This book, written by an ex-CIA agent in the mid-1970s is both an autobiographical account of around 20 years of the author's life, from recruitment and training by the CIA to exit from the Agency and disillusionment with a number of aspects of US foreign policy, as well as a stunning expose of the ways the CIA influences politics and public affairs throughout the WH, and the world. The book was both fascinating and boring in that it was difficult to keep up with the unending parade of names and actions, which were mostly repetitive behind the scenes public opinion manipulation, information collection and dissemination to HQ and other CIA stations in Latin America, rather than the cloak-and-dagger operations portrayed in movies or spy novels. The effectiveness of the Agency depends on recruiting agents in the countries in which they operate, especially countries with Cuban, North Korean, Chinese, and at that time, Soviet embassies, consulates and so forth, in order to get these countries to expel the communist country representatives and hopefully even break off diplomatic relations with said countries. The local agents are usually in the country's military or police force, but also can be in student or labor union groups. Once they are recruited, they are expected to report back with information, and eventually they are put on the Agency payroll. Information developed by the CIA may be shared with sympathetic members of the country's political leadership, the military, especially military intelligence, and the police. The important thing is to continue to guarantee that governments that are friendly to the US and US business interests remain in power - and at least in the decades of the 1960s-1970s, nothing was really off the table with respect to accomplishing that goal. Many military coups were orchestrated or helped in some way by the CIA, such as the one in Chile that overthrew democratically-elected Allende; otherwise, there may be US military invasions such as the invasion of the Dominican Republic. The US may give Latin American countries millions of dollars for police and military members to attend training programs in the US or Mexico. In those days, as well, the AFL-CIO cooperated with the CIA in setting up alternative "democratic" unions in hopes of luring away workers who had become members of leftist-oriented unions. Money was poured into CIA stations in Latin American countries to pay local agents salaries. The local agents in turn might form their own sub-networks, and so forth. There were also extensive phone-tapping, letter-opening, surveillance, and bugging efforts. Not only are the activities described in detail, but the names of numerous CIA agents and the local recruits, as well as the names of CIA-influenced local organizations (student and union groups) are revealed. Later in the book, once the author's evolution from cold warrior to leftist has occurred, the author states that he hopes the revelations will help revolutionary groups throughout Latin America. It was after the book was published that Mr. Agee was expelled from several European countries and eventually found a safe haven in Cuba although he did manage to travel abroad once in settled in Cuba. He has complimentary things to say about Cuba in the final pages of the book. Although I must admit I have not kept up with Latin American current events, the economic situation he describes that was in place then in most of Latin America, with extreme income inequality and more money flowing to the US rather than from the US because of the economic system which was based on the US buying their goods (such as bananas, coffee, and cacao) at the cheapest possible price, while we sell them high-priced value-added goods such as machinery, which means that these countries remain perpetually mired in deep debt and underdevelopment, this system of exploitation probably is still is place in most of Latin America, and the dreadful conditions of poverty that result must explain the unending flood of Latino migrants heading to the Southern border, year in and year out. Had there been a fairer system in place, had there been better educational and health facilities, better housing, better pay, most of the migrants probably would have never undertaken the journey to the Rio Grande and the US border. The author's critique is based on an economic analysis: He states that the repression in Latin America is needed to sustain an exploitative system that sustains a wealthy minority both in Latin America and the US, so that the system is mutually reinforcing, transcends national borders, but is instead based on trans national ruling class "solidarity."
You have to wonder what Agee would have said about the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe around 15 years after he wrote his book, as well as the pro-capitalist reform undertaken in China after Mao passed away and his radical faction was defeated by the pragmatists headed by Deng. At least in China, the result has been an economic transformation, much more development than that achieved under communism during the roughly 30 years Mao ruled China. China is unique in that the Chinese Communist Party is still in control despite the capitalist economic system in place. What the developments of the past 30 or 40 years seem to show is that capitalism, despite its flaws, at least potentially can deliver a higher standard of living, generate wealth and so forth, much more so than communism. There is definitely income inequality under capitalism - which can lead to social stress.
The US now has an extreme level of income inequality, and the rise of Donald Trump is one result, as people turn to demagogues if they lose social status or income, which is what happened with the economic collapse of 2008. I do not think Trump would have been as successful had the 2008 recession not occurred, with its millions of layoffs, foreclosures and so forth. The world that emerged afterwards was one where those that allowed the collapse to happen never were held accountable for the massive damage the collapse caused, while the ordinary people who were victims of their actions, paid the price. The new jobs afterwards were mostly precarious, and millions slipped out of middle class security into an economically precarious existence. Trump was pie-in-the-sky in his promises but was able to capitalize on the angst of large sections of the electorate fed up with the way the political class - of both political parties - had evidently sold them out. Unfortunately, although Trump's economic policies did lead to an upturn by 2019, the pandemic led to another downturn from which the economy has mostly recovered, but again, things are not exactly as they were before, which explains why Trump, despite the indictments, remains as popular if not even more popular than before, among working-class voters. Trump very effectively enunciates the socio-economic stress of the displaced working class, for whom a permanent, well-paying job was all. This is why he remains popular, despite his clownishness, bigotry and outbursts; the underlying message is working-class rage at the system that let them down. Trump is no revolutionary of course - so his solution is more of the same system that led to the debacle of 2008, which is why his message is akin to fool's gold. It is too good to be true, because it isn't true. Trump is as much a globalist as the rest of the political class in the US and around the world. A billionaire, he never discusses why he is a billionaire, how he became rich, why most people are not rich, and the fact that most of his followers are displaced working-class people, victims, really of the very system that made him rich and keeps them struggling or even, poor. His many supporters must simply sense that he will fight for them, and that that is enough - because he is the only politician that seems to understand their plight. Unfortunately, the system is based on greed rather than morality or fairness; communism on the other hand was based on coercion, with social pressure to conform and support the system. It therefore also lacked morality or fairness. Each system is flawed.
But, back to the review of Philip Agee's "Inside the Company: CIA Diary." I would say that all in all, it is a fascinating book, but also rather boring in that the projects are always the same, with few exceptions. A very sad passage described how he gave the name of a leftist to a government official in Uruguay and when he was visiting the official, heard screaming from a nearby room. He later found out it was the man whose name he had given to the police, thinking they would only keep him under surveillance or only question him, rather than torture him. Mr. Agee was involved in campaigns that were designed to ruin lives of leftists, or even bring down governments, through the fabrication of endless propaganda, articles, and actual forgeries of documents. The objective was to keep communism out of Latin America, so that the pro-American, pro-capitalist system could continue. Although this book is almost 50 years old, I would recommend it to anyone who wants to find out how the CIA operated in those decades of the Vietnam War, Watergate etc.
Here are the quotes:
"Operations designed to promote the adoption by a foreign government of a particular policy vis-a-vis communism are termed political-action operations." "...the ...LYNX List ...is a list of about 100 communists and other activists of the extreme left whom the station considers the most dangerous. The LYNX List is a requirement for all Western Hemisphere stations, to be maintained in case a local government in time of crisis should ask (or be asked by the U.S. government) for assistance in the emergency preventive detention of dangerous persons." "[In June 1961, the President of Ecuador Velasco] ...said that communism should be attacked not by police repression but through the elimination of misery, hunger, sickness and ignorance." "The main public security force in Uruguay is the Montevideo Police Department...with which liaison relations date to just before World War II when the FBI was monitoring the considerable pro-Nazi tendencies in Uruguay and Argentina." "...April 1964: It's all over for Goulart in Brazil much faster and easier than most expected." "U.S. recognition of the new military government is practically immediate...indicative, I suppose, of the euphoria in Washington now that two and a half years of operations to prevent Brazil's slide to the left under Goulart have suddenly bloomed." "...the Rio station and its larger bases were financing the mass urban demonstrates against the Goulart government, proving the old themes of God, country, family and liberty to be effective as ever." "The military takeover...has been rather badly received here in Uruguay because Goulart was popularly elected..." "It's clear that the Rio station is going all out to support the military government..." "Headquarters has begun to generate hemisphere-wide propaganda in support of the new Brazilian government and to discredit Goulart." "...President Johnson [decided] ...that an all-out effort must be made not only to prevent a counter-coup and insurgency in the short run in Brazil, but also to build up their security forces as fast and as effectively as possible for the long run. Never again an Brazil be permitted to slide off to the left..." "The political currents here [in Uruguay] are running against the new military government in Brazil..." "The Brazilian government...has begun to pressure the Uruguayans in different ways so that Goulart and his supporters in exile here will be forbidden to engage in political activities." "Leonel Brizola, leader of the far-left in the Goulart government and Goulart's brother-in-law, arrived here in exile and the Brazilian government has asked that both he and Goulart be interned. If interned they will have to live in an interior city without freedom of movement around the country which would make control much easier." "The Santiago station has a really big operation going to keep Salvador Allende from being elected President. He was almost elected at the last elections in 1958, and this time nobody's taking any chances." "...July 1964:...we are spending money in the Chilean election practically like we did in Brazil two years ago." "June 1965:...it's the immense scale of this invasion [of the Dominican Republic] that shocks. On the other hand, full-scale military invasion is the logical final step when all other tools of counter-insurgency fail." "...the stabilization programs imposed by the International Monetary Fund...hurt the low-and middle-income groups harder than the rich." "...September 1965: The 20 September resolution by the House of Representatives in Washington is causing an outrage here [in Uruguay] and in other parts of Lain America. The resolution attributes to the U.S. or any other American state the right to unilateral military intervention in other American states if necessary to keep communism out of the Western Hemisphere." "The Dominican invasion started me thinking about what we are really doing here in Latin America. On the one hand the spread of the Cuban revolution has been stopped and the counter-insurgency programs are successful in most places. Communist subversion at least is being controlled. But the other side, the positive side of reforming the injustices that make communism attractive, just isn't making progress." "The more I think about the Dominican invasion the more I wonder whether the politicians in Washington really want to see reforms in Latin America." "What's the benefit in eliminating subversion if the injustices continue?" "If we...seek to strengthen this and other similarly clique-serving governments only because they are anti-communists, then we're reduced to promoting one type of injustice in order to avoid another." "Six years in Lain America have taught me that the injustices forced by small ruling minorities on the mass of the people cannot be eased sufficiently by reform movements such as the Alliance for Progress. The ruling class will never willingly give up its special privileges and comforts. This is class warfare and is the reason why communism appeals to the masses in the first place. We call this the "fee world," but the only freedom under these circumstances is the rich people's freedom to exploit the poor." "...conventional reform does not work, and to me it is clear that the only real solutions are those advocated by the communists and other of the extreme left." "The only real alternative to injustice in Latin America is socialism..." "...the two main forces in the 1910-20 [Mexican] Revolution were agrarian reform and economic nationalism, the latter of increasing importance after U.S. military occupation of Veracruz in support of the side seeking a return to pre-1910 conditions. However, struggles over the degree and immediacy of implementing the Revolution's goals produced a civil war that claimed over a million lives, perhaps two million, by the time it ended in the 1920s. Many of the Revolution's leaders were among its victims." "...the [Lazaro] Cardenas regime [1934-40] is ...considered to be the culmination of the Revolution's goal to recover industry and natural resources from foreign control." "...the original goals of social justice and equitable distribution of income disappeared following the Cardenas regime." "...is not the PRI--and the revolutionary process earlier--simply the instrument of the industrial, professional and business communities and the servant of the top 5 per cent? Why...are the supposed beneficiaries of the Mexican Revolution still the most deprived some fifty years after the fighting ended in victory?" "Because of the strategic importance of Mexico to the U.S., its size and proximity, and the abundance of enemy activities, the Mexico City station is the largest in the hemisphere." "Mexico City - 19 September 1968: Last night...the government seized the National University in violation of the University's traditional autonomy. [Minister of Government Luis] Echeverria justified this invasion by saying that the University has been used for political rather than for educational purposes." "Mexico City - 28 October 1968: Suddenly [the Olympics are]... all over--capped by the gushing of color and sound from what must have been history's most spectacular display of fireworks. As of today we can all begin again to weigh whether this two-week circus was really worth all the bloodshed, and whether Mexico lost more prestige by killing protesters than it gained by putting on the Games." "The CIA ...is nothing more than the secret police of American capitalism, plugging up leaks in the political dam night and day so that shareholders of U.S. companies operating in poor countries can continue enjoying the rip-off." "A book on the CIA could also illustrate how the interests of the privileged minorities in poor counties lead back to, and are identified with, the interests of the rich and powerful who control the U.S." "I have also decided to seek ways of getting useful information on the CIA to revolutionary organizations that could use it to defend themselves better." "...the liberal concept of society...attempts to pain out the irreconcilable class conflicts..." "The result of this class conception, of seeing that class identity comes before nationality, leads to rejection of liberal reform as the continuous renovating process leading step by step to the better society. Reform...is fundamentally a maneuver by the ruling class in capitalist society, the capitalists, to allow exploitation to continue, to give a little in order to avoid losing everything." "Flight to cities by rural unemployed continued with the cities unable to absorb them productively." "Since the 1960s...as the psychological appeal of peaceful reform diminished in the face of failure, compensatory measures have been increasingly needed: repression and special programs, as in the field of organized labor, to divide the victims and neutralize their leaders." "...these are the crutches given by the capitalist rulers of the U.S. to their counterparts in Latin America in order to obtain reciprocal support against threats to American capitalism." "Reforms are temporary palliatives that can never eliminate the exploitative relationship on which capitalism is based." "...in Havana I could arrange to get information on the CIA to interested Latin American revolutionary organizations through their representatives..."