institute, he invited Nixon to present the SAG lifetime achievement award. When Watergate later broke, Heston’s embrace of Nixon was the beginning of his professional shunning in Hollywood.
Heston clashed with President Reagan over proposed budget cuts to the National Endowment of the Arts. Everyone assumed Heston and Reagan were really close, but that was never really the case. Reagan eventually blinked and left the budget for the NEA in place. Heston received much of the praise for the coup in Hollywood.
Heston had always kept his personal political views out of SAG during his presidency. He detested the election of Edward Asner in 1980/1 to the SAG presidency and his insistence on left wing activism in his official capacity. Asner revoked or denied a planned lifetime achievement award for Ronald Reagan as a result of Reagan breaking the air traffic controller strike out of a sense of union solidarity. While Heston and Reagan were not close, Heston thought the move a new low of political activism.
In the 1980s, he worked on some films written by his son Fraser.
In 1985, SAG sanctioned Heston after he publicly supported Idaho’s “right to work” law. Heston believed that Union labor was driving up the cost of movie production and actually hurting the U.S. film industry resulting I fewer films being made in the U.S.
Heston was invited to participate in a public shooting event. While not a gun fanatic, his memories of shooting with his father in Michigan were among his fondest memories. This introduced him to the NRA and he spoke out against some California propositions to ban hand guns.
The NRA was a bipartisan, pro-second amendment group. Heston agreed to speak in support of pro-second amendment events in the mid-80s and helped propel the NRA into a political force in Washington. The author laments that most people in the current generation only know Heston for his 2nd Amendment activism (i.e. the adlibbed comment that "I'll give you my gun when you pry it from my cold, dead hands") not his commendable acting career, his commitment to his family, or his civil rights advocacy. [Personal Note: For a great many Americans, none of these things are seen as mutually exclusive.]
Heston was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in 2002. After his diagnoses but before it was publicly known, he was ambushed at his home by Michael Moore for candid interviews for his Bowling for Columbine documentary. He died in 2008.