actions adolescent groups agemates analysis appraised associated athletic attitudes bers boys cerning chapter choice City conception concern conflict conformity cultural delinquent desirable deviation effective initiative engaged evaluations experimental fact findings frequently function gamut of influences gangs girl group activities Group B IIls group formation group members high rank areas high school hypotheses IIls 2b individual members individual's interaction interpersonal Juvenile Delinquency labeled latitude of acceptance leader living low rank areas low rank neighborhoods mass media membership motives nonconformity norms observation periods observer's parents participation patterned percent Phase police position prestige problem procedures psychological ratings reference groups reference scales relations relationships relative reports role self-radius and goals setting Sherif and Sherif situations skills small groups social behavior social rank socially acceptable society sociocultural solidarity Spanish-speaking specific status structure techniques tion Tract U.S. Senate values vidual Wero youth