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История на войните #12

9 Augustus 378: de dag van de barbaren

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In dit boek wordt het verhaal verteld van een veldslag die de wereldgeschiedenis heeft veranderd maar niet zo beroemd is als die bij Waterloo of Stalingrad. Velen hebben er zelfs nooit van gehoord. Er vielen ook geen honderdduizenden slachtoffers maar 'slechts' enkele tienduizenden. De gevolgen waren desalniettemin enorm. Nadat de Goten, op hun beurt opgejaagd door de Hunnen, het Romeinse Rijk al geruime tijd dreigden binnen te vallen, wisten zij de Romeinen in 378 een belangrijke nederlaag toe te brengen en hun militaire leider, keizer Valens, te doden. Met deze slag bij Adrianopel, het tegenwoordige Edirne in het Europese deel van Turkije, wordt een reeks van gebeurtenissen in gang gezet die meer dan een eeuw later heeft geleid tot het einde van het West-Romeinse Rijk. Volgens sommigen markeert 'Adrianopel' het einde van de Oudheid en het begin van de Middeleeuwen.

173 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2005

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About the author

Alessandro Barbero

102 books854 followers
Si laurea in lettere nel 1981 con una tesi in storia medievale all'Università di Torino. Successivamente perfeziona i suoi studi alla Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa e nel 1984 vince il concorso per un posto di ricercatore in Storia Medievale all'Università degli studi di Roma "Tor Vergata".
Nel 1996 vince il Premio Strega con il romanzo "Bella vita e guerre altrui di Mr. Pyle, gentiluomo".
Dal 1998, in qualità di professore di Storia Medievale, insegna presso l'Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro".
Oltre a saggi storici, è anche scrittore di romanzi.
Collabora con il quotidiano "La Stampa", e lo speciale "Tuttolibri", la rivista "Medioevo" e con l'inserto culturale del quotidiano "Il Sole 24 Ore". Dal 2007 collabora ad una rubrica di usi e costumi storici nella trasmissione televisiva "Superquark".
Il governo della Repubblica Francese gli ha conferito il titolo di “Chevalier de l’ordre des Arts et des Lettres”.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 104 reviews
Profile Image for Patryx.
459 reviews152 followers
June 28, 2018
Mi è piaciuto molto questo breve saggio che, con un taglio divulgativo, cerca di inquadrare i diversi fattori che hanno contribuito alla fine dell’Impero Romano. L’autore utilizza delle categorie di analisi originali (almeno per me che la storia a scuola l’ho sempre subita senza grandi passioni) e restituisce una complessità lontana dagli schematismi dei libri di storia scolastici (almeno dei miei).
La questione epistemologica (valida in generale e non solo nella sua applicazione storiografica) su cui si costruisce il racconto di Barbero è la complessità delle vicende umane; la semplificazione è spesso un artifizio metodologico (utile in molti casi) che consente di approfondire dei piccoli aspetti dei fenomeni ma poi, nel momento in cui si tenta un’interpretazione più generale, lo studioso deve tener conto dell’orizzonte più ampio da cui ha ritagliato le variabili del suo studio.
Dipingere la realtà enfatizzando i contrasti (in questo caso specifico Romani vs. Barbari) riducendo, sino a eliminarle, le sfumature probabilmente è rassicurante e, a modo suo, anche attraente ma del tutto falso.
La storia che io ho imparato a scuola, invece, era tutta fondata su schematismi e semplificazioni; mentre leggevo il libro di Barbero ho pensato che forse si trattava di conquiste recenti della storiografia e per tale ragione nei miei libri ci fossero altre interpretazioni; invece leggendo la bibliografia ragionata dell’ultimo capitolo ho capito che non era per niente così. Spero che adesso la situazione sia differente perché un approccio più critico e problematico è la strada per lo sviluppo di una capacità critica che si ponga il problema dell’affidabilità delle fonti e che guardi con sospetto tutte le analisi fondate sulla semplificazione dei fenomeni, siano essi storici, sociali o politici.
Profile Image for Irina Elena.
724 reviews167 followers
May 17, 2013
When I told my history teacher that this book has shit grammar, he told me that the author had probably written it that way to make it more understandable to "young people".

I am worried for today's people. And not just the young.
Profile Image for Jim.
2,421 reviews800 followers
February 26, 2011
The more I look around at the world political situation, the more interested I become in the later Roman Empire. Having just finished Alessandro Barbero's book The Day of the Barbarians: The Battle That Led to the Fall of the Roman Empire, I think that it is a worthy contribution to the historical literature of the era -- though I think that Barbero would most likely not agree with the subtitle that the publishers attached to his book. As he writes regarding the aftermath of the battle of Adrianople:
Yet dramatic interpretations of this sort -- what might be called the "clash of civilizations" reading of history -- do not stand up very well under close examination. The Roman army was too large an organism to die in a single battle; in fact, it kept on fighting for several centuries, and did so rather well. Besides, it was already changing of its own accord. To imagine a radical difference between the two armies of [Eastern Roman Emperor] Valens and [Ruler of the Goths] Fritigern, identifying the former with the Roman past and the latter with the medieval future, is to believe that Rome and the barbarians were two separate realities unconnected with each other. In reality, the two armies were almost identical, constituted in more or less the same way and armed with the same weapons.
It is this type of nuanced approach that makes Barbero such fascinating reading. The author of earlier books on Waterloo and on Charlemagne's empire, Barbero is a historian whose work is worth tracking.
Profile Image for charta.
306 reviews5 followers
August 12, 2012
Appassionante ma rigorosa è la ricostruzione degli avvenimenti che culminarono nella disfatta del 9 agosto 378 subita dai romani. Fu questa sconfitta epocale e non la deposizione dell'imbelle Romolo Augustolo a decretare la morte dell'Impero.
Per l'Occidente avvenimento pari alla scoperta delle Americhe o all'invenzione della stampa, è inspiegabilmente caduto nell'oblio. Barbero, storico di razza, ce lo restituisce intatto nella sua profondità e importanza.
Profile Image for Anjan.
147 reviews9 followers
September 20, 2015
This book reads like a movie, I devoured it one sitting. Then, I stood up from the bookstore chair and bought it.

The book uses the Battle of Adrianople in 378 AD as a narrative device to branch out and discuss aspects of the Roman Empire that lead up to what many consider a "symbolic" end to the Roman Empire. Of course, empires tend to crumble and morph rather than cease to exist, and the book takes this reality into consideration. But why would this war be symbolic of the end? This question is another great tool the author uses to explore the history of the Roman Empire and the lives of Romans. Book almost felt like time traveling.

Profile Image for Olethros.
2,724 reviews535 followers
November 18, 2016
-Una batalla muy influyente en el devenir de la historia.-

Género. Ensayo.

Lo que nos cuenta. Crónica de la situación del Imperio Romano y de las tribus godas en el siglo IV que desembocó, un 9 de agosto de 378, en la batalla de Adrianópolis, sobre cuyas consecuencias también se extiende el autor. Libro también conocido, en ediciones más recientes, como Adrianópolis: el fin del Imperio Romano.

¿Quiere saber más de este libro, sin spoilers? Visite:

http://librosdeolethros.blogspot.com/...
Profile Image for Adam  McPhee.
1,531 reviews347 followers
July 24, 2019
Very cool. Barbarians not as enemies at the gates, but as a problem of bureaucratic breakdown leading to an inability to cope with them. Barbero has a gift for creating vivid images from his sources, all the more impressive considering a lot of it's based off Averil Cameron's The Later Roman Empire and Ammianus Marcellinus, two books I struggled with when I tried to read them.

Almost makes me want to go back and read Marcellinus. Almost.
Profile Image for Antonio Fanelli.
1,030 reviews205 followers
December 18, 2014
bello.
Una storia che non conoscevo e una situazione tramandata in maniere del tutto falsa finalmente chiarita.
Bella scrittura, fonti e argomentazioni impeccabili.
Profile Image for Davide Olcese.
73 reviews12 followers
October 22, 2021
È un po' come se fosse (e immagino sia davvero) la trasposizione scritta di un intervento di Barbero a qualche convegno di quelli che ci ascoltiamo sempre in Podcast. Fila liscio che è un piacere, ad averne di divulgatori così!
Profile Image for Jason Golomb.
288 reviews26 followers
January 27, 2010

5.0 out of 5 stars Thoughtful and Readable History, January 14, 2010

Historians love to identify "notably rare moments" in history - symbolic dates that mark the end of one era and the beginning of another, states author Alessandro Barbero. World War II had its D-Day. Napoleon had his Waterloo. Was the Battle of Adrianople that notably rare moment in Roman history? "The Day of the Barbarians - The Battle that Led to the Fall of the Roman Empire" is a tightly written, 146-page review of a key moment in ancient Roman history, but Barbero argues that it's not that "rare moment" that lends itself to such dramatic interpretations.

The Romans were soundly beaten by a barbarian army on August 9, 378. It was a turning point in Roman history, but according to Barbero much less of an earth-shattering, all-or-nothing moment in time as other key battles in history. Barbero's emphasis is that the Battle at Adrianople was a key point in time for the Empire more due to the context surrounding the event, rather than the event itself.

What ultimately became an invasion, started slowly and steadily over time as immigration. Barbero writes, "Before the battle of Adrianople, the barbarian invasions had already begun." Barbero reminds us that the "Roman Empire already was a multiethnic crucible of languages, races, and religions, and it was perfectly capable of absorbing massive immigration without becoming destabilized."

In autumn of 376, barbarians massed along the northern shores of the Danube. They wanted to cross into the Empire because a new threat was looming in the West - the Huns were moving closer and their violent and deadly reputation preceded them.

As citizens of the empire grew increasingly resistant to military enlistment, the Empire looked to fill out its ranks from the outside. Barbero writes that "the barbarians were increasingly seen as...abundant, low-cost manpower...a potential resource that should not be wasted"

So Valens ordered his troops to help the barbarians across the Danube. Except there were too many of them, and despite a reputation for superlative logistics, the Roman army wasn't prepared. Ultimately, the starving and horribly uncomfortable barbarians revolted.

In the face of these challenges, Fritigern, a Gothic tribal chief, had been able to centralize enough cross-tribal power to lead thousands of barbarians on a two year war within the Empire's own boundaries.

Near the walls of Adrianople on the morning of August 9, 378 Valens' armies had finally rallied and moved to face the barbarians whose own armies were positioned on a nearby hilltop. As the battle began, numerous barbarian cavalry, who had been foraging away from their camps, emerged amid the hills near the battle. This became a key moment, in a key battle, at a key point in Roman history. The Roman army was overwhelmed and surrounded by too many riders. Their fate was sealed.

"Day of the Barbarians" is a very readable, enjoyable and engaging book. I'm not an academic and I felt that it had the right mix of historical background, research and most importantly to me, narrative. The book also has its requisite descriptions and analysis of strategic army movements and lively battle scenes. It may not be academic enough for the hardcore scholar, however this is a terrific book for insights into an instrumental period in Roman history.
Profile Image for Dvd (#).
514 reviews93 followers
February 13, 2017
Rapido, mai banale, molto molto ben scritto e scorrevole, ricco di osservazioni interessanti sul periodo che incornicia il tempo di uno dei fatti (che si tratti di una battaglia è solo un corollario) più importanti e meno conosciuti della storia d'Europa.

Dopo Adrianopoli l'Impero non sparisce, sembra anzi resistere con Teodosio negli anni successivi la catastrofe ma è solo l'ultima apparenza. Dopo Adrianopoli inizia un'altra epoca, dove il peso politico e militare dei popoli barbarici assume dimensioni sempre più grandi e, presto, da parte romana incontrollabile. Nasce lì il mondo romano-barbarico da cui noi più appropriamente proveniamo.

Ultimo appunto: quelle che noi chiamiamo invasioni barbariche furono, più correttamente, grandi migrazioni di popoli. Il tutto prese una piega catastofrica quando Roma non seppe più controllare quel flusso.
I tempi sono cambiati, però molti echi giungono fino a noi.

Con una differenza non da poco.

L'Impero, per la sua struttura economica, aveva un bisogno disperato di forza lavoro, sia nell'esercito che nelle campagne o nelle officine. Per questo i barbari erano prima di tutto preziosissima manodopera a buon mercato.

Gli Stati occidentali, oggi, per mille motivi, non necessitano di nuova manodopera (anzi, non riescono nemmeno a occupare tutta quella presente sul proprio territorio - la disoccupazione, nelle società antiche non meccanizzate, era ovviamente affare sconosciuto).

Quindi: come si gestiscono queste nuove, immense migrazioni?

Questo en passant . Sul libro, posso solo consigliarne l'interessantissima lettura.
Profile Image for Martinocorre.
335 reviews20 followers
April 4, 2020
Waterloo, Stalingrado, Adrianopoli sono tutte battaglie che rappresentano veri e propri punti di svolta nella storia umana ed il 9 agosto 378 è l'inizio della fine per l'impero romano.
Nato da una trasmissione radiofonica, questo libro è di agile lettura e regala una fotografia a pieni colori di quest'epoca lontana e molto stereotipata dagli anni di scuola. Barbero è bravissimo come sempre, in questo caso è come un pittore a cui bastano pochi tratti di pennello per dar vita ad un quadro e mi piace la lucidità di pensiero dell'autore perchè...è contagiosa.

Altra considerazione che volevo fare riguarda questo periodo storico in sè, perchè tutte le volte che leggo un libro sulla fine dell'impero mi si accendono tutti i campanelli e trovo mille paralleli con il momento che stiamo vivendo noi ora?
Profile Image for Tyrone_Slothrop (ex-MB).
848 reviews114 followers
August 2, 2017
Non fidatevi dei profughi

scorrevole saggio divulgativo di Barbero su una fondamentale battaglia, punto di svolta nella storia del declino dell'impero. L'autore è uno storico e si vede, i riferimenti alle fonti sono precisi, l'attenzione alla complessità dei fenomeni storici non manca mai. Forse ci si può perdere nel seguire i vari protagonisti della vicenda, le cui notizie sono per forza di cose frammentarie e non permettono di costruire veri personaggi come in un romanzo, ma la lettura procede spedita e soddisfacente. Non sapevo davvero che una delle più grandi disfatte dell'impero romano è nata da una crisi di profughi mal gestita....forse può insegnarci qualcosa anche a distanza di quasi 2000 anni....
Profile Image for Raimondo Visintin.
37 reviews
January 16, 2020
Colpisce la fluidità del racconto e la leggerezza della narrazione. L'autore fa rilevare come ai tempi dell'Impero Romano il concetto di razzismo riguardasse gli uomini dai tratti somatici nordici. Alti e biondi. Erano considerati gli inferiori: i Barbari appunto. Coloro che premevano ai limes in cerca di una vita migliore e della sicurezza di Roma.
Profile Image for Vanessa Calderoni.
155 reviews2 followers
October 20, 2020
L'unico modo per me di comprendere e trattenere informazioni sulla storia è ascoltare o leggere Barbero. Come fosse una favola per adulti. Ti trasporta e ti fa viaggiare nel tempo. Inestimabile
Profile Image for William Conti.
87 reviews2 followers
January 20, 2023
Un'intera popolazione in fuga dalla guerra preme sui confini della ricca nazione limitrofa chiedendo asilo. Questa, fiutando ampi margini di guadagno, accetta i profughi e inizia sin da subito a portargli via tutto, trattandoli in maniera disumana e infrangendo ogni accordo stipulato in partenza.
Alla fine i profughi s'incazzano.

Sembra proprio una vicenda contemporanea, invece siamo nell'età tardo imperiale e i profughi altri non sono che i goti, quella popolazione germanica che a scuola ci hanno insegnato essere tra i principali artefici della caduta dell'impero romano d'occidente.
Eppure tutta questa questa vicenda, dall'attraversamento del confine sul Danubio fino alla battaglia di Adrianopoli nei Balcani, si svolge interamente nella parte orientale dell'impero. Come mai?

Con il suo affermato stile divulgativo, Barbero ci racconta molte sfaccettature di questa sporca vicenda, importantissima se desideriamo comprendere chi erano gli immigrati per i romani, che valore avevano e come venivano gestiti dalla corrotta politica imperiale. Si fa presto a dire barbari, ma è molto importante saper vedere oltre queste faziosità.
35 reviews3 followers
February 2, 2023
This is a singularly gripping account of the pivotal battle of Adrianople. Having already read both Zosimus and Ammianus Marcellinus, I nevertheless found this a fine supplement with a more gripping narrative.

The story is, of course, instructive for modern Europe and the US: what happens when you welcome huge new populations, and fail to assimilate or integrate them in any way? History repeats itself: just as there is an anti-immigrant backlash today against the surge of refugees from Syria and North Africa, there was back then against the hundreds of thousands of Thervingii who crossed the Danube.
Profile Image for Tex-49.
743 reviews60 followers
October 19, 2024
Molto interessante questa storia di un periodo poco conosciuto dell'Impero romano; le considerazioni sulla multietnicità dell'impero, il carattere non proprio barbarico dei popoli migranti di allora e le diverse modalità con cui venivano affrontati tali afflussi, offrono spunti anche alla discussione attuale del problema dell'immigrazione.
La scrittura è scorrevole e leggibilissima.
Profile Image for Stefano Cucinotta.
Author 5 books50 followers
October 12, 2023
Un racconto asciutto e rapido di una data storica, che poi tanto storica non è. Non c'è la travolgente passione e ironia del Barbero divulgatore, e la gran parte dei lettori che arrivano da lì se ne andranno un po' mogi. È un approfondimento accurato e ben fatto, da affiancare ad altri studi, in una veste furbamente sexy quasi da graphic novel. Unica nota: c'è molto "pre" e molto "post", ma della data del titolo non viene descritto molto (ovviamente a causa delle fonti ufficiali).
455 reviews
November 2, 2015
This historian recounts the Battle of Adrianopolis in 378 AD, where the Roman army was overcome by the Goths-a battle which he believes was more or less the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire. Although the empire lasted about 100 more years, this great defeat signaled a change in the relations the Romans had with their barbarian neighbors.

I was not particularly interested in the military aspects of the battle(s) but found the politics and sociology very fascinating.
Valentinian was emperor in Rome, his uncle, Valens was the eastern emperor in Constantinople, although he spent most of his time in Antioch (Syria) and was unpopular in Constantinople. The relations between the Romans and the Goths were complex.Many Goths lived within the confines of the empire and were citizens and soldiers. There was always a need for manpower to bulk up the army in order to maintain borders in a huge geographical area, as well as to work lands that could provide goods and food. So when thousands of Goths on the east side of the Danube, pushed to the limits of their territory by the Huns from the east, begged to be allowed into Roman lands, Valens considered the advantages.
Problems emerged almost immediately.The very large and increasing numbers of Goths wanting to gain entry and Valens inability to manage the influx in terms of food, housing, provision of land, etc. The Goths became impatient when promises of a better life were broken and despite negotiations, war broke out. Although the Romans were at first confident, they were crushed by the Goths in the end. There were huge losses on both sides. The Roman army of the east was decimated. Valens was killed.
Theodosius, a former "western" general was brought back from Spain to become the Eastern Emperor. He made strides in restoring order by various edicts, including one making the Arian religion illegal. But the increasing use of foreigners in the armed forces eventually proved the undoing of Rome.

A well written and interesting book. I learned a lot about the time period and relationships between Rome and various "barbarian" groups. (They were considered barbarians even though many were Christians), but their habits, clothing and lifestyle was looked down upon by the sophisticated Romans.
Highly recommended for history buffs!
Profile Image for Eli.
342 reviews
September 3, 2024
Prima esperienza con Barbero, devo dire molto positiva. Spiegazioni chiare, approfondite (nonostante la brevità del testo) e inquadramento esaustivo che rende molto chiara l'evoluzione della Storia fino al tragico (per i romani) epilogo della battaglia di Adrianopoli.
Una bella lettura, in libreria ho altri due libri di Barbero e non vedo l'ora di approcciarli.
Profile Image for Giuliana Unlibropersognaregiuly.
349 reviews2 followers
January 26, 2020
Questo libro andrebbe inserito sotto un titolo ancora più grande e consegnato ai nostri politici odierni come: "Cose da NON fare con gli immigrati".
La battaglia di Adrianopoli segna di fatto la caduta dell'impero romano "tradizionale" come tutti noi abbiamo imparato sui banchi di scuola. Se di fatto la data della fine dell'impero è posticipata a livello storico, a livello pratico invece parte tutto da qui. Dalla presunzione di uomini che si credevano superiori quando non lo erano affatto, dalla corruzione che dilagava ormai su scala così vasta da essere diventata un'abitudine, dal fatto che la sola definizione di "barbari" facesse di un popolo degli inferiori. Gli esempi da riportare si sprecano, e come dicevo, le affinità con ciò che è accaduto in passato con quello che sta avvenendo ora sono davvero tantissime, e purtroppo, anche i sistemi che i governi adottano verso queste popolazioni sono ahimè le stesse. E' come se tra il 378 e il 2016 non vi fosse passato un giorno attraverso. Anche chi non è appassionato di storia può trovare comunque dei parallelismi inquietanti e paradossali tra quell'epoca e la nostra. Dà moltissimi spunti di riflessione e purtroppo anche un grande senso di tristezza e impotenza. Perchè, come qualcuno ha già scritto, "La vita è una ruota, e alla fine si torna sempre al punto di partenza".
Profile Image for Jane.
1,683 reviews238 followers
September 13, 2016
Concise, clear readable history of the Battle of Adrianople, Aug. 9, 378 AD: what precipitated it; description of Emperor Valens and the battle; the aftermath; and its importance to world history.

The subtitle was perhaps a little misleading. The author states:..."one actually discovers the great changes had begun much earlier" --[the influx of barbarians, notably the Goths, not necessarily an invasion, but a Volkswanderung: migration of people]. "Adrianople marks an abrupt, dramatic acceleration in the process by which the Roman Empire opened its borders to barbarian immigration and transforming the society, ... army, ... and the very government..."

After Alaric's sack of Rome, 410 AD, the West became weaker and weaker by degrees. 476 AD is used conveniently to mark the end of the Western Roman Empire, with the deposition of Romulus Augustulus. He is considered the last Western Roman Emperor. The Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire continued for nearly another thousand years, with its own history.

This short book is highly recommended. I only regret the one map was not in color; also that there were no diagrams laying out the forces at Adrianople or the prior skirmishes at Marcianople and The Willows [Ad Salices].
Profile Image for Sighris.
18 reviews
September 28, 2012
I finished this book several months ago while I was in India. I enjoyed reading it and got a better understanding of the "Fall of the Roman Empire". This book is relatively short and easy to read, however being short it leaves out a lot of information to focus on a few topics that (I guess) most other books on the Roman Empire have missed... so if you are interested in the causes of the collapse of the Roman Empire I recommend you add this little book to your reading list! Also, I noticed some similarities between the Roman Empire and the current situation for the USA today... as the saying goes, those who do not remember history are doomed to repeat past mistakes (or something like that).
Profile Image for Rob Roy.
1,555 reviews32 followers
December 16, 2019
This book is not about the end of the Roman Empire, but rather about the beginning of the end. A battle fought between Rome and the Goths gave Rome a defeat that they never fully recovered from, and showed the power of Calvary over Infantry thus opening the period of medieval warfare. Adrianople is not a battle most know of, but it may well be counted as one of the most important battles in history.
Profile Image for Ilmaji.
134 reviews1 follower
January 26, 2022
Come sempre un ottimo Barbero. Testo che scorre bene ed è di facile comprensione. Ottima la scelta della divisione in capitoli e paragrafi, che alleggerisce la lettura e da una sensazione di "chiusura" dei vari punti ed argomenti trattati.
Il tema è famoso e non credo vada spiegato, ne ha parlato il professore in tantissime conferenze.
Profile Image for Borislav Germanov.
192 reviews23 followers
May 20, 2021
Просто една от най-добрите книги от поредицата.
Profile Image for David.
40 reviews9 followers
December 12, 2019
Race War! Angry Immigrants! No, this is not the 21st century, but the 4th, in 376 CE.


The fall of the Roman Empire is admittedly a difficult subject to adequately explain, but the Gothic Wars and the defeat at Adrianople clearly should top any list. For the first time, the Roman Empire's boundaries were permanently reduced, and a barbarian tribe had breached the Rhine-Danube limes.

Far smarter intellectuals than I have tried to explain why Empires fall, but the aptly named Barbero provides a great analysis, zeroing in on the barbarian factor. The damage inflicted on the Empire, both materially and militarily, by the Gothic invasion, should not be understated.


History is sometimes like a pinball or domino game (to use the Vietnam war analogy). In short, the Huns migrated and pushed the Goths who migrated and pushed the Romans. So it can be said, but passion deserves its place too. Barbero presents this story of the Huns, Goths, and Romans in as exciting a way as the very popular Game of Thrones / A Song of Ice and Fire presents the story of Westeros, Jon Snow, wildlings and the horrific Others.


Like Westeros, by 376 the Roman Empire is no longer the unassailable powerhouse of an earlier era. Weakened by civil wars and grinding depopulation, the Empire 2.0 is now an authoritarian, top heavy structure that responds more to bureaucratic ideology and elitist market pressures than on the grounds popular needs. We see an unsettled era governed by out of touch elites, obviously raising unsettling questions for our own time.


Barbero examines the perils of mass immigration badly handled by corrupt officials and cruel overseers. Eventually the 'dog' bites back if mistreated, and boy were the Goths mistreated. Routinely enslaved, massacred, and punitively handled by Rome, but at the same time becoming more and more essential to an elitist Roman military agribusiness economy that saw them as valuable resources, the Goths were tinder on a pyre of Rome's flaws. The fireworks eventually exploded in the well-described battle of Adrianople


But I give this book 5 stars not only for its setting and great battle description, but also because it sympathetically handles the perspectives of multiple actors. That is increasingly rare nowadays. After the first round of injustice, it became very easy to understand the populist 'racist' resentment of the average Roman citizen, who found themselves abused if not outright murdered by the Empire's new, restive immigrants. Segregated and self-governed, the Goths are not Romans and know it; they seek different, clashing geopolitical goals. At the same time, it's equally easy to understand why both the Goths and advocates of immigration acted as they did. And it's very easy to sympathize with Emperor Valens, who saw a small provincial matter drastically steamroll its way into the center of his agenda.


There could always be more written about a subject like this. At a bare 147 pages, I definitely feel the author could have analyzed some factors more, such as the earlier Gothic invasion of the 3rd Century, the earlier Persian wars' effect on Valens' strategy, and the influence of Christian dogma on how Rome treated foreigners (aka old school genocide was increasingly unpopular among the intelligentsia, likely limiting Roman options towards foreign tribes). But at 147 pages, the book is still far better than an Osprey Campaign, often the only alternative for battle narratives.


Approachable, well presented, tersely written yet filled with important policy analysis and tactical descriptions, I find it hard not to like this book. Two small flaws: 1) the writing style reads like a college seminar because that was what this initially was. It also reads like a translation, which again this was. The author initially wrote this in Italian. 2) the well-said story stops too soon. Rome supposedly fell in 476, but its first and most important fall, the Gothic sack of 410, is directly related to this story. I wish Barbero had brought his powerful analysis to bear on the equally important first sack of Rome, or even on the brutal Hunnic Wars and the fall of the Western Empire.
30 reviews14 followers
January 28, 2019
I finished this book some weeks ago but I am embarrassed to say that although I thought Barbero’s book was a wonderful, enlightening read, I became overly involved with other matters and failed to write my comments. I thought the book was faultless. It was a perfect initial bookend to “Road to Manzikert” which details the Byzantine failure in this battle to stop the Seljuk advance and therefore was the disaster that finished the Eastern Roman Empire while “... Barbarians” recounts the disaster that inexorably led to the eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire.
The author takes the reader through the events that forced the Goths to cross the Danube in order to escape the attacking Huns and spends time describing the difficulties that the Roman’s had in not only feeding these new arrivals but also in finding land upon which they could permanently settle.
Not wishing to draw too long a bow but I cannot but think about Australia’s concern about accommodating the refugees fleeing the just finished conflict between the Tamil Tigers and the Sri Lankans who have been locked in a war for years. We are as upset about our refugee crisis as the Romans but fortunately, the numbers and the distances mitigate against a similar outcome.
Barbero’s book recounts in layman's terms the drama of the unfolding disaster that was to become the first bookend to the oblivion of the Roman Empire. He describes admirably the events of the collapse of the Roman formation after a string of events begun by the Roman cavalry peremptory attack from the left of the Roman formation triggering the full Gothic attack when, simultaneously, the Gothic foraging party returned and joined the charge into the Roman line. As in so many military conflicts, the role of chance often determines the eventual outcome.
I congratulate Barbero for illustrating this battle in terms that a person of my limited scholarship can understand and enjoy.

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