This is Chapter 7 of the book Creating Effective Organizations. This chapter covers Job Specialization, Job Enlargement, and Job Enrichment; Job Specialization; Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment; Job Characteristics; Job Characteristics Model of Job Enrichment; Effects of Job Enrichment; Organizational Effectiveness; Criticisms of Job Enrichment; Alternative Work Schedules; Flextime; Permanent Part-Time; Job Sharing; Compressed Workweek; and Telecommuting.