Wanting Mor by Rukhsana Khan
Groundwood Books, House of Anasi Press, Toronto & Berkeley, 2009
Interest level: YA (grades 7-10)
The main character, Jameela, is a young girl from Afghanistan. Her mother, Mor, dies from disease at the beginning of the book and now Jameela is left behind to deal with her irresponsible father and take over all the household duties. They live in poverty in a hut with no plumbing and a dirt floor, and they cook over a fire. They never have enough food, and their remote village has no doctor and no school. Her father is cruel to her and smokes opium and drinks, even though their religion forbids it. Her father was originally from Kabul, so after his wife Mor dies, he decides to return to the city where he thinks things will be better and he can find work. He sells all their belongings and Jameela only has a few minutes to say goodbye at her mother’s gravesite. When they arrive in Kabul, they stay with some of her father’s friends and Jameela is put to work cooking and cleaning. When that living situation didn’t work out, Jameela’s father decides to get married to a woman he barely knows, who he introduces to Jameela as her new mother. The arrangements are made very quickly and Jameela and her father move in to this woman’s house. Again, Jameela is forced to cook and clean, but she cannot please her new mother, who is extremely cruel to her. Her new stepmother tells Jameela’s father to get rid of her and so her father abandons her in a market. A kind butcher takes her to an orphanage, where Jameela actually has the opportunity to learn to read and make friends. Some American soldiers who help out at the orphanage take her to their military hospital, where she has surgery to fix her cleft lip. Life improves greatly for Jameela and she eventually wants to become a school teacher at the orphanage. She finds her father again and when he discovers her lip has been fixed and she can read, he tries to convince her to move away with him. She refuses though because she is quite happy with her new life at the orphanage.
The book is set in Afghanistan in 2001, right after the American invasion. The author tries to provide a culturally accurate depiction of what life is like in Afghanistan and I think she does a great job. The author, who was born in Lahore, Pakistan, is an expert on books with Muslim themes and her books are often set in or feature characters from Pakistan and the Middle East. In the author’s note, we find out that this story is based on a true event. Khan read a news report about orphanages and it told about a young girl whose father remarried and his new wife didn’t want the girl, so they left her in the marketplace, just like Jameela is abandoned in Wanting Mor. Khan’s sister-in-law, who is from Kabul, provided information about culture and life in Afghanistan for this book. Khan also had two other people from Kandahar read the book to review it for accuracy. Although I am not very familiar with life and the culture of Afghanistan, the details in the story seem very authentic.
As an American reader, reading about the life of a Muslim girl in Afghanistan, some of the major cultural differences were surprising and difficult to understand. Because of the reading level , content, and the age of the main character, I’d say the target audience is middle school. If I had any of my middle school students read this book, I would want to prepare them for these differences and make sure they had a little background knowledge about the cultural differences, the War in Afghanistan and Muslim beliefs and practices. A young student who no background knowledge of these things might have difficulty comprehending the book. There were many unfamiliar words (some in the Pushto language, some dealing with Islam and cultural details) that aren’t defined in context. There is a glossary in the back of the book, but some readers might not find it – there is no indication within the text or at the beginning of the book. The languages and groups of people mentioned in the book (Pushto, Farsi, Punjabi) may be unfamiliar to any reader who does not keep up with the news and has not read anything about people in Afghanistan. Prayer customs are also not explained (how many times per day, when, washing rituals, etc.), so if a reader has no prior knowledge about Islam, they may be confused.
For a female American reader, it is also shocking how women are treated in the book – especially Jameela because she is a poor, young, uneducated girl with a cleft lip. As a young girl, she is expected to do all the housework after her mother dies – and it’s very labor intensive because they live in a hut with no plumbing. She keeps reminding herself of what her mother had told her before she died – if she can’t be beautiful, she can at least be good and people will appreciate that. She has never been educated and cannot read, so her opportunities in life are dismal. She is also required to wear a head scarf (porani), but she seems very comfortable with this and even says negative things about women who don’t wear a head covering or women who dress suggestively and wear makeup (like Westerners). When her and her father first move to Kabul, Jameela is shocked by the women there who wear short skirts, makeup, and no head covering, and have parties where they dance and drink – all of these things are forbidden by their religion and Jameela thinks they are immodest and shameful. Jameela is very religions and doesn’t like it when others don’t take their prayers and their faith seriously.
One of the most shocking episodes in the book was when one of Jameela’s friends wears a tight, low-cut dress with no head covering and when men bump into her on purpose and a boy grabs her breast, Jameela thinks it’s funny. The thinks it’s the girl’s fault for wearing those clothes and inviting harassment – it’s not the men who are at fault. This is very different from our Western view, where women have equal rights and sexual harassment is taken very seriously. Jameela seems very judgmental and even mean at times, because of her religious beliefs and social customs – it is very unsettling to an American reader who is not used to that type of thought.
It’s also very disturbing that her father leaves immediately after his wife dies and soon makes the hasty decision to marry another woman who he didn’t know very well and Jameela had never even met before. It seems incredible to an American reader that her father just announces that this strange woman would be Jameela’s new mother. This is definitely something that would not happen in the United States. One of Jameela’s friends at the orphanage (who is a teenage girl), also meets a boy and is married to him within a few weeks, without really knowing him very well. Apparently this is not something that is shocking and strange to the people there, as it would be in the United States, where our beliefs and customs surrounding marriage are much different.
The book also deals with the American invasion of Afghanistan, but doesn’t go into great detail, so some prior knowledge is assumed. There are mentions of foreigners bombing them, American military machines (and before the Americans, it was the Russians), and Taliban rule. Jameela’s mother’s entire family had been killed by a bomb dropped on a family wedding celebration. Jameela had to help pick up body parts and bury them all. Death is a part of life there – there are lots of funerals, many people had been killed by mines, drought, disease, war, and other causes. She has a lot of resentment and anger about the American soldiers killing her innocent family members, so she has very mixed feelings about the soldiers who help out at the orphanage. Jameela says “they are powerful and we are not” and her friend tells her, “first the soldiers break our country, now they want to fix it.” Because of the general distrust of the American soldiers, the other girls at the orphanage tell Jameela not to get the surgery to correct her cleft lip (although she ultimately decides to go ahead with it).
Overall, I enjoyed the book and thought it was a cultural authentic and compelling story. I also think it’s an important book because our students should to read and learn more about life in other countries and cultures that are very different from their own. But because there are so many cultural differences and issues dealt with in the story (without much explanation), the subject matter would make it a complicated and difficult read for younger kids with no background knowledge. Amazon lists the book for age 10 and up (grades 4 and up), but I would only suggest this book for students in grades 7 and up. Even though the reading level is not difficult, the subject matter makes it harder to comprehend if the student doesn’t have enough background knowledge.