Mediji, propaganda i sistem

by Noam Chomsky, Robert Posavec (Translator), Nina Šterc (Translator)

Knjiga "Mediji, propaganda i sistem" predstavlja svojevrstan uvod u analizu i kritiku medija Noama Chomskog. On se već tridesetak godina bavi proučavanjem medija, te ovaj zbornik predstavlja radove od osamdesetih do današnjih dana.

U razvijenim demokracijama, objašnjava Chomsky, narod se najefikasnije može kontrolirati kontroliranjem misli. Misli su one koje bi mogle odvesti do djela te ih je stoga potrebno držati na uzici. U svome dugogodišnjem radu, Chomsky razotkriva ulogu medija u cjelokupnome sustavu kontrole i nadziranja, kojim upravljaju megakorporacije, odnosno privatno bogatstvo. Po njemu, mediji imaju presudnu ulogu u sustavu indoktrinacije, zajedno s obrazovnim ustanovama, sveučilištima i koledžima, počevši već od najranijih dana, od samog vrtića. Sustav indoktrinacije jest taj koji nas uči kako se trebamo ponašati, što trebamo misliti i zastupati.

Genres: Politics, Nonfiction

162 pages, ebook

First published January 1, 2003

About the author

Avram Noam Chomsky is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism. Sometimes called "the father of modern linguistics", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He is a laureate professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and an institute professor emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Among the most cited living authors, Chomsky has written more than 150 books on topics such as linguistics, war, and politics. In addition to his work in linguistics, since the 1960s Chomsky has been an influential voice on the American left as a consistent critic of U.S. foreign policy, contemporary capitalism, and corporate influence on political institutions and the media.
Born to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants (his father was William Chomsky) in Philadelphia, Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. During his postgraduate work in the Harvard Society of Fellows, Chomsky developed the theory of transformational grammar for which he earned his doctorate in 1955. That year he began teaching at MIT, and in 1957 emerged as a significant figure in linguistics with his landmark work Syntactic Structures, which played a major role in remodeling the study of language. From 1958 to 1959 Chomsky was a National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study. He created or co-created the universal grammar theory, the generative grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, and the minimalist program. Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of linguistic behaviorism, and was particularly critical of the work of B.F. Skinner.
An outspoken opponent of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, which he saw as an act of American imperialism, in 1967 Chomsky rose to national attention for his anti-war essay "The Responsibility of Intellectuals". Becoming associated with the New Left, he was arrested multiple times for his activism and placed on President Richard M. Nixon's list of political opponents. While expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades, he also became involved in the linguistics wars. In collaboration with Edward S. Herman, Chomsky later articulated the propaganda model of media criticism in Manufacturing Consent, and worked to expose the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. His defense of unconditional freedom of speech, including that of Holocaust denial, generated significant controversy in the Faurisson affair of the 1980s. Chomsky's commentary on the Cambodian genocide and the Bosnian genocide also generated controversy. Since retiring from active teaching at MIT, he has continued his vocal political activism, including opposing the 2003 invasion of Iraq and supporting the Occupy movement. An anti-Zionist, Chomsky considers Israel's treatment of Palestinians to be worse than South African–style apartheid, and criticizes U.S. support for Israel.
Chomsky is widely recognized as having helped to spark the cognitive revolution in the human sciences, contributing to the development of a new cognitivistic framework for the study of language and the mind. Chomsky remains a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy, contemporary capitalism, U.S. involvement and Israel's role in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and mass media. Chomsky and his ideas are highly influential in the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist movements. Since 2017, he has been Agnese Helms Haury Chair in the Agnese Nelms Haury Program in Environment and Social Justice at the University of Arizona.

Reviews

[Ivan Ramljak · Rating 2 out of 5]

Velika napomena da je ovo ocjena za formu knjige, a ne za sadržaj.
Otkuda početi? Chomskyja je meni zanimljivo čitati, ali nešto njegove poruke se gubi kada se čitaju infititivi s č, pravopisne pogreške i negramatičke konstrukcije od kojih je vrhunac "da li će te".

Jasno mi je da se radi o neprofitnom projektu čija je svrha popularizirati e-knjige, ali kada se toliko pogrešaka potkrade u drugom izdanju, mislim da takva knjiga neće ispuniti svoj cilj.

Čisto kao smjernicu i kao argument da je izvedivost neprofitnog projekta e-knjiga moguća, pogledajte standardebooks.org.

[Maja Sokač · Rating 3 out of 5]

"Propaganda je u demokraciji ono što je batina u totalitarnoj državi."

[Lavanda · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Javnost ima ulogu promatrača, a ne sudionika; njihova jedina uloga je promatranje i tu i tamo odobravanje nekakvih odluka. Donošenje odluka je u rukama elite. To se zove demokracija."

"Gledanje Superbowla i humorističnih serija možda nije dovoljno. Morate ih natjerati na strah od neprijatelja. U ’30-ima ih je Hitler natjerao na strah od židova i cigana. Morali ste ih uništiti kako bi se obranili. Mi isto tako imamo svoje načine. U zadnjih deset godina svaku godinu ili dvije smišljeno je nekakvo grozno čudovište od kojega se moramo braniti. Rusi su uvijek bili na raspolaganju. Ali oni kao neprijatelji gube svoju privlačnost i sve ih je teže gledati kao neprijatelje i zato moramo izmisliti nove… Svijet će pokoriti međunarodni teroristi, preprodavači droge, zaluđeni Arapi i Saddam Hussein, novi Hitler. Neprijatelji se moraju neprestano pojavljivati, jedan za drugim. Preplašiš narod, teroriziraš ih, ulijevaš im strah u kosti tako da se svi boje putovati i sakriju se. Onda se desi veličanstvena pobjeda nad Grenadom, Panamom, ili nekom trećom vojskom trećega svijeta koju smo u stanju pretvoriti u prah prije nego li se potrudimo pogledati je, a to se upravo dogodilo. Olakšanje. Spasili smo se u zadnji čas. Ovo je samo jedan od načina kako spriječiti zbunjeno stado da obraća pozornost na stvarne događaje i kako ih držati po strani i pod kontrolom…"

[Brat Virdžinije Vulf · Rating 5 out of 5]

Nije lako apstrahovati sisteme moći kojima propaganda služi kao sredstvo da se održe i da postignu svoje ciljeve. Čomski to uspijeva na način koji je shvatljiv i koji može da probudi volju šire populacije. Međutim, ovu knjigu treba da pročita svaki student, prije svega "mekog školstva".