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Institutes of Oratory: or, Education of an Orator

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.

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730 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 95

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About the author

Quintilian

742 books32 followers
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus or Quintilian (c. 35 – c. 100) was a Roman rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing.

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Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews
Profile Image for Uroš Đurković.
902 reviews229 followers
August 2, 2022
Zaboravite self-helpove, lajf-koučing, tutorijale, kurseve. Kvintlijan je bio tu pre svih.
I ne da je bio, nego je razbio. „Obrazovanje govornika” je metodički superpriručnik, riznica pedagoških, retoričkih, pravnih i filoloških znanja, kao i sjajan uvod u veštine javne komunikacije. Kvintilijan piše onako kako bi i govorio, odnosno, za razliku od mnogih, ne praveći razliku između usmenog i pisanog. Štaviše, pismo je za njega prvenstveno prilika za novi život govora, iako govor zna da bude još podsticajniji kada imamo samo okvir o kome se priča, ne i sve fiksirano tekstom.

Važno je istaći da je Kvintilijan imao poseban pogled na govorništvo kao instituciju. Ono je bilo čak nadmoćno u odnosu na filozofiju – slobodnije i delikatnije („Filozofija se može simulirati. Govorništvo ne.” (509)). Pritom, u skladu sa antičkim idealom jedinstva funkcije i forme, Kvintilijan tvrdi kako se „zao čovjek i dobar govornik ne mogu nikad naći u jednoj osobi” (492). Govornik, dakle, nije samo neko ko vlada veštinom, ko je ubedljiv i efikasan, već neko ko je moralan, uzoran primer čoveka – jer, kao što su životinjama darovane različite sklonosti u odnosu na njihovu sredinu, čovek je obdaren govorom (167) i usavršavanje govora je vrhunsko samopotvrđivanje čovekove prirode. Onaj ko umesno i umešno barata rečima, on je predvodnik čovečanstva. Ipak, krajnji zaključak celog Kvintilijanovog pisanja je ipak malo drukčiji – čak iako sva pravila i preporuke ne dopru do učenika, najvažnija je volja da se radi pošteno (549). Bez čestitosti – džaba. Ima u ovom zahtevu nečeg iskupljujuće nesavremenog. O poštenju se vrlo često govori kao o nečemu starinskom i prevaziđenom i kao takvo često služi ljudima pre kao fasada, značka, nego unutrašnji pokretač. Složena je to tema – kao i, na primer, pojam dekadencije, kojim Kvintilijan opisuje stil i manir njegovih savremenika (8) u, dakle, prvom veku nove ere! Dekadencija i kriza su, izgleda, jedne od retkih stalnosti istorije. Jato problema je transepohalno.

Za Kvintilijana osnovna vrlina govorničke veštine je jasnoća (128). Jasnoća i mera. Treba imati izuzetan osećaj i gipkost duha da bi se došlo do prave mere između muklosti i raspričanosti. Držanje, boja glasa, pokreti, ali i emocije treba da budu saobrazne prilici i publici. Za uspešno govorenje neophodan je i talenat (177), stalno i posvećeno vežbanje (407), kao i osećaj za prikladnost i vrlinu. Da bi bio ubedljiv, neophodno je da govornik bude na stalnom putu saznanja, da se obrazuje u oblastima koje su mu vrlo daleke i da stalno povezuje svoja obraćanja sa stvarnošću (418). Sama tehnika govorenja se najbolje poboljšava svakodnevnim i pažljivim pisanjem, kao i obraćanjem. Čak i kad ne možemo naći publiku, pre vredi govoriti sam sa sobom, nego se povinovati ćutanju. Zanimljivo je koliko Kvintilijan poštovanja i pažnja posvećuje učenju napamet, kao vrhunskoj tehnici za razvijanje umnih kapaciteta i nečemu što omogućuje neophodnu zalihu „najboljih riječi i izraza” (421). S tim u vezi, mnoge stranice su posvećene stilskim figurama, ali pre kao prepoznavanju strategija, nego kao diktata primene. Fascinantno je koliko su se, imajući u vidu savremene teorijske priručnike, Kvintilijanova objašnjenja stilskih figura malo menjala. Osim o stilskim figurama, Kvintilijan piše o vrednosti humora i vrstama šala, ali čak i o akustičkim svojstvima glasa. Govor, kao retko šta, odaje nečiji način života (435) – on je ključan i delikatan pokazatelj identiteta i osnova za povezivanje. Pišući i o najsitnijim pojedinostima vezanim za govorništvo, Kvintilijan čak spominje kako je za uspešno obavljanje govorničkog posla neophodno i dobro zdravlje, uredna probava i nezaokupljenost drugim mislima (448). I dok sve to piše, uspeva da, začuđujuće, izbegne zamku norme – ako nešto iznova ponavlja, to je da u govorništvu univerzalnih pravila zapravo i nema, ali da je dobro poznavati očekivan, oprobani tok i već utvrđene osnove, da bi se neko mogao postaviti u odnosu na njih. To me je podsetilo na jednu od retkih zaista pametnih stvari koje je Milija Nikolić rekao – metodika se ne uči, metodika se stvara. S tim u vezi, zaista je dirljivo koliko Kvintilijanova fleksibilnost živo dopire do našeg vremena. Odjekuje i tamo gde se ne bi očekivalo.
Profile Image for Evan Leach.
466 reviews163 followers
November 11, 2013
The Institutes of Oratory (Institutio Oratoria), published around the year 95, is an exhaustive study of rhetoric by Marcus Fabius Quintilianus. The book is sometimes cited as the premiere source for information on the Roman educational system, but this doesn’t really give the complete picture. Quintilian’s goal was to create the definitive guidebook for an ideal, perfect orator. Rhetorical training was the capstone in every educated Roman’s education (roughly the equivalent of a college education today), so Quintilian’s text spends plenty of time on the education of aspiring orators. But the book goes far beyond education and reaches into more technical areas of rhetorical theory, effective delivery, and even Roman legal procedure.

img: Quintilian
Statue of Quintilian in Calahorra, Spain.

The book starts out with a proposed curriculum for young would-be-orators, before quickly delving into the different types of oratory and getting into a pretty technical discussion of their various components. Quintilian discusses arrangement and presentation, the past contributions of Latin and Greek authors to rhetoric (interesting) and their value to contemporary rhetoricians, and the importance of subject matter and tone. He even closes with a section on how to properly spend one’s retirement, making this a true “cradle to the grave” guidebook.

At the core of Quintilian’s theory is that the perfect orator must be a genuinely good person (although I thought his argument was undermined by at least one section where he condoned lying through one’s teeth, so long as it increased your chances of victory). Quintilian was one of the finest speakers of his day, and his writing is as strong as you would expect. Readers will learn a great deal about rhetorical theory that is applicable in any era, a lot about Roman law, and a smattering of other random factoids relevant to the Roman world.

But this is a long book, and it can get very dry at times, and too often it felt like a slog. If this was a 100 page overview of the subject, I might have given it a higher rating. But at 5-6 times that length, I just can’t recommend this to anyone but a specialist on Roman education or law. Interesting and illuminating at times, but not anything I would recommend for pleasure. 2.5 stars, just “OK.”
39 reviews1 follower
June 1, 2023
Dit was een pittig boek om doorheen te komen, maar geeft zeer veel inzichten, met name hoe we een rechter in de rechtszaal kunnen overtuigen. Daarom zeker een must read voor advocaten (in spé).
Het boek geeft veel voorbeelden uit de klassieke tijd, maar ondanks dat zijn de voorbeelden soms wel erg grappig. Met name hierdoor begint het boek te leven, en lijkt het alsof quintilianus je toespreekt.
Na honderden pagina's blijkt uiteindelijk dat het nog moeilijk is uit te leggen wanneer je een goede redenaar bent...
Profile Image for Pablo María Fernández.
494 reviews21 followers
March 1, 2021
Releyéndolo entendí por qué fue un clásico que se usó durante siglos (hasta el XVIII) para formar oradores. Todo lo que el resto de libros que leí sobre el tema tratan de forma parcial y superficial la mayor de las veces, Quintiliano lo aborda con una mirada amplia: no da técnicas sueltas de oratoria sino que aspira a formar personas completas que dominen el arte de la retórica. Le escapa a ese monigote que hace grandes ademanes intentando persuadir a una audiencia para su conveniencia: el orador debe ser alguien versado en las artes y en las ciencias que sepa “enseñar, dar gusto y mover”.

Propone un programa integral que empieza desde que el aprendiz es un chico: qué debe aprender (idiomas -griego y latín-, música, gramática, etc.) y por qué, en qué orden, qué autores leer (Homero y Virgilio, infaltables), qué tipo de maestro es recomendable, y así da una guía exhaustiva donde no sólo aconseja sino que justifica el por qué lo considera la mejor opción. Pero a la vez tiene la precaución de dedicar todo un capítulo a reflexionar sobre por qué no hay que ser rígido con las reglas y cómo debe adoptarse una actitud abierta a lo que necesite la circunstancia.

Cita a los grandes como Cicerón, Sócrates y Platón para coincidir o disentir con ellos. Hay por ejemplo capítulos enteros donde repasa miradas reduccionistas sobre la oratoria -las que la consideran solo el buen decir- y refuta una a una para llegar a su propia definición.

Tiene algo de fascinante leer obras pedagógicas que formaron a varias generaciones anteriores; hablan de la cosmovisión, de los valores, de lo que se alababa y de lo que se repudiaba. Nos permiten espiar durante un rato qué consideraban importante como para transmitirlo a sus hijos -y de paso aprender algunas cosas que aún hoy siguen vigentes-.

Más sobre esta reseña y otras en:
https://pablomariafernandez.substack....
Profile Image for Joseph.
24 reviews2 followers
October 7, 2021
Quintilian's work is huuuuuge, but justifiably so. Set out and accomplished his intent for an authoritative treatise on the art of oratory.
Profile Image for Marta Guerrero.
300 reviews1 follower
August 9, 2025
He leído los libros I, II y X, y me gusta por ser reflejo de cómo veían la educación en la época, lo que me ha hecho reflexionar sobre la actual.
22 reviews
September 1, 2023
Als je geïnteresseerd bent in retorica (net als mij) dan is dit boek geweldig, want het geeft een complete uitleg/beschrijving van het vakgebied. Er staan veel leerzame theorieën en praktische tips in.
In één woord: perfect.
Profile Image for Corinne  Blackmer.
133 reviews8 followers
June 27, 2021
From public declamation to the arrangement of argument--here it is, the greatest and most complete examination of the rhetor--the human being who can speak persuasively and yet morally to all kinds of audiences.
45 reviews
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April 9, 2020
I used this book for a thesis paper for school on oratory, the language can be quite hard to read but after a while you get used to it.
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