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Studies in Asian Security

Hard Target: Sanctions, Inducements, and the Case of North Korea

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Because authoritarian regimes like North Korea can impose the costs of sanctions on their citizens, these regimes constitute "hard targets." Yet authoritarian regimes may also be immune―and even hostile―to economic inducements if such inducements imply reform and opening. This book captures the effects of sanctions and inducements on North Korea and provides a detailed reconstruction of the role of economic incentives in the bargaining around the country's nuclear program. Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland draw on an array of evidence to show the reluctance of the North Korean leadership to weaken its grip on foreign economic activity. They argue that inducements have limited effect on the regime, and instead urge policymakers to think in terms of gradual strategies. Hard Target connects economic statecraft to the marketization process to understand North Korea and addresses a larger debate over the merits and demerits of "engagement" with adversaries.

343 pages, Hardcover

Published May 30, 2017

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Stephan Haggard

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1,625 reviews
July 6, 2025
A good book on the political and economic facets of the questions raised in statecraft dealing with North Korea. Covers the effects and results of various recent talks and phases of leadership, mostly concerning the USA and North Korea's neighbours.
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