During the period of time between February of 2005 and March of 2006 when the San Fransisco-based magazine THE BELIEVER was publishing English-language translations of Javier Marías’s “La Zona Fantasma” columns, I was a regular reader of the magazine. I would have looked at Charles Burns’s sketch of Mr. Marías a great many times indeed over the course of that year and change. I read the column itself consistently and with interest. At some point the book-publishing arm of THE BELIEVER, the magazine itself already an offshoot of McSweeney’s, made available an edition of Marías’s VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON, his second novel, originally published in Spain in 1972 (though apparently not properly released until 1973), and written, impressively, when the author was between nineteen and twenty-one years of age. I didn’t get around to reading it at the time and the book became consigned to the shelf, for all intents and purposes temporarily forgotten. The Believer Books imprint put out at least one book I did read and which I adored, namely French misanthrope Michel Houellebecq’s wonderful text on miserablist horror visionary H. P. Lovecraft. It must have been in approximately 2010, when New Directions published a hardcover edition of the English translation, that I devoured with fascination Marías’s short story collection WHILE THE WOMEN WERE SLEEPING. From there I moved pretty rapidly to the YOUR FACE TOMORROW trilogy and tore straight through it in expeditious fashion. I have since gone on to read six more Marías novels (before getting to VOAGE ALONG THE HORIZON, which I have just finished reading). Over the course of the past decade I have often stated that I believe Javier Marías to be in strong contention for consideration as our most brilliant and gifted contemporary novelist, and though I know that a number of the writers who wrote some of the finest novels of the post-war era are still very much alive, my tendency has been to accord Marías a particular exalted status as I believe him to currently be operating very much at the top of his game. Now, what is perhaps unusual is that for the first few years that I spent venturing back into his body of work I had somehow forgotten that this author I had come to revere so highly was the author of that column I used to read in THE BELIEVER in addition to the novel VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON that their publishing arms had put out and which was sitting still unread on one of my shelves. I say that this is perhaps unusual, but it all honesty it probably makes all too much sense, as I happen to have spent my late twenties and early thirties struggling with addiction and late stage alcoholism, my condition for the most part one of the most extreme dissipation. My head has been far clearer for the last number of years, though I cannot precisely recall when it dawned on me that the Javier Marías who I had been reading devotedly in recent years was the same author as he who wrote those columns and that novel I owned from Believer Books. Suffice it to say that I have known this for some time now. That I have put off getting to VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON until now may be in part due to the reticence provoked at the prospect of reading a novel the composition of which was commenced by its author whilst still a teenager and completed not long thereafter. Having recently read the novels that Clarice Lispector wrote in her twenties (the first of which was published shortly before she turned twenty-three), three absolutely extraordinary masterpieces, it has very recently become clear to me that this is not an especially defensible prejudice. Down off the shelf, then, comes VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON, and none too soon. Any suspicion that the book might be the jejune or embarrassingly unworldly product of some precocious and inelegant upstart was very rapidly put to rest. Not only does it testify to a genius already actualized, it may well be especially pleasurable for readers such as myself who have a pretty good handle on how this peerless prose stylist would subsequently develop his approach and his central preoccupations (the most central of which might well be preoccupation itself). This may not seem likely to a prospective reader who has read an outline of the plot of this early novel. Something like a ribald seafaring yarn would seem to be on offer. This is not the kind of stuff we readers of the later Marías expect from him. The Believer Books edition of VOYAGE concludes with an interview with its author, conducted in preparation for the publication of the edition in question, and we will not be surprised to therein find Marías speaking of the influence of Jospeh Conrad on his younger self (an author he would himself go on to translate). Our interviewee also speaks of Henry James and Laurence Sterne (the giant as far as these things go). Marías saw himself as a young man undertaking the execution of this work very much in dialogue with the literature of the 18th and especially the 19th centuries, and conceived of his project very much as a kind of admiring parody. The debt to Sterne certainly manifests itself as mischief at the level of form, a quality of self-reflexivity, and an approach which ultimately subjects the idea of ‘the novel’ to enhanced scrutiny. From Conrad of course we have a particular kind of elegance of craft used to tell seafaring adventure yarns. From James we have what I read as, in the hands of Marías, a tone of ironic solemnity and a focus on the burden, often dangerously transferred, of stories themselves. And readers of popular novels of the 19th century, such as Mary Shelley’s FRANKENSTEIN and Matthew Gregory Lewis’s THE MONK (actually from 1796), will be familiar with a tendency in these novels to burry stories within stories within stories, a practice of which young Marías makes prodigious use in his second novel. The tale starts with our nominal narrator attending a reading of Victor Arledge’s novel VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON at the residence of the deceased author’s purported friend Mr. Holden Branshaw (the narrator concedes in passing that the man’s name might actually well have been Horden Bragshawe) in the company of a suspiciously eager woman named Miss Bunnage. The reading will occur over two sessions, Miss Bunnage mysteriously (although this is one mystery that the greater book does ultimately resolve) failing to show up for the second of these. The novelist Victor Arledge will turn out to actually be the protagonist of the novel within the novel, and after completed his reading of it, Branshaw (if that really is his name) mysteriously no longer considers it the masterpiece he previously held it to be, revealing also that it was in fact written by a man named Edward Ellis. All manner of confusion and unreliability informs proceedings at every turn. We should note of course that the title itself, VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON, would appear to have certain implications: when undergoing a voyage we will naturally at all times see the horizon looming in the distance, whereas a voyage that is occurring along said horizon would necessarily have to be one viewed from afar (and almost certainly with a fair amount of indeterminacy). It would also seem unlikely that we receive a transcription of the novel within the novel, our more likely being treated to something like a commendably exhaustive summation from the narrator, though this is itself not especially clear. Early on in the novel within the novel (or the summation thereof) a newspaper article apprises us of the journey ahead: “MOST AMBITIOUS LITERARY ENTERPRISE KNOWN TO MAN. A large group of illustrious writers and artists from England and France to embark on a voyage to Antartica, hoping to produce a literary work and a great musical spectacle based on their experiences at the South Pole.” Arledge is to board the TALLAHASSEE and embark on the journey in question, spearheaded as it is by one Captain Kerrigan. He is excited to meet a musician named Hugh Everett Bayham, also set to join the expedition; Arledge has recently received a letter from a friend in London (shared with the reader apparently in full) in which a recent rather mysterious Scottish misadventure of Bayham’s is recounted. We very quickly come to intuit that the journey is probably doomed, all manner of misfortune interceding from the outset, the first significant instance of such being the murder of Collins, the boatswain. Florence Bonington enters the picture, a comely young woman who may hold the secret to Hugh Everett Bayahm’s strange Scottish tale and with whom the musician keeps close company. Captain Kerrigan gets extremely inebriated and instigates a violent scene on board. He is subsequently confined under guard to his quarters. Arledge will visit him, and subsequently recount some of the Captain’s woeful backstory to Bayham—these are the most explicitly Conradian passages, detailing the mercenary Captain’s misadventures in the East and his journey aboard the UTTARADIT with the millionaires Merrivale and Holland along with the much younger wife of the former—in the hopes of making intelligible the Captain’s recent misconduct. Or is this in fact what happens? A clever bit of writerly obfuscation casts it into some doubt. And so on and so on. A man is killed in a duel on board. Armed insurgents would seem to enter the picture from the periphery. I don’t think I am giving too much away at all to reveal that the South Pole is simply not happening. Another thing that Marías would seem to have adopted from Henry James is a gift for the weaving together of character motivation and incident in truly dexterous fashion. I would like to share one astonishing passage to show you just how gifted a stylist and astute a clinician of the human animal this very young author already is: “It would be interesting indeed to find out the exact terms of the relationship between Bayham and Miss Bonington—and I am afraid that Victor Arledge did—but from what I have been able to ascertain to date, I imagine it was the type of relationship—the observation of which, I admit, is rather agonizing and often leads to the dehumanization of one of the two parties—that often arises between young couples on the precipice of getting married. This type of relationship usually exhibits two distinct characteristics: the most absolute servility (or dutiful resignation) on the side of the truly enamored party (in this case Hugh Everett Bayham), and the fickle whim of the other (in this case Florence Bonington) who, conscious of his or her charms, and as such doubly pernicious, simply allows himself or herself to be adored and loved. In the majority of cases, and contrary to what one might intuitively guess, this second party is usually the less intelligent of the two. I realize this may be a simplistic and slightly rudimentary way to look at it, but it does seem to explain, quite perfectly, the reasons why Hugh Everett Bayham, the day after Léonide Meffre’s death, decided he would not set foot on the upper deck.” While the Javier Marías who wrote VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON is not yet the author who would go on to demonstrate an ability second to none when it comes to composing extremely long, digressive sentences of impeccable virtuosity and grammatical integrity, he is already a formidable literary craftsmen, and his pastiche of 19th century literary prose style operates quite seamlessly, especially when he utilizes his talents to create elaborate-yet-easeful formulations such as that quoted above (reminiscent as it is of Henry James at his very finest). We should note here that the completed reading of the novel within the novel is followed by passages which return our narrator back to something like business as usual, though the mystery aroused by the unusual novel read to him by an unusual man continues to eat away at him. Though the mystery is dispersed, the irresolution nags at him and he is unable, even years later it would seem, to reconcile himself with certain loose ends. The novel ends with the question of irresolution and how to adapt to both its intractability and its ubiquity. The narrator becomes just as preoccupied with the novel within the novel (especially the context of its composition, its possible traces of truthfulness) as had Victor Arledge in that very novel with the Scottish misadventure of Hugh Everett Bayham, an obsession that the novel within the novel repeatedly tells us essentially destroyed Arledge's life (though we are not filled in on how his ultimate undoing played out). In the interview at the back of the Believer Books edition—conducted, as I have said, decades after the novel’s original Spanish publication—Marías says that he believes that what most links VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON to his later mature works is the presence of a fundamentally incorporeal or peripheral narrator, lacking agency, who recounts the story from a position of remove. That is surely a sound observation. However, as I have already said, I have long thought of Marías as an author whose work is fundamentally about preoccupation or, if you prefer, obsession. This is, to my mind, already very much the case with VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON. Storytelling is about an obsessive need to define a reality and communicate it while obsession equally informs the perilous quest to 'get the story.' As for what distinguishes this early novel from the mature work, take note of Marías’s answer to the first question in the interview contained at the back, where he supplies as influences not only Conrad and James but Billy Wilder’s 1970 film THE PRIVATE LIFE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES, a film that upon its release was an avowedly modern film having a great deal of fun indeed with what were even then antiquated popular templates. That VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON utilizes idioms and templates with ironic intent makes it seem like a demonstratively postmodern novel in a way its author’s later masterpieces really are not. Also note that in bringing up Laurence Sterne (another writer Marías went on to translate) we are forced to consider TRISTRAM SHANDY, that remarkable 18th century masterpiece it is common to call postmodern avant la lettre. When it comes to referring to very old novels as prematurely postmodern, of course, it is also common to go back even further than Sterne to Cervantes, DON QUIXOTE, and the Spanish Baroque, as such bringing to bear the literary history of Marías’s homeland. This specific legacy, that of the Spanish Baroque, strikes me as being operational in Surrealism, the postmodern novel, and ongoing literary practices (especially in the 20th century) throughout Spain, Latin America, and the Spanish diaspora more generally. If we want to discuss THE PRIVATE LIFE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES, perhaps we might also like to consider Spaniard and first wave Surrealist Luis Buñuel’s 1954 Mexican film adaptation of ROBINSON CRUSOE. We might also think of Spanish Surrealist Eugenio Granell's THE NOVEL OF THE TUPINAMBA INDIAN and the work of the magnificent Felipe Alfau, a Spaniard living in American exile, whose remarkable masterpiece CHROMOS is up to such similar business with its stories within stories within stories and various Baroque amenities. Many who read VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON likewise have and will continue to think of Borges. As for the connection to the postmodern novel, how can we not think of John Barth, that most characteristically postmodern of postmodern novelists, whose THE SOT-WEED FACTOR certainly seems like a definite precedent, and who in later works such as SABBATICAL: A ROMANCE, THE LAST VOYAGE OF SOMEBODY THE SAILOR, and THE TIDEWATER TALES filled his sprawling canvases with sailors sailing and storytellers storytelling, as well as with irony and euphoria and irreconcilable mystery. It is perhaps a tired commonplace to say that the adventure is about the journey rather than the destination. Think of how a child plays. Play is purely committed to pleasurable activity for its own sake. Irony itself is fundamentally playful. Those obsessed with destinations are like all who are obsessed: they most likely face postponement, disillusionment, and torment. Javier Marías says that Billy Wilder's movie about Sherlock Holmes was and is one of his favourite movies. Wilder famously had ten commandments about cinema the first nine of which were "though shalt not bore." Goddammit, it should be fun! Adventure, play, stories: freed of obsession. Fun? VOYAGE ALONG THE HORIZON very much is. Perhaps a fun story about destructive obsessions with stories is ultimately an exorcism...or at very least a catharsis, an overcoming, a liberating admonishment on behalf of the writer (and for the reader!) targeting any personal tendency toward dismal self-seriousness.