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Tarih ve Tekerrür

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Bu kitap Karatani’nin Batı’da Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesini, Japonya’daysa Şowa imparatorunun ölümünü takip eden çalkantılı dönemde kaleme aldığı denemelerden oluşuyor – iki istisnayla: Birincisi, doksanlarda yazılmış ve Marx’ın Louis Bonaparte’ın On Sekiz Brumaire’i adlı eserine son derece özgün bir yorum getiren yazısı; ikincisi ise yenilerde yazılmış “Japonya’da Tarih ve Tekerrür” başlıklı denemesi. İlk bakışta sadece Japonya’yla ilgiliymiş gibi görünen bu denemeler, Karatani’nin deyişiyle “esasen devletin ve sermayenin döngüsel doğasına dair” olduğundan tek bir ülkenin ve belli bir dönemin sınırlarını aşıyor. Sözgelimi, Japonya’da faşizmin tüm erkeklerin oy verme hakkını yasalaştıran Taişo demokrasisinin kurulmasından sonra ortaya çıkmasını, Fransa’da Louis Bonaparte’ın ve Almanya’da Nazi Partisi’nin iktidara temsili sistem aracılığıyla gelmesiyle kıyaslıyor Karatani. Buradan da, faşizmin temsili demokrasinin içinden doğduğu gibi ilk bakışta paradoksal görünen bir tespite varıyor.
“Tarihin incelenmesinin sebebi aslında tam da bir kez olup biten bir fenomen olmaması ve tekrarlanma olasılığını muhafaza etmesidir,” diyen Karatani’ye göre asıl mesele, geçmişteki olayları tek tek ele almaktan ziyade tarihteki tekrar örüntüsünü görebilmek. Peki geçmişteki kötü tecrübelerden ders almak tarihin tekerrür etmesini önler mi? Karatani’nin cevabı, benzer olayların yaşanması önlense bile “yapı”nın tekrarlanmaya devam edeceği yönünde.
Tarih ve Tekerrür’ün özellikle Türkiyeli okurlara hitap eden bir yönü ise, Asya ile Batı arasında kalan Japonya’nın her daim tedirgin konumunun bizlere oldukça tanıdık gelmesi. Kitabın Türkçe basımı için özel bir önsöz yazan Karatani’nin Japonya’da yaşanan ideolojik çatışmalara dair belirlemeleri, ülkemizde olup bitenlere de ışık tutacak nitelikte.
Kitapta ayrıca Kenzaburo Oe, Yukio Mişima ve Haruki Murakami gibi çağdaş Japon edebiyatının önemli yazarlarına dair derinlikli analizler de yer alıyor.

240 pages, Paperback

First published November 29, 2011

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About the author

Kōjin Karatani

91 books94 followers
Kōjin Karatani (柄谷 行人 Karatani Kōjin, born August 6, 1941, Amagasaki) is a Japanese philosopher and literary critic.

Karatani was educated at University of Tokyo, where he received a BA in economics and an MA in English literature. The Gunzō Literary Prize, which he received at the age of 27 for an essay on Natsume Sōseki, was his first critical acclaim as a literary critic. While teaching at Hosei University, Tokyo, he wrote extensively about modernity and postmodernity with a particular focus on language, number, and money, concepts that form the subtitle of one of his central books: Architecture as Metaphor.

In 1975, he was invited to Yale University to teach Japanese literature as a visiting professor, where he met Paul de Man and Fredric Jameson and began to work on formalism. Starting from a study of Natsume Sōseki, the variety of the subjects examined by Karatani became so wide that he earned the nickname The Thinking Machine.

Karatani collaborated with novelist Kenji Nakagami, to whom he introduced the works of Faulkner. With Nakagami, he published Kobayashi Hideo o koete (Overcoming Kobayashi Hideo). The title is an ironic reference to “Kindai no chokoku” (Overcoming Modernity), a symposium held in the summer of 1942 at Kyoto Imperial University (now Kyoto University) at which Hideo Kobayashi (whom Karatani and Nakagami did not hold in great esteem) was a participant.

He was also a regular member of ANY, the international architects' conference that was held annually for the last decade of the 20th century and that also published an architectural/philosophical series with Rizzoli under the general heading of Anyone.

Since 1990, Karatani has been regularly teaching at Columbia University as a visiting professor.

Karatani founded the New Associationist Movement (NAM) in Japan in the summer of 2000. NAM was conceived as a counter–capitalist/nation-state association, inspired by the experiment of LETS (Local Exchange Trading Systems, based on non-marketed currency). He was also the co-editor, with Akira Asada, of the Japanese quarterly journal, Hihyōkūkan (Critical Space), until it ended in 2002.

In 2006, Karatani retired from the chair of the International Center for Human Sciences at Kinki University, Osaka, where he had been teaching.

(from Wikipedia)

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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
Profile Image for Anne.
149 reviews4 followers
November 27, 2012
What can I add? Karatani-esque?!? Really liked the essay on Takeda Taijun and Sakaguchi Ango. Say what he will about the death of the author as transcendental locus of meaning--Karatani has a gift for distilling relevant bio-detail and context when he introduces dense texts and potentially turgid ideas. Ex: Takeda's particular interpretation of Buddhism, his disposition to slant given his family background, education, in context of his choice of preferred texts. Since this chapter came on the heels of a discussion that rather levelled Zen buddhism and explored the common intellectual potentials of (monotheisms both) Christianity and True Land Buddhism in Tokugawa, it was well sequenced. Also, though sometimes it seems Karatani has not actually read the books he is talking about, his close readings of both Murakami-H and Oe were intricate, and I could see how they connected lit analysis to KK's mania for singularity and history as multiple asymmetries. Essays are more polished and less jumpy-around than _Origins_, but I suppose one has thirty years of refining and experience to thank for that, as well.
Profile Image for Funda Guzer.
261 reviews
December 16, 2022
Çok çok başarılı. Yazarın ilk okuduğum kitabı olsa idi ikinci kitabını okumak istemeyebilirdim Japon kültürüne yabancı olduğum için. İkinci kitabı olduğu için diğer kitapları da ilgimi çekebilir. Kütüphaneden okuduğum kitap idi.
Profile Image for Cemalettin Kara.
8 reviews1 follower
May 3, 2020
Tarihin olay olarak değik olgu olarak belirli bir döngüyle tekrar ettiği fikrini Japonya tarihi üzerinden anlatılıyor. Bu fikri ve Japonya tarihi üzerine merakı olanlara tavsiye ederim.
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews

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