This is much more of a critical book review that I had to do for my Hebrew class. Therefore, it will include an introduction, summary (spoilers??), a critical evaluation, and conclusion. Thus, it will look different and be longer than my other reviews.
Introduction
It seems important for a person who is learning the language of a people to also learn the culture and history of that people. The book of Joshua, in the Old Testament, can help with that endeavor. Such a book is filled with references, direct or indirect, to previous books of the Bible, as well as contemporary (to Joshua’s day) events such as the taking of the Canaanite land. Dale Ralph Davis’s book Joshua: No Falling Words looked to be a helpful resource in grappling with some of the lexical or historical complexities of the book.
Summary
Davis split Joshua: No Falling Words into four sections as he interprets the book of Joshua itself to have. Part 1 is about entering the land, made up of Joshua: chapters 1-4. Part 2 is on taking the land, made up of Joshua 5-12. Part 3 is about possessing the land, chapters 13-21. Finally, the fourth part is about retaining the land in chapters 22-24.
In Part 1, Davis discussed the entrance into the promised land, beginning with the death of Moses and ending in the crossing of the Jordan River. In chapter three of his book, Davis showing God’s hand in Israel’s possessing the land wrote,
On the ‘tenth day of the first month’ the people went up form the Jordan and camped at Gilgal. C. F. Keil pointed out that it was on the same day forty years before that Israel had begun to prepare for going out of Egypt by setting apart the Passover lamb (Exod. 12:2-3). Therefore, we might say this day had marked the beginning of redemption; now it marked its completion. What Yahweh began he brought to completion, (40).
Part 2, containing nine chapters, began with observing the sacraments (circumcision), discussed the major campaigns against Jericho, Ai, and the others, as well as what seemed to be minor blurbs about other cities and towns being conquered. In these pages are, of course, the contrasting displays of the faithfulness in the Jericho story by most of Israel and the unfaithfulness of Achan leading to the demise of Israel against Ai. However, having dealt with the issue of Achan, the author shows how God gave victory over Ai through human means. While Jericho was a supernatural event that crumbled thick walls, Ai was a very human ambush. However, “Even the ambush was no bright idea of Joshua or Israel but part of Yahweh’s instructions,” (69). This part of the book also deals with the covenant with the Gibeonites, as well as the rest of the southern and northern campaigns.
Within the southern campaign is the famous sun standing still in the sky. However, Davis believes it was actually the moon that stood still rather than the sun. There are multiple reasons for his argument, but it can be summarized with two Hebrew words “damam” and “amad,” (88-89). He certainly makes a convincing case.
Part 3 takes up chapters 13-18 (Joshua 13-21) in the book. Here Davis makes an important difference between the conquering of Canaan and the possession of Canaan. In this section, the author contrasts the faith of Caleb and Joshua (again) with the unfaithfulness of the rest of Israel (again). Chapter 13 tells the story of Caleb’s claim upon his promised land and takes possession of it, along with his soon to be son-in-law. Chapter 18 has Joshua receiving his promised land. In between on reads how Israel failed to possess the land that God had given them. Though they had the upper hand and the strong arm of God, they did not complete the task they were called to do. “Yahweh’s promises are intended not as sedatives but as stimulants. God does not want us to swallow his promises but to seize them,” (146). Unfortunately, this is not what Israel did.
Finally, in Part 4, one reads about the closing of the contests and the death of Joshua. The author explains the reason the altar set up by the Transjordan tribes was such a major deal. Yet most striking of perhaps the entire book, was the exposition on Joshua’s final summons of Israel. In this final summons, Davis notes that Joshua called the people to Yahweh, but if they would not have Yahweh, they still must choose which false god they would follow. “He presses Israel to the wall; they must come down somewhere. . .You will say, ‘But that’s stupid; choosing between pagan gods is really absurd.’ Joshua retort: ‘That’s precisely my point. If you reject Yahweh, you are stupid, and the only options left are so absurd that they make no sense at all,’” (205-206).
Critical Evaluation
In the preface of the book, the author wrote his purpose for the book. “My purpose has been to provide a model of what a pastor can do in biblical study if he will sweat over the Hebrew text and assume that the text as we have it was meant to be bread from God for his people.” This may lead one to think that the book will contain quite a bit of Hebrew vocabulary and lexical usage. However, that is not the case. This cannot be considered an exegetical commentary. That is not to say that there was no textual or lexical information within the book, but not nearly as the preface led this reviewer to believe. At least, it was not as overt as initially thought. There were many places in which the author used his own translation. Other places he would use a translation that he believed rightly expressed the meaning of the text, such as the NASB, RSV, etc. It did not seem as though Davis was finding a translation to match his thoughts, but showing a translation that expressed the full meaning of the text which led to thoughts.
This commentary is much more of a devotional commentary. It is probably one of the best that this reviewer has ever read. Dale Ralph Davis clearly has a pastor’s heart and a heart that loves God, His Word, and His Son. The introductions, illustrations, and applications in this book are moving and relatable. They cut at times but also can heal the wounds. The way that the author pulls in other texts of Scripture (especially “pre-Joshua” texts, but also many from the New Testaments, Psalms, or prophets) displays his love of Scripture’s unity.
Conclusion
For the pastor or teacher who will be going through the book of Joshua, this book is certainly a must have. His exposition is quite good. The application is purposeful and helpful for those who have difficulty with such matters. However, if the pastor/teacher is looking for an exegetical commentary that goes into details about tense or if a verb is qal, niphal, of hitpael, he will be vastly disappointed. He will need to look elsewhere. Dale Ralph Davis will not help one in their translation, but he will certainly guide one in their understanding and explanation to others.