In this book, journalist and author Rachel Kelly explores the relationship between food and mood, or the interplay between diet and mental health and wellbeing. Having personally experienced (and recovered from) depression and anxiety, Kelly writes from the perspective of somebody who changed her approach to eating, but she also takes into account the scientific research into the role of nutrition in mental illness.
Underpinning Kelly’s ‘Happy Kitchen’ are the ’10 golden rules’ that she has formulated. Based on these rules, she advises us to:
1. Eat mostly plants.
2. Use herbs and spices.
3. Eat nuts.
4. Nourish your gut.
5. Eat more omega-3 and less saturated fats/avoid trans fats.
6. Get the right balance of protein – fish should be on top of your list.
7. Avoid sweeteners and additives (i.e. aspartame and MSG).
8. Keep an eye on your (blood) sugar levels.
9. Vary your diet.
10. Relax and enjoy food.
She then explores the relationship between six symptoms (fatigue, low mood, anxiety and stress, cognitive difficulties, hormonal imbalance, and sleep difficulties) and different foods; she also discusses lifestyle changes, that have a positive effect on these symptoms, and shares a number of tips. Each chapter of the ‘Happy Kitchen’ also includes a number of recipes that Kelly developed together with nutritional therapist Alice Mackintosh.
For example, after examining the relationship between energy and (blood) sugar levels, she talks about the beneficial role that iron-rich foods and a dietary (as well as lifestyle) routine can play on our energy levels, and then shares recipes that contain energy-boosting ingredients. Or, after discussing the role of serotonin and tryptophan in low mood and depression, she talks about serotonin- and tryptophan-rich foods, as well as micro- and macro- nutrients (vitamins B and D, zinc, omega-3 fats and protein) that have a mood-boosting effect, and then shares recipes that contain these nutrients.
Kelly pays attention to the relationship between the digestive system (the gut microbiome in particular) and anxiety. She then recommends magnesium- and vitamin B6- rich foods for their calming effects.
She also briefly discusses mindful eating. In keeping with the principles of mindfulness, mindful eating is about bringing our awareness to our eating. In other words, it is about giving our full attention to our eating, and focusing on the process of eating and enjoying our meal. Getting rid of distractions and turning off the television/phone etc can help us eat more mindfully.
As a Psychiatrist myself, I’ve found several strengths in the ‘Happy Kitchen’. First, the premise of the book is the relationship between food and mental health. ‘Happy Kitchen’ raises awareness on this relationship that is sadly not acknowledged and talked about as much as it should be.
Second, Kelly’s tips are actually recommendations for healthy eating. She embraces a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fat, which echoes the ‘Eatwell Guide’ and other official nutrition recommendations, as well as the world’s healthiest diets.
Third, she recommends three regular main meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner, as well as healthy snacks between the main meals.
Fourth, her approach is holistic; even though the book is focused on food, Kelly also discusses complimentary approaches to mental health optimization (lifestyle changes as well as medication).
If there is one thing I would change, however, this would have to be the distinction between different symptoms. Most nutrients have a positive effect on several symptoms; yet, these symptoms rarely occur in isolation. For example, clinical depression presents with a constellation of symptoms, which does not include just low mood, but also a combination of fatigue, sleep and cognitive difficulties, and anxiety.
Having said that, I think that ‘Happy Kitchen’ is an excellent book and I would strongly recommend following Kelly’s tips.