I have made some textual corrections to grammar but changed nothing else - March 2024
This is an exceptionally fine and interesting history of the foundation of the Piarist order, the first specifically catholic teaching order and the first which concentrated on providing education to the poor (other orders like the Jesuits were involved in education but only for boys of noble families) and later physically and mentally handicapped children and although almost unknown in English speaking countries they had an extraordinary impact in countries, aside from Italy, such as Spain, the Czech lands, Hungary and Poland and taught everyone from Goya, Schubert, Gregor Mendel and Victor Hugo. This is a history of a religious order, the Catholic Church, and Rome in the pontificates of Popes Gregory XV, Innocent X and Urban VIII, it is the baroque counter-reformation Rome of Bernini, Galileo and Caravaggio (though none of them have more then very tiny walk on parts). It is a story of idealism and worthy deeds but also of the systematic avoidance of tackling sexual abuse. This book recounts one of the few cases which has escaped the archives and the 'DNA' of how it was handled in the 17th century has so many parallels with the Catholic Church's abysmal record in the 20th century that you can not but think that the almost complete absence of any stories before the 17th century or between then and the 20th century avalanche of revelations speaks only of the extent and success of the church at concealment.
In the 20th century scandals one of the most upsetting, for loyal Catholics, was the uniformity of the response of the Church authorities to the scandals - it was always, in country after country the default position of bishops, the leaders of religious orders, institutions and schools to hide the problem to transfer the offender, and protect the church as institution. There was a complete absence of concern for victims (see my footnote *1 below). Over the centuries it was one of the most extraordinarily successful accomplishments of the Catholic Church to convince everyone that it was an all male institution which throughout history was staffed by heterosexual men of whom only a few ever deviated from their vocations and those were all with women. What is really surprising is how surprised and how disbelieving most people were when the skeletons started falling out of the closets in one country after another.
What happened in the newly formed Piarist order was almost textbook, it was discovered that a priest of the order was abusing boys but because he had powerful connections in the Vatican, and to preserve the good name of the Piarist order and the Catholic Church, it was decided to ignore and cover up and promote the offending priest and allow him to continue to have contact with boys. At no point were the children he molested or the children he might molest in the future mentioned or thought of. It led to the suppression of the order but outside of Italy the schools and the work the Piarists did was valued so highly by the Kings of Spain, Poland and the Holy Roman Emperor that they continued to operate and within ten years the order was reestablished. Its founder Joseph Calasanz was beatified in 1748 and canonised in 1767 and in 1948 made "Universal Patron of all the Christian popular schools in the world" by Pope Pius XII.
St. Joseph Calasanz was neither an abuser, nor a bad man, he dreamed of bringing education to children that were ignored and despised by the other religious orders. He created a teaching order that has done wonderful things in education but we can only judge him as a man deeply, morally, compromised by his decisions which ignored the welfare of individual children and sacrificed them to greater good of his order and the church and as such he is no different to all the shady disreputable and compromised 20th century church figures. Having him as a patron of catholic education can't but taint it.
Are there other scandals like this waiting to emerge from the archives? Possibly, Karen Liebrich only discovered this tale by accident, it was lying there in plain sight in dusty unread documents in an unfashionable archive, but while such revelations are not impossible I have my doubts. The Piarist story of foundation, suppression and re-foundation is unusual, though not unique, and the story of abuse was inextricably linked to the orders complex suppression making its exepungement from the archives impossible. But other cases would have been easier - when the Nazi's were attacking the Catholic Church and launched prosecutions of various members of religious orders Pius XII ordered the German bishops to destroy all documents relating to clergy who were under investigation for sexual misdemeanours least they be seized and used to discredit the church. Again it is only the institutional church that is of concern. There are other stories, tales, rumours, etc. I doubt we can ever know everything but some of it maybe - some of it already is but only within the context of other events.
This is not a history of clerical sexual abuse, it is a history of the foundation of an extraordinary religious order, of the Roman counter-reformation, of Rome and the Papacy in one of its final apogees of real power and brilliant artistic and intellectual fervour and as such a wonderful and captivating history. Caravaggio, Bernini and Galileo may not be directly present but this is the story of their Rome and their world.
*1 Nobody within the church likes to discuss the whole theological basis of this lack of concern, but there were a number:
1. If the boy didn't resist enough he was complicit and even seen as allowing or encouraging a priest to commit a sin.
2. If he became erect and had an 'emission' as they were always referred to in my Catholic schooldays, then he was also complicit, being unconscious, asleep or under duress didn't excuse you from sin, every emission was a sin. If your body responded to the priests manipulations then it showed you welcomed or allowed them.
3. Just being a boy was seen as being a creature of sin and temptation, everyone carried the sin of Adam and Eve, original sin, no one was innocent, ever.