Book Review: The Testing of Luther Albright by MacKenzie Bezos
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The Testing of Luther Albright is MacKenzie Scott’s debut novel published under her previous name. The 239-page book explores the mental and emotional states and the actions of Luther Albright, who resolves to keep his wife (Liz) and son (Elliot) in a bubble. The book challenges my Weltanschauung in many ways, but two approaches---liminality and duality of interpretation---are particularly worthy of exploration here.
Written from Luther’s point of view, most of the pages of this well-polished literary work portray the protagonist passing through an in-between mental and emotional space. To me, the elegance and mastery of the writer allow for a literal and figurative reading of the text. The surface interpretation of the book is incredibly familiar, so the unorthodox, allegorical interpretation deserves some attention here.
Anthropologist Arnold van Gennep introduced the notion of liminality, which according to the Oxford Dictionary of Critical Theory, characterizes the “phase of transition in which a person is no longer what they were, but is not yet what they will be.” In recent decades the term has become a valuable tool of analysis in discourses across many intellectual disciplines. Liminality in the novel adds to the subtlety and intricate dynamics of the narrative.
The earthquake marks the liminal turn---the threshold. Henceforth, the unfolding state of affairs pushes him farther and farther away from his family. The earthquake that struck Sacramento caused minor damages to Luther’s house. A dam he designed soon has come under investigation in the aftermath of the earthquake. We begin to witness the ornate growth of inner turmoil and moral doubt in Luther and how this strand of behaviour gnaws at his mind further and causes his estrangement from Liz. This period is one of transition and uncertainty for Luther as if it were a rite of passage. Elliot’s behaviour as he grows into an adolescent adds to Luther’s liminal concerns and misgivings.
Luther, who works for the California Department of Water Resources, believes himself a better father than his own. And so it is telling that in a crucial moment of reflection after an encounter with his son, he blames himself: “A better father would have thought to speak a word of affection or wisdom into that silence.” Luther’s irritation and impulsive disposition towards his son reflect a character in transition, encountering liminal experiences. He detests the “minor child irritations” his son causes him. His irritation, for instance, boils over when he sees Elliot working with a naked flame while plumbing around the house. He asks Elliot: ”Jesus Christ, Elliot, what the hell do you think you’re going?” To make amends, Luther immediately tries to soothe his son’s jangled nerves for losing his temper.
In the context of the novel, pregnancy, for example, is transformative and a period full of uncertainty. Pregnancy emerges as a liminal threshold Liz has to navigate skillfully in her marital home. Her wish to be pregnant with Luther’s child soon after their wedding was unanswered. She may not have made a force of it, but as Luther confesses, the husband’s consent is crucial in such a matter. There is a leitmotif here: it derives from the inherent power structure within the patriarchy itself. Even when it proves incompetent, the patriarchy always privileges men. Liz is unaware that Luther has agonizing moments of doubt and self-criticism over his seeming incompetence to impregnate her. This process leads Luther to even “fixate irrationally” on the other needs of Liz he’s been unable to meet. Liz’s journey from pregnancy to giving birth follows a liminal process: waiting on Luther’s willingness to have a baby, the pregnancy, the miscarriage she has had to deal with, and, finally, giving birth to Elliot. The patriarchy dichotomizes roles between male and female and holds that men have more authority than women; men determine the power relations---even if these divisions do not coincide with the distribution of talent and ability in reality. Luther, wanting to protect Liz in every way even though she is stronger than him, speaks to the inherent assumptions of the patriarchy contributing to Luther’s inner struggle. The patriarchy reinforces the liminal experience in the novel.
The moment when Luther confronts Liz over her decision to pin a newspaper clip about philanthropy in the Bay Area that shows “Trish standing between her two daughters on the porch of their hilltop Victorian” to their refrigerator is another pointer to his inner struggle. Luther sees this as a slight meant to prick his pride and cast him, by analogy, as an ineffectual husband. He does not hide his anger. As he later admits, his outrage was misplaced, but his “ego” did not subside quick enough for him to see the reason behind Liz’s envy. Luther’s intellect, temper, and ardour are in transition.
Places also anchor liminal perspectives in the book. For instance, the reader knows that Luther abhors the “oppressive quiet of hotel rooms”. Hotel rooms and hallways signify emptiness and separation. Hotel rooms are places and spaces for temporary presence, and they denote a physical and symbolic transition between a familiar past and an uncertain future. Here the occupant’s thought processes are in flux. The precincts of the hotel mark the physical borderlines of a place that subverts and dampens his spirits; for, he is most comfortable when his wife and son accompany him on a visit to an engineering project away from home. The companionship of the family is reassuring; it privileges presence over absence.
There are passages in the book that reveal Luther’s unbridled anxiety and how this runs away with him while keeping a stiff upper lip. For instance, he worried about Elliot without admitting it to Liz. He says: “I wanted badly to tell her I wasn’t worried about Elliot, although, in fact, I was.” The discrepancy here between the workings of Luther’s mind and his actions portray the turmoil and chaos he is experiencing.
Being immersed in liminal experiences means that it is not uncommon for Luther to engage, as he admits, in mental bewilderment and diversions. Anxiety and trauma intersperse the trajectory of his experiences. Luther has not been forthcoming, and Elliot’s liminal transition into adolescence manifests itself in seemingly challenging ways. As it has become clear to Luther at some point, “Elliot was searching for a new model of conduct to fit his changing circumstances”. And so, not unsurprisingly, when Elliot invites Luther to have a look at something he believes he would like to see, the request set off uncontrollable speculation in Luther’s mind. As Luther puts it: “At this, my pulse raced. I felt a haunted conviction, a certainty that he was finally drawing his sword. Wild guesses flashed through my mind---nude pictures, drug paraphernalia, his report on my father---but I cut my thoughts short. I did not want to pause long enough to allow him to complete his move.”
When Liz, who finds Luther’s quoted remarks in the Sacramento Bee slightly shocking, asks him to confirm that the newspaper quoted him correctly, Luther immediately affirms that he was. Yet this sets his train of doubts in motion, and he sees this as an indication of his growing distance from his wife: “The man she had known before I sent her away was a man who suppressed all impulse. By now she was too distant from me to guess that my self-control had finally been plundered by my sorrows.” One cannot help but feel sorry for him.
Luther’s unemployment underscores the liminality in the novel. He makes the point that the loss of his job has hardly caused him any stress. Yet his calm external disposition belies his inner turmoil. It is precisely at this point that he becomes increasingly anxious about Elliot’s enquiries about his paternal grandfather. Secrecy and shame are liminal categories that underline Luther’s changing personality. As Luther admits: “When [Elliot] looked at me the chasm of omission in comments for his biography made me feel secretive and shameful.”
As an allegory, Luther’s trials and sufferings represent the sins of every man. He is every individual on a pilgrim of self-worth, self-realization or redemption. Luther’s misfortunes, anxieties, and afflictions are many: loss of his parents; earthquake hits the city where he lives with his family; his house sustains minor damages; the dam he constructed comes under investigation; hounded even though he believes the dam did not sustain any structural damage; his resignation; becoming distant from his family to protect them; confessions of being secretive, of shame---are the equivalent of the temptations and tribulations a believer faces in the match towards salvation. None believers might as well encounter these metaphorical obstacles within the self.
Luther embarks on a journey comprising introspection, self-realization, remorse and self-condemnation. He grapples with his feelings and moral failings throughout his journey: from the earthquake to the miscarriage his wife suffered; from being secretive to not being intimate with his family; from lying to Liz to being jealous of the moments Elliot is close to his mother; from his questionable choices to his lack of insight; from anxiety to being reticent; from feeling ashamed to constructing a tower of evasion; from being unable to assure Liz of his love to being unable to appreciate her worth and beauty.
In a significant moment of reflection, Luther lets us into his thoughts: “I was so full of things at the moment---bloodrush, fury, sweat, habit, adrenaline, confusion, shame, and, maybe most potent of all, the invisible misfires and wirepulls of memory---that despite the pain of an unbearably complex fullness, almost at bursting, I cannot say I had any clear thoughts at all.” Luther realizes “vaguely that [he] had robbed [Liz] of her feeling in the domain where it would have meant the most to her.”
Luther wears a contrite heart and seizes a redemptive moment at Liz’s deathbed. Here he admits silently and inwardly his failure to praise Liz’s beauty or highlight her kindheartedness and capacity to come to the aid of other people. Seeking to make up for lost moments of intimacy, striving to prove his love for her in any way possible, he, like every other person, takes off his self-regarding garb and dons the other-regarding, life-affirming one.
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(CEO Renewal BooksPlus Limited/ Green Renewal & Carbon Offsetting Ltd.) London, UK.