Preface
“Sports take us out of flaccid reality and into the undeniable charm of game and fantasy.”
Chapter One: Concepts of Hindu Devotion
* Every morning, millions of Hindus worship both Goddess Ganga, who is also the river, and Surya, Sun God.
* The One (Supreme deity, Brahman) is the absolute complement of opposites: masculine & feminine, water and fire, dark and light, wrong and right.
* Daily rituals involve water
* Hinduism diverse, hundreds or thousands of subcultures
* The Absolute manifests itself & its powers through the Gods and Goddesses. Each deity has their own corresponding rituals. Each Hindu only worships a few deities that are personally relevant
* Three primary sects: worshippers of
- Shiva aka Devi (Creator & Destroyer of all Existence)
- Vishnu (Protector or Preserver of the Universe)
- Shakti (Pervasive Feminine Principle, Dynamic Power)
Vishnu always accompanied by Lakshmi, or 2 Goddesses Bhudevi & Shridevi
Shiva ... Parvati
Lakshmi – Prosperity, Fortune
Bhudevi – Earth, Fertility
Parvati – Childbirth
Hanuman, Rama, Durga, Kali – Battle, Strength, Power
PUJA: ceremonial act of showing reverence to a God/dess through prayer, ritual.
* Devotees worship sculpture/painting/icon as the God/dess him/herself. “Images are created as receptacles for spiritual energy; each is an essential link that allows the devotee to experience direct communion with the Gods.”
* “Darshan” seeing and being seen by God. Brings peace and blessing to Hindu devotees, and through it miracles occur.
* Hindus worship singly or in small family units. Most sacred rituals take place in the home or temples/shrines tt may be visited anytime from early morning to late night.
Dharma: supreme law of righteousness, the belief tt there is undeniable pattern to which all existence must adhere. Guidelines set by Gods and sages in ancient texts Vedas
Karma: action. Law of cause and effect. Doctrine of absolute responsibility. Linked to reincarnation
Chapter Two: Elements of Worship
* Tuesday: Mariamman's day
* Every day, the image of a God/dess is washed, adorned with sacred substances, dressed, bejewelled, garlanded before she may be seen by the public.
- Substances: honey, milk, yoghurt, sacred ash, sandalwood paste, turmeric, vermillion (kumkum), panchamrita
* "Any water used in a shrine is considered mystically transformed into Ganga."
* Concept of Reciprocity: devotee's life is enhanced by the gifts they bestow on the deities
- Flowers: marigold, rose, lotus, hibiscus, jasmine, tuberose
- Annual festival of patron deity is auspicious time to give more significant gift: garment or jewellery
- Fire is essential in all Hindu rituals. Ghee auspicious. Camphor bright cool flame tt leaves no ash. Followed by dispersion of water.
Chapter Three
* Deity worshipped by a family/clan is kuladevata.
Hindus make periodic visits to ancestral home also to reestablish contact w household deity
Some subcultures have method of transferring sacred energy in terracotta pot of water, then transfer spirit into another image (sculpture, painting, print)
* Each devotee worships ishtadevata chosen for personal reasons
* tulasi (sacred basil) is believed to be an incarnation of Lakshmi
Chapter Six: Deities on Parade
* Most temples have secondary image for each primary deity, utsava murti, usually cast in bronze for processions during festivals
Chapter Eight: Healing
* Temple at Ochira in Kerala. Sacred trees
* In Hinduism, both good and evil are viewed as divine.
- Sitala Goddess of Smallpox, Provider of Good Fortune, Protector of Children (Mariamman in S. India)
Place special rice cakes over diseased body part. Light wick in the middle to draw out negative energy
- Cobras (Nagas) are divine agents of healing.
Manasa Goddess of Snakes
- Healing comes to those who deserve it. Selfless dedication to duties, good karma, acts of virtue clear a path for healing energy
VRATA: fulfilling a vow to God/dess, a regular action to purify body/mind and demonstrate piety. E.g. fasting, intense prayers one day a week. Usually not demanding
Failure to honour this commitment results in divine retribution.
More exacting vrata might include long pilgrimages, fire walking, body piercing
* Possession by deity / spiritual trance is common.
Some people make vows to be possessed if their request comes true