Sue Lloyd Roberts, often with her trusted cameraman, has travelled to dangerous trouble spots around the world to report first hand on a war that does not get the recognition it merits: the war on women and girls. Quite often the trail of violence starts from or reaches back into the United Kingdom.
FGM entails the vicious cutting of female genitals to prevent girls and women from enjoying any aspect of sexuality. This is performed by women on girls in countries across Africa and the Middle East, often but not exclusively Muslim, and it is frequently performed in Britain, in facilities ranging from private clinics to rundown council flats. Forced marriage of young girls to complete strangers is commonplace over an even wider stretch, notably across India; any hope for education or an independent life is crushed for ordinary girls and women; there may be exceptions, especially in wealthy families, but they are always very uncertain. Honour killing is a related practice which reflects the absolute physical power of men (brothers, cousins, fathers, uncles) over every female, who may be killed by family members for any perceived or imagined failing; killings are brutal, often public and rarely punished. In Britain as in other countries, terrified women may be concealed for many years in safe houses, protective custody or simply incognito in new locations, but their families and “communities” are relentless in pursuit. Western cultures have their own informal and institutional punishments for “fallen women,” of which the worst, to a large extent, may now have been eradicated, but remain in living memory: the book gives a searing account of the Magdalen Laundries in Ireland, only closed in the 1970s and still subject to astonishing disclosures of brutality, neglect and killings. Girls lost their freedom and their basic human rights for years and even decades in punishment for often trivial lapses, including looking unusually pretty, though a common pretext for incarceration was pregnancy out of marriage, often through rape.
In a remarkable way, all these practices so far could be listed as brutal but traditional methods used to enforce strict moral standards, as their defenders claim, though it is a curious concept of morality and not actually justified by the religions of the people responsible. This cannot be said of the use of rape as a tool of warfare, which is described in unbearable terms, alongside which must be considered the global scale of the sex trafficking industry. It is hard to describe as “sex-work” the kidnapping of young women by deception or by brute force, repeated rape and torture to secure compliance, and their use thereafter as sex objects. Trafficked girls and women are to be found in England and Ireland, Denmark and other European countries, Turkey, Israel, the United States and in every third world setting where the United Nations deploys its peacekeepers (who enjoy diplomatic immunity for any and every crime).
This is a book to disrupt any smug pretence that violence against women is either a minority concern or the province of less developed societies. Women generally live with a pervading and realistic fear of extreme violence and it is as much a responsibility of governments in the first world as in the third. The pretexts used to evade this responsibility make for difficult reading. Sue Lloyd-Roberts describes a British minister listening to the unhelpful views of men from the “Muslim community” without any regard for the absent voices of women. She accuses politicians of pandering to the perpetrators of violence against women in search of the minority vote rather than confronting the needs of British citizens who are girls or women living in fear of honour killing, and subject to forced marriage or to FGM. She compares the British approach of “multicultural tolerance” to the French approach of insisting on common standards for every citizen and notes French despair that, for example, French girls are taken to England for FGM and prosecutions for FGM which are common in France, are very rare in Britain. She describes the routine subservience of the British monarchy to that of Saudi Arabia, and the total absence of pressure from British governments to alleviate the position of women there. She contrasts the moral cowardice – or outright complicity – of British governments with the courage and the appalling risks – and actual consequences – for women struggling to secure any recognition of their situation let alone an effective remedy.
Sue Lloyd-Roberts died prematurely of leukaemia in 2015; the book was completed by her daughter. Since then there has been a continuing, ongoing supply of exposures concerning male violence against women which she would surely have wanted to film and report had she been able to continue. Women continue to take great risks to stand up to male aggression but it is evident that men continue either to feed the violence themselves or live as though it was all invisible or inconsequential. As always, a surprising proportion of women deal with the problem by pandering to the perpetrators and even contributing to the harm done to their sex. Politicians continue to dismiss women’s voices and to refuse them the protection they need. In fact, since 2015 a great many rights, protections and safeguards that women had achieved have started to be dismantled; something that would have seemed unbelievable even a few years ago.
This book makes one thing graphically clear. There really is a war on women. It’s a violent, dishonest and shameful war and it is both global and local: taking place in our own towns and streets and demanding that we pick a side.