Super rigorous and thorough analysis of Taiwan’s economic, ecological, and demographic transformation. I found it interesting how Chinese settler colonialism differed so deeply on a cultural and policy level from English settler colonialism, yet produced a similarly transformative and culturally destructive outcome. The Qing dynasty was fairly inclusive in theory of non-Han ethnicities, itself being Manchu led, and the indigenous people of Taiwan were afforded substantial land rights. Despite not facing the same systematic extermination or expulsion under the Qing that, for example, indigenous North Americans faced, the diffuse impact of intensive agriculture on the economy and ecology of the island made traditional ways of life impossible. This situation led to widespread predatory land sales, language and cultural loss, and impoverishment even while most people were not killed or removed.