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Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Tugendlehre: Metaphysik der Sitten. Zweiter Teil (Philosophische Bibliothek 430)
Die zentrale Stellung der »Tugendlehre« (1797), des zweiten Teils der Metaphysik der Sitten, wird innerhalb der Moralphilosophie Kants häufig verkannt. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass diese späte Schrift den Vorwurf der Kritik, Kants Ethik ende im »Formalismus« und sei zur Begründung materialer Pfichten nicht fähig, ins Leere laufen lässt.
Die 3., durchgesehene und verbesserte Auflage bringt einige dem neuesten Editionsstand entsprechende Emendationen und Berichtigungen, eine überarbeitete Einleitung des Herausgebers und eine ergänzte Bibliographie.
Die 3., durchgesehene und verbesserte Auflage bringt einige dem neuesten Editionsstand entsprechende Emendationen und Berichtigungen, eine überarbeitete Einleitung des Herausgebers und eine ergänzte Bibliographie.
- GenresPhilosophy
169 pages, Kindle Edition
First published January 1, 1797
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84 people want to read
About the author
Immanuel Kant
3,054 books4,378 followersImmanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
March 11, 2016
Having had a conversion experience through the study of Kant in preparation for the master's thesis at Union Theological Seminary, I kept reading him after graduation. Having read the Metaphysical Elements of Justice already, I brought part two of The Metaphysics of Morals with me to Norway when visiting family there during the end that summer.
Since Mother was working as a translator for a labor union, I spent weekdays while at her apartment at the "Art Students' House" overlooking the King's Park in downtown Oslo. Being quite poor, finding an outdoor cafe which would allow one to nurse a coffee and refill for eight hours straight was essential.
One day, while reading either this book or Hegel's Logic, an elderly Norwegian gentleman addressed me, interested in knowing what text could be so absorbing. Though heavily accented, his English was good. He was from the pre-war generation, when the second language of Norwegians was German. English would have been his third or fourth language. My own Norwegian was just barely good enough to buy a pack of cigarettes. In any case, we got into conversation, during the course of which we discovered that he had been Mother's mathematics teacher in gymnasium. Small world!--well, Oslo is pretty small as capital cities go, maybe half a million people in those days.
That was weird, but what was weirder was meeting another old friend of Mom's on a bus in downtown Rejkavik, capital of Iceland, during a subsequent trip to Norway in 1984.
Since Mother was working as a translator for a labor union, I spent weekdays while at her apartment at the "Art Students' House" overlooking the King's Park in downtown Oslo. Being quite poor, finding an outdoor cafe which would allow one to nurse a coffee and refill for eight hours straight was essential.
One day, while reading either this book or Hegel's Logic, an elderly Norwegian gentleman addressed me, interested in knowing what text could be so absorbing. Though heavily accented, his English was good. He was from the pre-war generation, when the second language of Norwegians was German. English would have been his third or fourth language. My own Norwegian was just barely good enough to buy a pack of cigarettes. In any case, we got into conversation, during the course of which we discovered that he had been Mother's mathematics teacher in gymnasium. Small world!--well, Oslo is pretty small as capital cities go, maybe half a million people in those days.
That was weird, but what was weirder was meeting another old friend of Mom's on a bus in downtown Rejkavik, capital of Iceland, during a subsequent trip to Norway in 1984.
February 24, 2022
Great rebuttal of eudemonism. This is the old post critical Kant writing but he still spits some mighty truths. For instance he makes a very valuable point about there being no duty to respect people, because for duty to be considered as such the very notion of respect (for your duty) is already involved. The same reasoning provides a powerful ground for godless ethics (although not atheist ethics). And it’s the same trick that leads Kant to argue (convincingly enough) that you don’t have virtue: virtue owns you. For if it were the other way around, why would you have chosen virtue of all the things? Unless you had virtue, which made you pick virtue and so on.
November 17, 2017
A beautiful being who set the idea of moral duty and dwelled on the morality itself , how it brought values to us. How he wrote on this short book was clear that in short, all virtues lies in one philosophy or one true system of principles.
December 9, 2017
Das Buch enthält zeitlose Wahrheiten zu den Tugenden. Es geht um Tugendpflicht, um Pflicht gegen sich selbst. Bescheidenheit, Gewissen, Glückseligkeit, Lüge, Geiz, Neid, Wille, Willkür, u. v. a.
Eine Tugendlehre, die jederzeit aktuell ist und bleiben wird.
Eine Tugendlehre, die jederzeit aktuell ist und bleiben wird.
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews