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Banaras City of Light

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The author reveals the spiritual and historical resonance of this holy place where great sages such as the Buddha and Shankara taught, where ashrams, palaces, and universities were built, where God has been imagined and imaged in a thousand ways Eck describes the rites of its temples, the busy life of its riverfront, and the exuberance of its festivals she narrates how people travel from all over India to Banaras for the privilege of dying a good death here, for they believe that on the banks of the river Ganges where the atmosphere of devotion is improbable in its strength, it is possible to be released from this earthly round forever in her account of the sacred history, geography, and art of the city, its elaborate and thriving rituals, its myths and literature, and its importance to pilgrims and seekers, Diana Eck uses her wealth of scholarship to make the Hindu tradition come powerfully alive so that we come to understand the meaning that this sacred city holds for the millions of believers who have been coming here for over 2,500 years a luminous work, as befits this city of light i know of few books that capture the soul of a sacred city to the degree that this one does .

427 pages, Paperback

First published April 12, 1982

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Diana L. Eck

25 books50 followers

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 53 reviews
Profile Image for Kecia.
911 reviews
May 21, 2015
Passport - check
Indian visa - check
Vaccinations - check
Airline ticket - check

and now I KNOW where I am going:

"Kashi may be located on the plains of North India, on the banks of the Ganges, on the tip of Shiva ' s trident, or where the nose and the eyebrows meet. Wherever that place is, it is the place where one is able to see into the true nature of things. 'In Kashi,' it is said, 'one sees one's own soul.'"

Namaste ya'll
Profile Image for Yigal Zur.
Author 11 books144 followers
June 7, 2019
the best book on this amazing city which never stops to surprise me even after dozens of visits.
27 reviews
November 4, 2022
I would rate this book 6 on a scale of 1-5. The author, incidentally a foreigner, has done a phenomenal job of researching and understanding and learning about India, Hindu culture, mythology, philosophy, rituals, practices and so on. She has understood the very pulse of Benaras and has penned it to minute details. This book was part of her Ph.D dissertation.
Benaras is the place where death is celebrated .. Even during pralay, it does not get destroyed as it is placed on top of Lord Shiva's trishul.
After reading this book, I have a deep yearning to visit Benaras in this lifetime and if I have get liberation there, nothing like it. Om Namah Shivaya !
Profile Image for Preetam Chatterjee.
6,833 reviews369 followers
July 16, 2024
Book: Banaras: City of Light
Author: Eck, Diana L
Publisher: ‎ Columbia University Press; Revised ed. edition (11 August 1999)
Language: ‎ English
Paperback: ‎ 448 pages
Item Weight: ‎ 780 g
Dimensions: ‎ 23.37 x 15.8 x 2.82 cm
Country of Origin: ‎ India
Price: 2200/-

“Here religious feelings reigns supreme, and no sensual thought ever seems to assail these beauteous mingled forms. They come into unconscious contact with each other, but only heed the river, the sun, and the splendor of the morning in a dream of ecstasy.”

কত ইতিহাস, কত বিস্ময়কর চরিত্র এই শহরের!

লেখিকা বলছেন : To linger in Banāras is to linger in another era, an era which one cannot quite date by century. It is very old, and yet it has continued to gather the cumulative Hindu tradition, right to the present.

While the loudspeaker on the ghāts blares the chanting of devotional hymns—the latest notion of a public charity!—people bathe in the river and splash an ancient tree trunk with Ganges water on their way home, as they may have done for three thousand years.

The city displays the layering of the Hindu tradition like a palimpsest, an old parchment that has been written upon and imperfectly erased again and again, leaving the old layers partially visible.......

পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন প্রান্ত থেকে লোক ছুটে আসে শুধুই বেনারস দেখবে বলে। পুরাণে আছে শিব-পার্বতীর বাসস্থান এই কাশী। অনেকের বিশ্বাস এখনও তাঁরা নিত্য বিরাজমান।

আবার অনেকে বলে রাজা সুভদ্রর পুত্র কাশ্য এই নগর স্থাপন করেন। তার থেকেই কাশীর নামকরণ হয়। আর এক মত, বরুণা আর অসি নদী গঙ্গায় মিশেছে। এবং এই দুই নদীর মধ্যে অবস্থিত বলে কাশীর আর এক নাম বারাণসী।

প্রাচীনকালে কাশী ছিল শিক্ষা, ধর্ম, জ্ঞানের পীঠস্থান। সংস্কৃতে বলা হয়, ‘কর্মণাং কর্ষণাং সা বৈ কাশীতি পরিকথ্যতে’। অর্থাৎ, মানুষ এখানে কর্মক্ষয় করে মুক্তিলাভ করতে সমর্থ হয় বলেই এই জায়গাকে কাশী বলা হয়।

প্রাচীন ভারতের ইতিহাসে দেখা যায়, আদি যুগে, কাশী ছিল ষোড়শ মহাজনপদের মধ্যে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রাজ্য। শুধুমাত্র হিন্দু নয়, বৌদ্ধ ও জৈনদের কাছেও কাশী এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ স্থান হিসেবে বিবেচিত হত।

যে কারণে হিন্দু, বৌদ্ধ, জৈন মহাজনেরা বার বার কাশীতে এসেছেন তাঁদের ধর্মমত প্রচার করতে। এর বিস্তৃতি ছিল সে যুগের প্রতিষ্ঠান নগর অর্থাৎ, এখনকার প্রয়াগ পর্যন্ত।

লেখিকা বলছেন : The Seven Cities, (saptapurī) are known all over India. In the North, there is Ayodhyā, the capital of Lord Rāma; Mathurā, the birthplace of Krishna; Hardvār, the gate of the Ganges; and Kāshī, the city of Shiva. In Central India is Ujjain, sacred to Shiva. In the West is Dvārakā, the capital of Krishna. And in the South is Kānchī, sacred to both Vishnu and Shiva. All seven are said to bestow moksha at the time of death.

তারপর বলছেন : Still, as a contemporary Hindu guide to the tīrthas puts it: “Among these seven, Kāshī is held to be supreme.”5 In Kāshī, those who think about such questions maintain that the other six cities bestow moksha only indirectly, by first bringing the good fortune of rebirth in Kāshī. Only Kāshī leads directly to moksha, with no stops on the way.

বইয়ের সপ্তম অধ্যায়ে লেখিকা বলছেন : All tīrthas, and all cities, and all sixty abodes of Shiva, rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans, all the gods and all the sages dwell in Kāshī, desiring their own liberation, under the great influence of Shiva, who quenches desire. The mind of those who have beheld Kāshī delights no more in other tīrthas. O sages, I have established all tīrthas in this place, a place which I never leave. It is made of all the tīrthas; it is pure, the most secret of the secret, great, the first-born of all places, the Great Lord......

বারাণসী। পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে পুরনো বেঁচে থাকা শহর। ভারতবর্ষের আত্মিক রাজধানী।

জানা যায় যে শহরের অন্যতম ব্যস্ত এলাকা ময়দাগিনে একদা মন্দাকিনী নামে ছোট্ট এক নদী ছিল। সেই মন্দাকিনীই অপভ্রংশে ময়দাগিন। মচ্ছোদরী পার্কেও ছিল মৎস্যোদরী নদী।

বর্ষার গঙ্গা বরুণা নদী বেয়ে পিছন দিকে মৎস্যোদরীতে এসে পড়ত। ‘গঙ্গা যখন মৎস্যোদরীতে মেশে, সব তীর্থ সেখানে অধিষ্ঠান করে,’ জানাচ্ছে কাশীখণ্ডের ৬৯ নম্বর অধ্যায়ের ১৩৯তম শ্লোক। ব্রিটিশ শাসকের পরিকল্পিত নগরায়ণ ও উন্নয়নের খাতিরে ১৮২২ সালে এই ছোট নদীগুলি বুজিয়ে দেওয়া হয়। কাশী শহর আপনাকে প্রতি পদে বুঝিয়ে দেবে, দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাট হয়ে বিশ্বনাথ মন্দিরে পুজো দিতে যাওয়ার একরৈখিক বয়ানটি ঔপনিবেশিকতার অবদান।

ধ্রুপদী স্কন্দপুরাণের সঙ্গে এর সম্পর্ক নেই।

ধ্রুপদী ঐতিহ্যটি কী রকম?

লোকবিশ্বাস, কাশী পৃথিবীর মধ্যে থেকেও বাইরে, শিবের ত্রিশূলের ডগায়। ত্রিশূলের তিনটি ডগা: উত্তরে ওঙ্কারেশ্বর, মাঝে বিশ্বনাথ ও দক্ষিণে কেদারেশ্বর। কাশীখণ্ডের ৭৩ ও ৭৪ নম্বর অধ্যায় জুড়ে ওঙ্কারেশ্বরের মহিমা কীর্তন। বলা হচ্ছে, এটিই কাশীর প্রথম লিঙ্গ। তপস্যারত ব্রহ্মার সামনে প্রণবধ্বনিতে এই শিবলিঙ্গ প্রকাশিত হয়। মচ্ছোদরী পার্ক ছাড়িয়ে আরও উত্তরে সালেমপুরা নামে ঘিঞ্জি মুসলিম মহল্লা। ট্যুরিস্টরা এ দিকে আসেন না।

স্থানীয় মুসলমানরাই নিয়ে গেলেন, ‘ওঙ্কারেশ্বর? চলুন, দেখিয়ে দিচ্ছি।’ মাঠের মাঝে, ছিমছাম মন্দির।

জৈন, বৌদ্ধ, হিন্দুদের অন্যতম তীর্থস্থান। শেষ হাজার বছরে জায়গা করে নিয়েছে মুসলিমরাও। গঙ্গার ধারে উত্তর থেকে দক্ষিণ, পর পর মোট ৮৪টি ঘাটকে বলা যেতে পারে ৩০০০ বছর বয়সি এই শহরের প্রাণকেন্দ্র। সারিবদ্ধ এই ঘাটের ঠিক পেছনেই গঙ্গাকে আঁটসাঁট করে ঘিরে আছে চার কিলোমিটার বাই দেড় কিলোমিটার এলাকা।

পোশাকি নাম বাঙালিটোলা।

দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের আগে কাশীতে বাঙালির সংখ্যা ছিল এক লক্ষ। বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর সংখ্যাটা গিয়ে দাঁড়ায় প্রায় চার লক্ষে। ১৯৮৯ সালে তা আবার কমে গিয়ে দাঁড়ায় এক লক্ষ পঁচিশ হাজারে। এই মুহূর্তে বারাণসীতে বাঙালির সংখ্যা এক লক্ষের কাছাকাছি। তার প্রভাব পড়ে স্থানীয় নির্বাচনেও।

নামেই বাঙালিটোলা। আসলে একটা ছোট্ট পৃথিবী। কোনও গলিতে লুকিয়ে আছে জার্মান পাড়া, কোথাও আবার ইহুদিদের মহল্লা, কোনও গলিতে দেখা মেলে এক ঝাঁক জাপানি সংগীতজ্ঞের— যাঁরা শাস্ত্রীয় সংগীতের তালিম নিচ্ছেন। রাস্তার ওপরই মোয়া-মুড়কি নিয়ে বসে থাকেন বিধবা মাসি।

তার পর ফুচকার দোকান পেরোলেই ভেসে আসে বিদেশি খাবারের গন্ধ। পিৎজা, রাশিয়ান স্যালাড, বেক্ড টুনা, সুশি, কোরিয়ান নুড্ল্স, ইজরায়েলি হুমুস।

ধরা যাক, কেদারনাথের মন্দির। সেখানে বাঙালি উপাসক নগণ্য।

অথচ নিবেদিতা তাঁর Footfalls of Indian History বইতে এই মন্দিরকে বিশেষ গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন। আবার সারনাথের সার্ঙ্গনাথ বা সারঙ্গনাথের যুগ্ম লিঙ্গ উপাসিত মন্দিরে বাঙালি পরিব্রাজক যান কি?

হিউয়েন সাং এই শিবালয় সম্বন্ধে উল্লেখ করেছিলেন। বুদ্ধের গুরুপদ একদা শিব গ্রহণ করেছিলেন (তুলনীয় শিবের দক্ষিণামূর্তি রূপ)। এ কথা বলেছিলেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ। আর বিবেকানন্দ বুদ্ধকে নিজ ইষ্টজ্ঞান করতেন (পত্রাবলী, নং-১২)। নিবেদিতার দীক্ষান্তে বুদ্ধমূর্তিকে পুষ্পাঞ্জলি দিতে বলেছিলেন তাঁর গুরু।

বৌদ্ধ সাহিত্যে কাশীর প্রসঙ্গ এসেছে বহু বার নানা ভাবে। অপরূপা রূপসী অর্ধকাশীর সঙ্গে বুদ্ধের সাক্ষাৎকারটি চমৎকার। ওই মহিলার রচনা থেরিগাথাতে বিধৃত আছে বৈশালীর আম্রপালির গাথার সঙ্গে। শিব ও বুদ্ধের সম্পর্কটি আরও জটিল। বিভিন্ন শিবালয়ে অর্চনার প্রাক্কালে যে সংকল্পবচন আবৃত্তি ক��তে হয়, তার সম্বন্ধে সম্প্রতি গবেষণা হয়েছে।

কাশীর বিশ্বনাথ মন্দিরে রুদ্রাভিষেকের সময়ে যে সংকল্পবাক্য বলা হয়, তাতে রয়েছে ‘আর্যাবর্তে শ্বেতবরাহকল্পে বুদ্ধাবতারে’ ইত্যাদি বাক্যাংশ। এমনকী নেপালের পশুপতিনাথ মন্দিরে এর ব্যতিরেক ঘটে না।

সেখানে শুনি: ‘জম্বুদ্বীপে হিমালয়স্য দক্ষিণপার্শ্বে বুদ্ধক্ষেত্র’ ইত্যাদি। এই বুদ্ধানুস্মৃতি শিবারাধনার পূর্বাঙ্গে কেন ও কী ভাবে মান্যতা পেল, তা গভীর ভাবনার কথা। এমনকী অবলোকিতেশ্বর ও শিবের রূপকল্পনার অন্যান্য পরিবর্তন শিল্পের ইতিহাসের আলোচ্য বিষয়।

কালীমোহন বিদ্যারত্ন কর্তৃক সংকলিত অধুনা দুষ্প্রাপ্য ‘হিন্দুসর্বস্ব’ গ্রন্থে যে বুদ্ধের ধ্যান রয়েছে, তাতে বুদ্ধের বর্ণনা শিবেরই মতো: ‘বৃহজ্জটাজুটধরোত্তমাঙ্গম্’।

এই বুদ্ধ ‘যোগীশ্বর’।

শংকরাচার্যের নামে প্রচলিত বুদ্ধবিষয়ক একটি শ্লোকে বুদ্ধকে ‘ধরাবদ্ধ পদ্মাসনে’ স্থিত ‘নাসাগ্রদৃষ্টি’ উল্লেখ করে ‘যা আস্তে কলে যোগিনাম চক্রবর্তী’ বলা হয়েছে (সূত্র: রাধাকৃষ্ণন, the Brahma Sutras, 1960, p-38)

কিন্তু কাশি-বেনারস মানেই বাঙালি। বাঙালিত্ব। আমাদের অধিকার যেন এই শহরে।

মদনপুরার দিকে আবার আনসারি কারিগরদের ভিড়। দিনরাত এক করে চলেছে সুতো, জরি, বেনারসি শাড়ি তৈরির কাজ।

মাঝেমধ্যে রাস্তার ওপরই দশাসই চেহারার যাদব গোয়ালাদের আস্তানা। চারিদিকে হাট্টাকাট্টা কালো মোষের দল। বারাণসীর বিখ্যাত লস্যি ও রাবড়ির সাপ্লাই লাইন। শ্যামাচরণ লাহিড়ী স্ট্রিট, চারুচন্দ্র মিত্র লেন, কাশীনাথ বিশ্বাস রোড। রাতভর ভিড়।

দশাশ্বমেধ, প্রয়াগ, মানসরোবর, লালি, পঞ্চকোট, মনিকর্ণিকা ঘাট। অবিরাম পুণ্যার্থী, শ্মশানবন্ধু, পর্যটক, ফোটোগ্রাফার, শিক্ষার্থী। এ সবের মধ্যেই হঠাৎ করে খুপরি জানালার ফাঁক দিয়ে ভেসে আসেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ।

বাঙালি সংস্কৃত পণ্ডিতদের দাপটের কথা ছেড়ে দিলেও, বেনারস হিন্দু বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে শিক্ষকতা করেছেন যদুনাথ সরকার, রাখালদাস বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে প্রথম দিন থেকে নেওয়া হয়েছে বাংলা ক্লাস। ভারত কলা ভবনের আজীবন সাম্মানিক সভাপতি ছিলেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ।

প্রমথ চৌধুরীর বইয়ের সংগ্রহ এখন আছে ওই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়েই। দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাটে বাঙালির থিয়েটারচর্চা এক সময় রীতিমত আলোড়ন তুলেছিল মহল্লায় মহল্লায়। কুস্তির আখড়ায় যাদব কুস্তিগীরদের সঙ্গে সেয়ানে সেয়ানে পাল্লা দিতেন বাঙালিরাও।

নিত্যানন্দ ভট্টাচার্যের হেল্থ ইমপ্রুভিং অ্যাসোসিয়েশনের দৌলতে শরীরচর্চার আধুনিক বিষয়গুলো জানতে শুরু করে এ শহর।

সেই আধিপত্য না থাকলেও এখনও বারাণসীর আসল উৎসব দুর্গাপুজোই। এই মুহূর্তে এই শহরে তিনশোরও বেশি দুর্গাপুজো হয়। অনেক পুজোর আয়োজকই অবাঙালি। কলকাতার মতোই দুর্গাপুজো এখানে ভেঙে দিয়েছে প্রাদেশিকতা ও ধর্মের বেড়াজাল।

নিয়মকানুন অনেক বদলে দেওয়ায় কারও মনে ক্ষোভ থাকলেও পুজোর জৌলুস চাক্ষুষ করতে সারা পৃথিবীর মানুষ ঢুঁ মারেন বাঙালিটোলায়।

দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাটে তুমুল তর্কে বসেছিলেন ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর ও ভারতেন্দু হরিশ্চন্দ্র। টানা কয়েকদিন বিতর্কের পর হার মেনেছিলেন আধুনিক হিন্দির অন্যতম রূপকার ভারতেন্দু হরিশ্চন্দ্র। সাফ জানিয়েছিলেন, বাংলা ভাষাকে মডেল করেই এগোবে হিন্দি।

এর পরই শুরু হয় আধুনিক শিক্ষার মাধ্যম হিসেবে হিন্দি ভাষাকে ব্যবহার করতে ভারতেন্দুর লড়াই। সংস্কৃত ছেড়ে হিন্দিকে শিক্ষার অন্যতম মাধ্যম হিসেবে ব্যবহার করার পিছনে বিদ্যাসাগরের ভূমিকা অবশ্য আজ অনেকেই ভুলে গিয়েছেন।

বেনারসের সম্পর্কে বলতে গেলে ঘাটের কথা অবশ্যই বলতে হয়। তার সৌন্দর্যই আলাদা।

যেন তিন হাজার বছর আগে সময়ের কাঁটা আটকে গেছে। একদিন সন্ধ্যাবেলায় প্যাক আপের পর তাড়াতাড়ি নৌকায় উঠে পড়লাম অসি ঘাট থেকে। গঙ্গাপথে সোজা চলে গেলাম দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাটে। কাশীর আশিটি ঘাটের মধ্যে এটি প্রধান ঘাট। প্রচুর নৌকোর ভিড়ে দাঁড়ালো আমাদের নৌকো। বিশাল প্রদীপের আলোর ছটায় জ্বলজ্বল করে উঠেছিল সেদিনের ঘাট। বলা হয়, ব্রহ্মা এখানে দশটা অশ্বমেধ যজ্ঞ করেছিলেন।

তার একটু দূরেই মণিকর্ণিকা ঘাট। পার্বতীর কুণ্ডল পড়েছিল সেখানে। চব্বিশ ঘণ্টা শবদাহ হয়। তাতে নাকি আত্মা স্বর্গবাসী হয় এমনটাই ধারণা।

নৌকো থেকে আলোআঁধারির মধ্যে দূর থেকে দেখা যায় কত জ্বলন্ত চিতা। দূরের বাড়িতে মৃত্যু পথযাত্রীদের এনে রাখা হয় শেষ দিনের অপেক্ষায়।

কাশী বিশ্বনাথের গলি, দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাট এখনও কোনও রাতে ঘুমোয়নি তাই।

ঘুমোয়নি কখনও দশাশ্বমেধের অনতিদূরের মণিকর্ণিকা ঘাটও!

সেখানে নেভেনি কখনও কাঠের চুল্লির আগুন।

নিভলেই বা চলে কী করে? কত মরণাপন্ন আশা নিয়ে দিনের পর দিন মৃত্যুর অপেক্ষা করেন এ শহরে এসে, শুধু মণিকর্ণিকার কোনও এক চুল্লিতে তাঁর স্বর্গারোহণের ব্যবস্থাপনা হবে বলে। কাশী যে তাঁদেরও একান্ত আপন।

নানা ঘাট ঘুরতে ঘুরতে পৌঁছানো যায় তুলসী ঘাটে। তুলসীদাসজি নাকি রামায়ণ রচনা করেছিলেন সেখানে বসে। নানা সময়ে এই ঘাটগুলির নানা চিত্র ভেসে ওঠে—সকালে সে যেন সদ্যোস্নাত রমণী।

দুপুরে আবার লাল বেনারসি পরা নতুন বউ। ঠোঁটে তার প্রেমের হাসি। আবার সন্ধ্যাবেলায় বিষাদে ভরে ওঠে ঘাট। যেন সে তার স্বামীকে হারিয়েছে।

লেখিকা তাঁর নামক অধ্যায়ে লিখছেন :

NO OTHER CITY on earth is as famous for death as is Banāras. More than for her temples and magnificent ghāts, more than for her silks and brocades, Banāras, the Great Cremation Ground, is known for death. At the center of the city along the riverfront is Manikarnikā, the sanctuary of death, with its ceaselessly smoking cremation pyres. The burning ghāt extends its influence and the sense of its presence throughout the city.

Entering Banāras from the villages to the south, one sees, leaning against the walls of the shops on Lankā Street, stacks of bamboo litters for carrying the dead. Along the main roads of the suburbs or in the dense lanes of the city one suddenly hears the familiar chant of a funeral procession on its way to Manikarnikā: “Rāma nāma satya hai! Rāma nāma satya hat!” “God’s name is Truth! God’s name is Truth!”

সত্যি তো বেনারসের গল্প শুরু করলে শেষ হয় না।

লেখিকা বলছেন : For over four hundred years Banāras has both astonished and bewildered visitors from the West. Merchants and missionaries, civil servants and travelers have written extensively of this city in letters, journals, and books.

Although they rarely understood what it all meant, they described what they saw with energy and with vivid visual detail.

Their writings are interesting and important, in part because they provide the only descriptive accounts of Banāras in the past centuries. Because of their very different sense of the “individual,” Hindus have no tradition of keeping journals or personal reflections of their travels. However, these foreign diaries give us more than a description of Banāras.

They allow us to see how our Western predecessors, with little knowledge of India, saw and understood a culture that was so markedly different from their own.

এই বইয়ে বেনারসের গল্প বলা হয়েছে। এখানেই ইতিহাসের ধারাবাহিকতা।

বারাণসী মানে শুধু দশাশ্বমেধ ঘাট, বিশ্বনাথ মন্দির, রাবড়ি আর বেনারসি শাড়ির মতো চেনা বাঙালি চিহ্ন নয়। বরং শহরটা ভারত-ইতিহাসের চমত্‌কার এক কন্টিনিউয়িটি।

এই লোকসভা এলাকার মধ্যেই সারনাথ। এখান দিয়ে কখনও হেঁটে গিয়েছেন গৌতম বুদ্ধ, তারও পরে শঙ্করাচার্য, মাধ্ব এবং রামানুজ। উত্তর ভারতের আর কোনও তীর্থস্থানে এত দক্ষিণী মঠ নেই। অন্ধ্র, কেরল, তামিলনাড়ুর ভিড়ও এত প্রবল ভাবে আছড়ে পড়ে না।

সবচেয়ে বড় বৈশিষ্ট্য অন্যত্র। কেদারেশ্বর থেকে রামেশ্বর, কামেশ্বর, গোপেশ্বর, ওঙ্কারেশ্বর, মদমহেশ্বর...উত্তর থেকে দক্ষিণ ভারতের প্রতিটি বিখ্যাত শিবলিঙ্গই এ শহরে প্রতিষ্ঠিত।

তা নিয়ে অজস্র উপকথা।

আমরা ভারতের মাটির গন্ধ পাই এখানে।

বারাণসীর অদূরেই মার্কণ্ডেয় মহাদেবের দেউল। ভব্যতা ও গাম্ভীর্যে এই শিবালয় স্থাপত্যগৌরবে ও বৃহৎ ফণাছত্রধারী শিবের লিঙ্গমূর্তির আকর্ষণে অপ্রতিরোধ্য।

গঙ্গাতীরেই একটি গ্রামে এই মন্দির। তবে সেখানে পাষাণসোপান-সহ কোনও ঘাট নেই। এক দিকে গ্রাম ও পরপারে শস্যক্ষেত্র। এর মাঝ দিয়ে জাহ্নবী প্রবাহিতা। অদূরে গঙ্গা ও সরযূর সঙ্গম।

গ্রামের পথ গিয়ে মিশেছে গঙ্গায়। মহিষ, গ্রামবালক ও নারীরা স্নান করছে নদীতে। সে এক অনন্য অভিজ্ঞতা। ‘শিবের জটা থেকে গঙ্গার ধারা প্রতিদিনের মাটির বুক বেয়ে চলেছে’।

সনাতন ভারতের স্বাদ, গন্ধ, স্পর্শ পেতে হলে পড়তে পারেন আপনারা।

ভেসে যাবেন দাদারা।
410 reviews194 followers
December 29, 2015
Scholarly retelling of the oral histories and traditions that make Banaras, or Varanasi what it is today. I was there last month on a sudden visit that I couldn't plan properly, and therefore couldn't read up on enough. However, for people who are going to make the trip, and who, like me, are city-bred Hindus and are ignorant of much of what makes up the religion they follow, this is a much needed book. Banaras's beliefs and mythic concepts are a great place to start learning about what constitutes 'Hinduism', what makes it such an all-encompassing and uniquely liberal and receptive religion.

One of the ideas I was very taken with in the books was that of India's 'sacred geography'. This strikes me as a very important concept in understanding the idea of India and that of its borders, natural or man-made. In all, I quite enjoyed what is definitely a very erudite and impassioned study of one of the world's greatest cities.
27 reviews3 followers
April 22, 2017
I remember reading this book cursorily many years back, when a friend lent me a copy with high recommendations. After an unplanned and brief first visit to Banaras earlier this year, I realised that I really knew very little about the great city, even though I spent days browsing the internet before the visit. I obtained this book among several others on return, and have thus far read the majority of them carefully, making profuse notes. This review is the result of this near - simultaneous and detailed reading of several well-researched and remarkable books.

The first thing that strikes the reader is about the present book is the meticulous research that has gone in and the sincerity with it has been presented in the book. This makes it a very important primary resource to go to for the serious tourist, even though it does not appear to have been revised after the first printing (1983). However for the serious Indian reader many inaccuracies and incorrect or untenable premises reduce the value of the book significantly. I have listed below a few to illustrate the problem:

- The Rudram is claimed to be part of the Shatapatha Brahmana (pp 69)! In fact the Rudram consists of the 5th and 7th Prapathakas of the 4th Kanda of the Taittiriya recension of the Black Yajur Veda (I am less sure where it occurs in the White Yajur Veda). Some hymns are repeated in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad.
-It was Sultana Razia who built the Razia Bibi Mosque at Chowk on the supposed site of the original Moksha Lakshmi Vilasa temple (pp 132). In fact, the mosque was supposed to be built by a princess Razia of Jaunpur, to forestall the reconstruction of the temple.
- Jagannatha Panditaraya was patronised by Shah Jahan and Dara Shikoh (pp 217). In fact Jagannatha's original patron was Asaf Khan, the uncle of Noorjahan, the chief queen of Jahangir. He was at the court of Jahangir, and moved from the Mughal court soon after the latter's death (please see my blog HTTP://bsvprasad.wordpress.com for a post on Jagannatha and his works)

The book is clearly the result of an academic research project, and it shows. Even though the author says that she was "close enough to the Hindu tradition to see its religious significance" in the Preface (pp xiii), several incorrect, contentious, even fanciful conclusions are drawn bacause of adopting conjectural academic viewpoints, such as the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT). A few examples:

- The belief on pp 200 that the Birs of Banaras are Yakshas, whereas they are quite clearly hero-stones (Viragals) of great antiquity
- "Non-Aryan" deities (Ganesha, Hanuman, Nrisimha and others) can be identified by being part animals and by the vermilion coat they get (pp 200 and elsewhere)! This is very contentious and very difficult to prove; I know that the vermilion coat is common to all deities who are Rudras.
- The conjecture that sun worship is borrowed from Zoroastrianism in the first centuries of the CE (pp 76). The 12 solar deities called Adityas are very ancient Vedic deities. They are considered to be aspects of Vishnu/Narayana, the Maintainer. The concept that Narayana is stationed at the centre of the sun is familiar to all Hindus, and is recited as a creed in daily rituals such as the Sandhyavandana by the devout.
- Theory that the Dikpalakas such as Indra and Agni have been "pushed to the corners" by later Hindu thought (pp 295). This is an untenable premise; the Dikpalakas are as important as they have always been. This is attested to by the standard Pooja process which involves inviting all the Dikpalakas and offering them the upacharas before the actual worship starts.

However, this does not diminish the value of the huge amount of information, painstakingly collected and systematically presented. The sincerity and feeling for the subject are unquestionable. Anecdotal parts and quotations from traditional texts (such as the Kashi Khanda) are presented with great feeling and lyricism. The book contains some of the finest elucidations of Advaita Vedanta and the Indian culture and attitudes I read anywhere. The author was also fortunate to attend the lectures of the great Karpatri Swami.

All this makes it all the more intriguing that the book has not been revised in any way after the first printing in 1983; quite clearly this is a successful book that has gone through multiple reprints. The lack of updation also reduces its value somewhat for the tourist. Most of the photographs have a 1970's appearance. The acknowledgements section misspells the name of the first person acknowledged (pp 407) and it has never been corrected through all these years!
Profile Image for Amrita.
26 reviews2 followers
December 4, 2021
This book is almost encyclopaedic, not in its size but in its scope, with respect to Hinduism and Banaras. Learned more from this book about the city I've grown up in and the religion I've grown up indoctrinated in than I have from the countless incantations, hymns and exhortations of the divine at home over the years. It was fascinating to journey through the documentation of the cultural and religious history of Banaras, inextricably linked with the history of Hinduism itself, in all of its forms. I've certainly got a lot more roaming around to do in the city after this book. I also have a new-found appreciation for all the crumbling bits of this city that I've always had a complicated relationship with. The unassuming rock near my house is a centuries old shrine??? The random pond in front of my favourite cafe dates back to atleast the early 19th century???? Yeah, reading this book was basically being pleasantly surprised every 5 mins about things I wouldn't even care to glance at for more than a couple seconds around here.

Would highly recommend this book to anybody ever planning a trip to Banaras, which is a trip that I would also highly recommend atleast once.
Author 9 books10 followers
April 19, 2011
This is a great book and after reading it I had a better grasp of Hinduism. It is not light reading though.
Profile Image for Gideon.
54 reviews
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December 25, 2024
Heel interessant en goed geschreven boek. Je leert veel over Hindoeïsme aan de hand van de heilige stad Varanasi.
Profile Image for Mansi.
117 reviews
September 6, 2019
A very detailed novel.The love of Diana Eck for the sacred geography of Kashi has been poured in the pages. It meticulously covers all the aspects of Varanasi: the geography, the times of various yatras and pilgrimages and of course the mythological stories. It is does not mince words in describing how the numerous temples fell because of the muslim pillagers and invaders.Treasured and such fantastic,old and divine temples have been lost to us due the impositions of preserving this "shared culture" instead of calling a snake a snake. There was a fun trivia fact for me on almost every page. The novel ends at 77%; the rest is glossary and appendages for the research the author has done.
Profile Image for Tarun Rattan.
199 reviews4 followers
March 29, 2018
Banaras is where civilisation began and this book traces those first steps of mankind in a masterly account. This book is an achievement and is a scholarly journal covering the history of the most important city on the face of earth. Humans might have originated in Africa but they only got civilised when they first reached the shores of Ganges and populated this first city known by myriad set of names like Varanasi, Banaras, Kashi and so many others. Hindus believe that Banaras has always been there since eternity and will survive the end by rising again from ashes of the universe. It is eternal, ever intact and is virtually indestructible. In contemporary history it was attacked in the most brutal manner for more than a thousand years by muslim hordes but miraculously still retains its original character. Diana Elk has given the world a real treasure and to really understand human history everybody should educate themselves with the heritage that Banaras represents.
Profile Image for Udit Srivastava.
107 reviews6 followers
February 7, 2019
I recently made a two day solo trip to arguably the oldest city in the world-Varanasi and explored it on foot.
This book caught my attention at New Delhi airport and something inside me felt attracted towards it.
It is a wonderfully researched piece of work which details the history, myths , legends behind every significant place in this city . It just feels like you are travelling the city with Prof. Diana as your guide.
She takes you from the bylanes of Kachori Gali to Rajghat Plateau and again back to Dashaswamedha and Manikarnika with the same fervour as it was when you started the journey.
As someone who sees cities as objects with life, this book has strengthened my connect with the city which i visited barely for a day.
Profile Image for Sriram Ravichandran.
32 reviews17 followers
February 21, 2020
Such a masterpiece wouldnt have been possible without the Anugraha of Ishvara himself. Diana Eck carefully records the minutest details of the city, its history, its vast riches of temples, the Ganges and many ghats in its banks and what it means to Hindus who visit, live and die here. She has relied on the rich textual history provided in the Puranas and other texts while carefully balancing the symbolism with the facts provided.

Above all, Eck takes the reader on a spiritual journey on what it would mean to know and perceive Shiva in every inch of Kashi. Forever grateful to her for writing this stunning book.

Om Namah Shivaya
Profile Image for Sajith Kumar.
725 reviews144 followers
October 14, 2024
The root of the Sanskrit word ‘Kashi’ (Banaras) is ‘kash’ which means luminant. Literally, this may refer to the legendary jyotirlinga which is said to have filled the city in the beginning of time. Setting aside the myth, Kashi was the source of light that illuminated the religious life of Hindu India. People from all walks of life flock to Varanasi for pilgrimage. If they could die in the city, moksha was guaranteed to them. Hundreds of temples, ashrams, ghats and religious seminaries sprang up in due course of time. This refreshing book is a study and interpretation of Banaras from the standpoint of one who acts as a bridge between the Hindu and Western academic and religious traditions. It examines all origin myths connected to the birth of the city, the temples for their significance to specific rituals or legends, the practices and objectives of pilgrims and also how this city, liberating one from the ties and knots of life repeating again and again, is reconciled with the general philosophical outlook of Hinduism. Diana L. Eck was professor of comparative religion and Indian studies in the department of South Asian studies at Harvard University. She has written three other books on Hindu religious tradition. She has also worked commendably for American religious pluralism.

India is very diverse and has had political unity only for a very short time in its history spanning several millennia. But one thing Hindu India has held in common is a shared sense of its sacred geography (p.38). There are pilgrims who would carry a pot of Ganges water from the Himalayas all the way to Rameshwaram in the South in order to pour that water on the Shiva linga there. And from Rameshwaram they would carry the sands of the seashore back to deposit in the Ganges on their return north. Pilgrims who visit Kashi stand in a place empowered by the whole of India’s sacred geography as it is a single place that embodies all tirthas of India. The rise and sanctity of Kashi is simply beyond easy comprehension. Eck quotes a missionary who commented on it and put in such a way that it can’t be improved upon. His remark was that ‘when Babylon was struggling with Nineveh for supremacy; when Tyre was planting her colonies; when Athens was growing in strength; before Rome had become known or Greece had contended with Persia; or Cyrus had added lustre to the Persian monarchy or Nebuchadnezzar had captured Jerusalem and the inhabitants of Judaea had been carried into captivity, Varanasi had already risen to greatness, if not to glory’.

The author has gone into the details of worship of deities in Kashi. The number of deities is considerably small even though they are adored in numerous aspects relevant to a tale or incident in the epics. It is generally accepted that Kashi is the city of Shiva where the other gods have no jurisdiction. Even the god of death Yama is powerless here and Shiva himself is believed to chant the sacred mantra to cross the ocean of worldly ways to attain bliss into the ears of the dying. Anyone who dies in Kashi is said to attain nirvana straight away. However, it is not the city of Shiva alone. He shares the place with the whole pantheon of gods without rancour. The so-called Shaivism and Vaishnavism go hand in hand here. To an outsider, Kashi may appear as a disordered, crowded jungle of temples. But to those Hindus whose vision is recorded in the mahatmyas of Kashi, these temples are all part of an ordered whole with its divine functionaries and its own constellation of deities. Their vision is embodied in the sacred geography of the city. The deities of Varanasi envelope the entire spectrum of Hinduism which even contains goddesses or yoginis whose origins were non-Vedic and non-Brahminical. These are found in abundance here.

While remaining the most important religious centre of Hinduism, Varanasi was also a place of substance for Buddhists where Buddha had delivered his first sermon at Sarnath. It had a significant Buddhist presence until the twelfth century CE, when Qutb ud-din Aibak’s armies demolished Sarnath as well as Varanasi’s great temples. While the Hindus recovered from the blow, the Buddhist tradition which was dependent entirely upon its monks, monasteries and centres of learning was virtually eliminated (p.57). The book then glances upon the devastating centuries in which Muslim powers ruled over the ancient city and either destroyed or converted many ancient temples as mosques. In a classic case of understatement, Eck remarks that ‘the Muslim centuries were for the most part hard’ (p.83). The temples of Kashi were destroyed at least six times during these years. Muhammad Ghuri, Firuz Shah Tughlaq, Mahmud Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur, Sikandar Lodi, Shah Jehan and Aurangzeb destroyed the temples on a large scale. Aurangzeb was very particular in razing prominent temples including Vishweshwara, Krittivasa and Bindu Madhava. Their sites were forever sealed from Hindu access by the construction of mosques. Aurangzeb even named the city Mahmudabad but the name didn’t stick (p.83). The situation is so pathetic that there is no religious sanctuary in Varanasi now that predates the time of Aurangzeb. So exhaustive was the destruction wrought by this Mughal.

The author has visited all the religious places described in the book and asserts how effortlessly they blend with the cosmopolitan faith of the devotees. She confesses that ‘some of the temple I sought out, which had clearly been important in the era of the Sanskrit literature, no longer exists. Some such sites are now occupied by mosques’ (p.xiv). Despite its fame, today’s Vishwanatha temple has none of the magnificence, architectural splendour or antiquity as India’s great classical temples in Odisha or South India. Today, atop the ruins of old Vishwanatha temples, sit two different mosques, one built in the thirteenth century by Razia and one in the seventeenth century by Aurangzeb (p.120). The mosque of Aurangzeb is said to have transformed the old Hindu edifice without entirely purging its soul. One wall of the old temple is still standing, set like a Hindu ornament in the matrix of the mosque (p.127). The book also places on record the universal reverence the city of Kashi evoked from all parts of India. An inscription of twelfth century in South India records that a certain king of Karnataka set up a fund to help the pilgrims of his area pay the Muslim-imposed tax so that they could visit Vishweshwara in Varanasi (p.132).

It is a great blessing for Hindus to live and die in Varanasi. Then why doesn’t everybody live there? This book looks into the intricacies of lore and finds that Dandapani, a member of Shiva’s entourage, is the judge in this matter. He is the divine sheriff who sees into the many lifetimes through which a person has travelled. From Dandapani’s divinely advantaged point of view, the learned Brahmin may be no better than the poor beggar. Life and death are two simultaneous aspects of living in Varanasi and it is also a living and transforming symbol with double-edged power. Several tirthas with life-giving waters of creation and also the cremation grounds with its burning fires of destruction and liberation occur side by side here. One need not travel the globe in search of the sacred, for he has come to Kashi. Other sacred places of India are replicated in the city, be it tirthas, temples, lakes or even geography. Varanasi is witness to the union of Shiva and his Shakti and is a visible and earthly ford in the crossing to the far shore of liberation. The relevance of Kashi in the philosophical scenario of Hinduism is also examined. If one internalizes the truly luminous wisdom, he need not go on a pilgrimage anymore; and yet pilgrims continue to come to Kashi to walk on its streets, to bathe in the waters, to see the divine images and to see the city itself. Banaras is a good place to die and this fact makes it a good place to live. Moksha is only the last of the four stages of life. Only by ripening the fruit of life in each stage is one truly ready for the fruits of death. The throbbing heart of the book is the part which links Varanasi to the pulsating life of the society living within it. Kashi is not the city of moksha alone; it belongs to dharma and kama also. In India, kama is more than sexual pleasure. It is the attitude that informs all that people do for the sheer love of doing it, all that they enjoy simply because it is enjoyable. It is also the aesthetic enjoyment of music or art. Kashi is famous for its traditions of music and dance. Its courtesans in history were famous and wealthy right from the time of Buddha himself.

This book is a mandatory read for anyone who wants to understand the city better and to feel the spirit of the city in a meaningful way. A tourist to the place should read this book. So does a pilgrim, an administrator, a politician, a student or even a businessman. Whatever may be their field of specialty, everybody who treads the ancient streets and bylanes of Kashi should try to grasp something of the soul of Kashi, for which this book is absolutely essential. It observes that ‘there’s little in the world to compare with the splendour of Banaras, seen from the river at dawn’. Likewise, it provides other perspectives to comprehensively absorb the psyche of the city. It includes several illustrations of notable places of Varanasi made by James Princep, who was an archaeologist, numismatist and epigraphist, in the early nineteenth century. The book was first published 41 years ago in 1983, but due to its fame as the ‘eternal city of India’, all parts of the book and its descriptions stay relevant and applicable with little modification or revision.

The book is highly recommended.
Profile Image for Tapas.
40 reviews2 followers
September 19, 2021
I was born here, did my schooling here, yet Prof Diana made me realise that I know very little about this place. This is an absolute gem, a literary masterpiece, a must read book. Now why should you read it? Obvious answer - you want to know more about the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. Not so obvious answer - you want to understand the origin, growth and transformation of Hinduism. The whole culture and tradition of worshipping, the growth of Vaishanivism and Shaivism, the impact of Buddhism and finally changes caused by Islamic invasions to it. The word 'extensive' does little justice to amount of research done for this book and the word 'remarkable' sounds modest when expressing the quality and content of it.
Keeping all this aside, this book (albeit unintentionally) takes you on a spiritual (not religious) journey which I think is worth taking once in a while.
39 reviews2 followers
December 17, 2018
One of the most enlightening books I have read this year. It's wonderful to note the depth the author has gone about Kashi.... and how many books she has read and consulted people to gather information! I didnt know so much abt Kashi being a Hindu and an Indian.

Hats off ma'am. And This is the longest I have have spent to read a book nearly 2 years....
Profile Image for Chris Lemig.
Author 6 books17 followers
July 13, 2008
Not your standard bathroom reader to be sure. Dense, scholarly but suprisingly readable. Recommended to anyone traveling to Bararas (the holy city of the Hindus) in the near future. (Oh, I'm so witty!).
Profile Image for Abhiram Bathina.
4 reviews
August 28, 2018
An in deep and research backed with facts book. Must read for people visting banares, gives you new things to add to your adventure. The writer deals with some subjects with such compassion you would find find those places and experience them.
Profile Image for Mary.
4 reviews
April 28, 2009
I learned much, much about Hinduism via geographical, architectural and historical details about one of the spiritual centers.
72 reviews
January 13, 2011
nice introduction to banaras; good balance of mysticism tempered by solid historical research
Profile Image for Siddhartha Das.
99 reviews11 followers
June 9, 2017
Banaras - explained through mythological, theological, geographical and in a common sense way
Profile Image for Deepak Singhanwal.
57 reviews
October 5, 2018
The book I was was looking for and loved. If you wan tto know about The city, there is no other scripture you would need.
Profile Image for Jayakrishna.
129 reviews2 followers
August 1, 2024
If you know the difference between Prayer and Darshan and want to understand the westerners view of Kashi only then pick up this book to read
Profile Image for Charu Govil.
31 reviews5 followers
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December 16, 2022
Banaras has always intrigued me so, when I came across this book in a book club, I ordered it. And this book did not disappoint me. Even though it has been written by a westerner, it provides in depth knowledge about the place, its culture and its history. It is a well-researched book which throws light on the Sanskrit scriptures relating to Varanasi, geographical texts, information from Brahmins and the city life.
 
Unfortunately, Indians have never been in a habit of documenting neither their places nor their travels. To know more about our country, religion and traditions from the historical aspect, we tend to rely on accounts of foreigners who visited India, were mesmerised by its beauty, allure and diversity.
 
In this book, it is evident from the opening lines to her preface that the author is in love with this place:
“I first knew Banaras 15 years ago when I studied for a year at Banaras Hindu University. It was an awesome city - captivating, challenging and endlessly fascinating. Benaras raised some of the questions about the Hindu tradition which have interested me ever since - it’s complex mythological imagination, its prodigious display of divine images, its elaborate ritual traditions and its understanding of the relation of life and death.”
 
The book begins with a detailed map of Banaras, which I referred time and again while reading the text. Diana, the author gives vivid descriptions of the life in the holy city, which has attracted millions of pilgrims and seekers from all over India for over 2500 years. The author is fascinated by the early morning activity in the city - the students practising yogic exercises, Brahmins performing puja in the numerous temples and shrines, students in ashrams preparing for the day and most importantly bahkts taking a holy dip in the Ganga.
 
She also documents about the art and culture prevalent in this city during the different time periods and under reign of different rulers. Shiva is known to be the Lord of Kashi and thus a complete chapter is dedicated to Shiva who made Kashi his home. Shiva temples number in thousands here. Shaiva renouncers and ascetics throng the monasteries of the city.
 
The author also writes in detail about the other Gods who visited Kashi or made it their home and are worshipped in this city of lights. She gives references from the scriptures to elucidate her point. This city is different from all others because dying here, one gains liberation from the earthly round of samsara.
 
The book has been elegantly written, in a fluid manner giving an account of the rituals, myths and literature associated with city. Though the topic is heavy but the writing style keeps the reader engaged and fascinated. A must read!!
Profile Image for Rajiv Chopra.
721 reviews16 followers
March 31, 2025
Diana Eck’s book, ‘Banaras,’ is magnificent, and anyone interested in Banaras must read the book. She made one error at the start of the book. She wrote the Muslim kings founded Delhi in the 12th or 13th century, which is incorrect. The Tomar Rajputs founded the first city of Delhi – Lal Kot – around the 7th century CE.
I had read the book many years back and picked it up again while preparing for my blog essays on Benares. The city remains the same whether you call it Benares, Kashi, or Varanasi.
The book starts with a historical perspective of the city: it is one of the oldest living cities in the world, one that has undergone repeated transformation and has been ravaged by invading kings through the ages. I did not know that the city owes the current stepped structure of the ghats to the Maratha kings.
You will learn a lot when you read the book. The book is a celebration of the city in a Hindu religious context. Diana Eck celebrates the city’s connection with Shiva, recounts many myths, and describes the many temples in the context of Shiva and Vishnu.
Hindu mythology is bewildering, and she has done an admirable job of filtering and choosing only those tales and myths that relate to Benares. She next explored Varanasi’s many facets and how the city is integral to Hindu belief. As she said, the city is one for all seasons, for all Indians, and is a city of life and death. When visiting Benares, you will see the burning ghats next to the main ghats, and while this may surprise and disturb many people, life and death go together.
The book mentions the Muslims who broke down temples—Razia Sultan and Aurangzeb—but does not fully explore the Buddhist connection. After all, the Gautama Buddha delivered his sermon here after he attained nirvana.
This minor issue aside, this is an excellent book, and if you are keen to study Benares, you must also read it.
Profile Image for Ankita Sahani.
72 reviews3 followers
April 20, 2025
This is a sort of tradition I have made, to buy a book of every place I visit or have lived. So Banaras was next on the list. Having lived in the city for about 2 years, growing to love it with all my heart, I wanted to know all its deepest secrets and long lost stories. What better book but this, "Banaras by Diana L. Eck".

" 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘴, 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘵 𝘥𝘢𝘸𝘯. "

It is a book about the geography, history and culture of this sacred city that's older than time itself. For this city is one of the oldest continuously inhabited city of the world. It is chaotic, yes, but there's this unworldly feeling you experience, as if there's magic imbued in the very air of the place. Kashi, the luminous city of Shiva. Banaras, that lies between the Varuna and Asi river. Avimukta, one that is never forsaken.

The book talks about the sacred geography of the city in detail— of its temples and ghats, of its destruction and the still ongoing struggle of its reestablishment. Of its history— the past glories and its desecration. Of temples lost and rebuild. Of tirthas long forgotten. Of its culture— for it's the city of light and the city of death. Of the essence that is Banaras. Of its various rites and rituals. And most prominently of Shiva. Of his love and longing for the city.

The next time I'm in Banaras, I'll be looking at it from different eyes altogether. I'll see a Banaras as it was when it was the forest of bliss. I'll see the long lost lakes, rivulets and streams that once flowed through this holy land. I'll see Banaras as if I'm seeing it for the first time.

" 𝘛𝘰 𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘦𝘳𝘢, 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘳𝘢 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘲𝘶𝘪𝘵𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘣𝘺 𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘺. "

Read it if you're a reader and you're going to visit the city. Read it If you're a banarasi, even if this is the only book you ever read in your life. Read it if you love Banaras.
Profile Image for Mahesh.
87 reviews
September 27, 2025
ಡಯಾನಾ ಎಲ್ ಏಕ್ ರ 'ಬನಾರಸ್ ಸಿಟಿ ಆಫ್ ಲೈಟ್ '
ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಹಿಂದುಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಾಶಿ ಒಂದು ಪುಣ್ಯಸ್ಥಳ ಮದುವೆಯ ಕಾಶೀಯಾತ್ರೆಯಿಂದ ಹಿಡಿದು ನಮ್ಮ ಅಜ್ಜ ಅಜ್ಜಿಯರು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಅವರ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಪೂರ್ವಿಕರ ಕಾಶಿಯಾತ್ರೆಯ ಪ್ರಸಂಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಬಂಧಿಕರು ಕಾಶಿಯಾತ್ರೆ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಂಡಮೇಲೆ ಅವರು ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಕಾಶಿಸಮಾರಾಧನೆ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ ಹಾಗು ನಮ್ಮ ತಂದೆ ತಾಯಿಯರು ಅವರ ನಮ್ಮ ಪೂರ್ವಜರಿಗೆ ಮಾಡಿದ ಪಿಂಡಪ್ರದಾನ ನೆನಪಿಸಿ ತಮಗೂ ತಮ್ಮ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಆ ಭಾಗ್ಯ ಕರುಣಿಸಲಿಯೆಂದು ದೇವರಲ್ಲಿ ನಮಗೆ ನಾಟುವಂತೆ ಮೊರೆಯಿಡುವುದು ನಮ್ಮ ಬಾಲ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಮಗೆ ಕಾಶಿಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಬೆಳೆದ ಕುತೂಹಲ ಮುಂದೆ ನಾವುಗಳು ಕಾಶಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇನ್ನು ತಿಳಿದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಹಲವು ಪುರಾಣಗಳ ಶ್ರವಣದಿಂದ ಕಾಶಿಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂದು ತರಹದ ಕುತೂಹಲ ಬೆಳೆಸುತ್ತದೆ.ಭಾರತೀಯರಾದ ನಮಗೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿರುವ ಕಾಶಿ ವಿದೇಶಿಗರಿಗೆ ಅದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕುತೂಹಲ ಹೇಗೆ ಬೆಳೆಯಿತು ಮತ್ತು ಅವರು ಕಾಶಿಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ತಿಳಿದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕುಯೆಂದರೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಇದು ಹೇಳಿಮಾಡಿಸಿದ ಪುಸ್ತಕ,ಈ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಬಹಳ ಹಿಂದಿನದು ಈಗಿನ ಅಂತರ್ಜಾಲವಾಗಲಿ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಆಗಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲದ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳ ಓದಿ, ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ, ಸುತ್ತಾಡಿ,ಚರ್ಚಿಸಿ,ವಿಮರ್ಶಿಸಿ,ಸಂದರ್ಶಿಸಿ ಈ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಬರೆದಿರುವುದು ಬಹಳ ಶ್ಲಾಗನೀಯ.ನನಗೆ ಕಾಶಿ ಅಥವ ವಾರಣಾಸಿ ಅಂದರೆ ಮೊದಲಿಗೆ ಬರುವುದು ಕಾಶಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ದೇವಾಲಯ ಹಾಗು ವಿಶಾಲಾಕ್ಷಿ ದೇಗುಲ ಹಾಗು ದಶಾಶ್ವಮೇಧ ಘಾಟ್, ಹರಿಶ್ಚಂದ್ರ ಘಾಟ್, ತಾಯಿ ಗಂಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ನಿರಂತರ ದಹಿಸುವ ಸ್ಮಶಾಣವಷ್ಟೆ. ಇನ್ನೂ ಮುಂದೆ ಕಾಶಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕುತೂಹಲ ಮೂಡಿಸಿದ್ದು ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಗಳಾದ ಪರ್ವ ಹಾಗು ಸಾರ್ಥವೆನ್ನಬಹುದು, ಈ ಪುಸ್ತಕವಂತೂ ಕಾಶಿಯ ಇಂಚಿಂಚು ಜಾಲಾಡಿ ಬರೆದಂತೆ ಕಾಣಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ವಿದೇಶಿಯರಿಗೆ ಸೆಳೆಯುವ ಕಾಶಿಯ ಮರ್ಮವೇನು ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿಯಲು ಈ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಓದಬಹುದು.
Profile Image for Connor Usry.
115 reviews4 followers
October 1, 2019
Enthralling book about the intertwined myth and history of Banaras (aka Varanasi, aka Kashi...etc). A must read for anyone who is visiting the city; it shed light on so many of the subtleties of the city I would have missed out on.

Eck does an incredible job of demonstrating how impossible it is to separate the facts from the legends of the holiest city in Hinduism. He lays out stories of the Gods for the Hindu layman, like myself, that relate directly to the forming and importance of Banaras. Everything from the origin story of Shiva, to descriptions of why this “city of light” cleanses all sins and allows all to achieve Moksha.

The small tidbits in this book really gave me a greater appreciation for a city that is perhaps my favorite I’ve ever visited in the world.
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