Philip Levine (b. January 10, 1928, Detroit, Michigan. d. February 14, 2015, Fresno, California) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet best known for his poems about working-class Detroit.
He taught for over thirty years at the English Department of California State University, Fresno and held teaching positions at other universities as well. He is appointed to serve as the Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012.
Philip Levine grew up in industrial Detroit, the second of three sons and the first of identical twins of Jewish immigrant parents. His father, Harry Levine owned a used auto parts business, his mother Esther Priscol (Prisckulnick) Levine was a bookseller. When Levine was five years old, his father died. Growing up, he faced the anti-Semitism embodied by the pro-Hitler radio priest Father Coughlin.
Levine started to work in car manufacturing plants at the age of 14. He graduated from Detroit Central High School in 1946 and went to college at Wayne University (now Wayne State University) in Detroit, where he began to write poetry, encouraged by his mother, to whom he later dedicated the book of poems The Mercy. Levine got his A.B. in 1950 and went to work for Chevrolet and Cadillac in what he calls "stupid jobs". He married his first wife Patty Kanterman in 1951. The marriage lasted until 1953. In 1953 he went to the University of Iowa without registering, studying among others with poets Robert Lowell and John Berryman, the latter of which Levine called his "one great mentor". In 1954 he graduated with a mail-order masters degree with a thesis on John Keats' "Ode to Indolence", and married actress Frances J. Artley. He returned to the University of Iowa teaching technical writing, completing his Master of Fine Arts degree in 1957. The same year, he was awarded the Jones Fellowship in Poetry at Stanford University. In 1958 he joined the English Department at California State University in Fresno, where he taught until his retirement in 1992. He has also taught at many other universities, among them New York University as Distinguished Writer-in-Residence, at Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Tufts, and the University of California at Berkeley.
This book appeared in about the middle of Philip Levine's career. Every once in a while I find myself taking one of his books from the shelf, and the poetry pulls me in and all the way through it. No one writes in an elegiac voice of labour as he does. I was thinking of using some quotations, but find that cut-out lines do not do him justice. His respect for humanity -working, loving, giving, taking, wins, losses - is something I can't seem to find so fully in today's writers.
Here in the great cemetery behind the fortress of Barcelona I have come once more to see the graves of my fallen. Two ancient picnickers direct us down the hill. "Durruti," says the man, ”I was on his side.” The woman hushes him. All the way down this is a city of the dead, 871,251 difuntos. The poor packed in tenements a dozen high; the rich in splendid homes or temples. So nothing has changed except for the single unswerving fact: they are all dead. Here is the Plaza of Saint Jaime, here the Rambla of San Pedro, so every death still has a mailing address, but since this is Spain the mail never comes or comes too late to be of use. Between the cemetary and the Proestant burial ground we find the three stones all in a row: Ferrer Guardia, B. Durruti, F. Ascaso, the names written with marking pens, and a few circled A’s and tributes to the FAI and CNT. For two there are floral displays, but Ascaso faces eternity with only a stone. Maybe as it should be. He was a stone, a stone and a blade, the first grinding and sharpening the other. Half his 36 years were spent in prisons or on the run, and yet in that last photograph taken less than an hour before he died, he stands in a dark suit, smoking, a rifle slung behind his shoulder, and glances sideways at the camera half smiling. It is July 20, 1936, and before the darkness falls a darkness will have fallen on him. While the streets are echoing with victory and revolution, Francisco Ascaso will take up the hammered little blade of his spirit and enter for the last time the republics of death. I remember his words to a frightened comrade who questioned the wisdom of attack: ”We have gathered here to die, but we don’t have to die with dogs, so go.” Forty-one years ago, and now the city stretches as far as the eye can see, huge cement columns like nails pounded into the once green meadows of the Llobregat. Your Barcelona is gone, the old town swallowed in industrial filth and the burning mists of gasoline. Only the police remain, armed and arrogant, smiling masters of the boulevards, the police and your dream of the city of God, where every man and every woman gives and receives the gifts of work and care, and that dream goes on in spite of slums, in spite of death clouds, the roar of trucks, the harbor staining the mother sea, it goes on in spite of all that mocks it. We have it here growing in our hearts, as your comrade said, and when we give it up with our last breaths someone will gasp it home to their lives. Francisco, stone, knife blade, single soldier still on the run down the darkest street of all, we will be back across an ocean and a continent to bring you red carnations, to celebrate the unbroken promise of your life that once was frail and flesh.
Born 1928. Grew up in Detroit. Levine writes about working class Americans and Jewish immigrant experience. 7 Years from Somewhere won the 1979 National Book Critics Circle Award.