Typologie

by C.G. Jung

Die Typologie der menschlichen Psyche ist ein zentraler Aspekt des Werkes von C.G. Jung. Jung stellt dabei die beiden Grundtypen der Extraversion und der Intraversion gegenüber, je nachdem, ob die seelischen Energien vorwiegend nach außen, auf die Objekte, oder nach innen, auf das Selbst, gerichtet sind. Jeder der beiden Typen erhält von Jung noch vier Funktionen zu geschrieben: Denken, Fühlen, Empfinden und Intuition. Diese Typologie ordnet Jung dann in die Beschreibung des Individuationsprozesses ein: Im Bewußtwerden der beiden Grundtypen und der vier Funktionen kann das Individuum zu seiner Ganzheit finden. Dabei ist die Typenlehre kein System zur Schematisierung, sondern ein Weg, sich im Entwicklungsprozeß zu orientieren und Verständnis für sich und die Welt zu finden.

Genres: Psychology, Nonfiction, Collections, Psychoanalysis, Science

272 pages, Paperback

First published August 1, 1997

About the author

Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/; German: [ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf jʊŋ]), often referred to as C. G. Jung, was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of extraversion and introversion; archetypes, and the collective unconscious. His work has been influential in psychiatry and in the study of religion, philosophy, archeology, anthropology, literature, and related fields. He was a prolific writer, many of whose works were not published until after his death.

The central concept of analytical psychology is individuation—the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy. Jung considered individuation to be the central process of human development.

Jung created some of the best known psychological concepts, including the archetype, the collective unconscious, the complex, and synchronicity. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a popular psychometric instrument, has been developed from Jung's theory of psychological types.

Though he was a practising clinician and considered himself to be a scientist, much of his life's work was spent exploring tangential areas such as Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, and sociology, as well as literature and the arts. Jung's interest in philosophy and the occult led many to view him as a mystic, although his ambition was to be seen as a man of science. His influence on popular psychology, the "psychologization of religion", spirituality and the New Age movement has been immense.

Reviews

[Simon · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book cleared up a lot of things in C. G. Jung's Analytical Psychology which used to confuse me. In particular his model of the human mind's four basic psychological functions: Sensation, thinking, feeling and intuition. A key element is that out of these 4 functions one is usually either repressed enough to only exert power unconsciously, or just insufficiently developed which inevitably causes problems along the way, something Jung calls ”the inferior function”.

Here Jung also cuts out in cardboard the basics of his extraversion/introversion duality, concepts he invented and which are often misrepresented in popular culture. For example he compares this contrast to Friedrich Nietzsche's Dionysian/Apollinian duality, a parallel which eluded me until now. Likewise, until reading this I had no idea about Jung's influence from William James especially when it comes to his analysis of religion, which has made me more curious about reading that author. In addition to Nietzsche, there are also interesting analyses of Darwin and Kant to be found in here.

I can recommend this to people who have similar issues with C. G. Jung as I do, namely finding the exact meaning of his idiosyncratic jargon unclear as well as not always understanding his model of the human mind's interlocking functions. I find several of Jung's disciples such as Marie Louise von Franz and Tom Chetwynd much better at doing that, but it should be made clear that their ideas either depart from Jung's or expand upon them in significant ways so I do not consider them completely valid substitutes.

[Mind the Book · Rating 3 out of 5]

Oväntat svårläst, när Jung själv förklarar sin typlära. Var enda liten TikTok:are har hört talas om extraversion och introversion i vår tid. Det är nästan så man famlar efter Myers-Briggs och '16 personalities'-varianterna i en akademisk regression.

Ett lite rörande inslag är sektionen med den alfabetiska översikt Jung säger sig insisterat på att ha med, för att hans begrepp ofta missförståtts, även 'själ', 'identitet'och 'omedvetna' tas upp. Just 'typ' definierar han som "ett exempel eller mönsterbild som på ett betecknande sätt återger karaktären hos en art eller ett allmänt förhållande". I slutorden motiverar han teoribildningen och tillvägagångssättet med "Något annat kännetecken skulle lika väl kunna bilda utgångspunkt för en klassificering. Det är bara det att intet annat har synts mig äga lika stor praktisk betydelse."

I Fordhams bok stod det att varje analysand hos Jung kategoriserades med en beteckning om typ. Jag kan se det framför mig, hur han själv noterade det i indexkorten vid skrivbordet i Küsnacht som essentiell information utöver klientens kontaktuppgifter och anamnes-anteckningar. För 100 år sedan.

Fann en fin svensk 70-talsutgåva på Bokbörsen. Självsprättad och screentryckig, med ett bedårande tryckfel i titeln, TYPOLGI. (a TYPO! for crying out loud, vad skulle Freud sagt). Ska be goodreadsgudarna lägga in den bilden, om det går.