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Osmanlı ve Avrupa: Osmanlı Devleti'nin Avrupa Tarihindeki Yeri
15. ve 16. yüzyıllar Avrupa’sı, zamanın büyük politik-ekonomik gücü Osmanlı’yı hesaba katmadan anlaşılamaz.”
“Avrupa tarihiyle Osmanlı tarihi iki paralel tarihtir; bu nedenle iki dünyanın tarihi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmelidir.”
-Halil İnalcık-
15. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Osmanlı, Avrupa tarihini şekillendirmede çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Osmanlı’ya referansta bulunmaksızın raison d’etat, reel politik, güç dengesi ve hatta Avrupa kimliği gibi kavramları açıklamak mümkün değildir. Osmanlı ile Avrupa arasında karşılıklı etkiler aşikâr olduğu halde maalesef bu etkileşim Batı tarihçiliğinde çok fazla dikkate alınmamıştır.
Hristiyan Haçlı geleneği, uzun süren savaşlara bağlı olarak gelişen düşmanlık, kültürel yabancılaşma gibi bazı tarihsel nedenlerden ötürü ve belki de Osmanlı’nın Aydınlanma sürecinin dışında kalması dolayısıyla Osmanlılar Batı tarihçiliğinde genellikle Avrupa ve Avrupalılığın karşıtı ve antitezi olarak ele alınmıştır. Oysa taraflar arasında çatışmadan çok daha fazlası mevcuttur.
Osmanlı Devleti’nin modern Avrupa’yı şekillendirmedeki etkileriyle birlikte Batı tarihindeki yeri ve Avrupa’yla arasındaki siyasi-ekonomik ilişkiler, sosyo-kültürel bir karşılaşma olarak en büyük tarihçilerimizden Halil İnalcık’ın kaleminden, Osmanlı ve Avrupa'da…
(Tanıtım Bülteninden)
“Avrupa tarihiyle Osmanlı tarihi iki paralel tarihtir; bu nedenle iki dünyanın tarihi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmelidir.”
-Halil İnalcık-
15. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Osmanlı, Avrupa tarihini şekillendirmede çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Osmanlı’ya referansta bulunmaksızın raison d’etat, reel politik, güç dengesi ve hatta Avrupa kimliği gibi kavramları açıklamak mümkün değildir. Osmanlı ile Avrupa arasında karşılıklı etkiler aşikâr olduğu halde maalesef bu etkileşim Batı tarihçiliğinde çok fazla dikkate alınmamıştır.
Hristiyan Haçlı geleneği, uzun süren savaşlara bağlı olarak gelişen düşmanlık, kültürel yabancılaşma gibi bazı tarihsel nedenlerden ötürü ve belki de Osmanlı’nın Aydınlanma sürecinin dışında kalması dolayısıyla Osmanlılar Batı tarihçiliğinde genellikle Avrupa ve Avrupalılığın karşıtı ve antitezi olarak ele alınmıştır. Oysa taraflar arasında çatışmadan çok daha fazlası mevcuttur.
Osmanlı Devleti’nin modern Avrupa’yı şekillendirmedeki etkileriyle birlikte Batı tarihindeki yeri ve Avrupa’yla arasındaki siyasi-ekonomik ilişkiler, sosyo-kültürel bir karşılaşma olarak en büyük tarihçilerimizden Halil İnalcık’ın kaleminden, Osmanlı ve Avrupa'da…
(Tanıtım Bülteninden)
288 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2017
35 people are currently reading
374 people want to read
About the author
Halil İnalcık
98 books320 followersHe was born in Istanbul to a Crimean Tatar family, which left Crimea for Constantinople in 1905. His birthday is unknown but İnalcık chose 26 May 1916 for his birthday. He attended Balıkesir Teacher Training School, and then Ankara University, Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Department of History where he graduated from in 1940. He completed his PhD in 1943 in the same department. His PhD thesis was on the Bulgarian question in the late Ottoman Empire.
He entered the same school as an assistant, then he became assistant professor in 1946 and after his return from lecturing in the University of London for a while, he became a professor in the same department in 1952. He lectured in various universities in the United States as a guest professor. In 1972, he was invited by the University of Chicago. Between 1972 and 1993 he taught Ottoman history at the University of Chicago. In 1994, he returned to Turkey and founded history department at Bilkent University where he is still teaching.
In 1993, he donated his valuable collection of books, journals and off-prints on the history of Ottoman Empire to the library of Bilkent University.
He has been member president of many international foundations. He is a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Historical Sciences. He is also a member of the Institute of Turkish Studies.
He entered the same school as an assistant, then he became assistant professor in 1946 and after his return from lecturing in the University of London for a while, he became a professor in the same department in 1952. He lectured in various universities in the United States as a guest professor. In 1972, he was invited by the University of Chicago. Between 1972 and 1993 he taught Ottoman history at the University of Chicago. In 1994, he returned to Turkey and founded history department at Bilkent University where he is still teaching.
In 1993, he donated his valuable collection of books, journals and off-prints on the history of Ottoman Empire to the library of Bilkent University.
He has been member president of many international foundations. He is a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Historical Sciences. He is also a member of the Institute of Turkish Studies.
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Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews
February 11, 2018
Sürekli not alarak okudum o nedenle biraz yavaş ilerledim. Çok şey öğrendim. Bazen tarihimizle gurur duydum; bazen de objektif bir bakış açısıyla olayları inceleme fırsatım oldu. Tarihi sevmemde birinci etken Halil İnalcık ve İlber Ortaylı gibi hocalarımız çoğalmalı ülkemizde.
February 21, 2022
When I reached the last page of this book, I was convinced of Samuel Huntington's ignorance when he wrote The Clash Of Civilizations. Unfortunately, his book was used as an epitome of western superiority and eastern inferiority or incompatibility with modernization. I wish he had read - The Ottoman Empire and Europe - before pouring his preposterous ideas onto paper. In my sophomore year, I came across his cursed discourse, and I am still agitated that such a flawed idea was institutionalized in our eastern education.
Coming back to our topic today, the book - The Ottoman Empire and Europe - penned by the Sheikh of Historians - Halil Inalcik - is the antithesis of Huntington's The Clash Of Civilizations. The book gives us meticulous and detailed accounts of the dominion of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century to 20th century. Of course, no empire is infinite, and the Ottoman Sultans had their rise and fall. I’ll only share one aspect that I mainly found eye-opening. The French and Italians were head over heels for the Turkish culture and lifestyle that many of them left their homeland to adopt Turkish lifestyle during the peak of the empire (15th C). Cultural exchange between Turks, French, and Italians was so vibrant that the news spread across Europe and Asia, thus encouraging massive migration to the Ottoman land. Modern scholars who talk tirelessly about the complexity of assimilation and acculturation should laugh at themselves. In the 16th century, under Sultan Suleiman, assimilation and acculturation wafted in the air from the East to the West.
Fast forward, after the collapse of the empire in the 20th century (after five centuries of reigning the world), Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the one who played a pivotal role in secularising Turkey through radical changes, found that the only way to revive Turkey is through Europeanization. He found Turks who hailed from multiple backgrounds (Armenian Turks, Serbian Turks, Hungarian Turks, etc.) conservative, traditional and backward. Swiss education, European dress code, European literature dominated this rich/diverse land.
What a paradox and unfortunate to the empire.
Overall, ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Coming back to our topic today, the book - The Ottoman Empire and Europe - penned by the Sheikh of Historians - Halil Inalcik - is the antithesis of Huntington's The Clash Of Civilizations. The book gives us meticulous and detailed accounts of the dominion of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century to 20th century. Of course, no empire is infinite, and the Ottoman Sultans had their rise and fall. I’ll only share one aspect that I mainly found eye-opening. The French and Italians were head over heels for the Turkish culture and lifestyle that many of them left their homeland to adopt Turkish lifestyle during the peak of the empire (15th C). Cultural exchange between Turks, French, and Italians was so vibrant that the news spread across Europe and Asia, thus encouraging massive migration to the Ottoman land. Modern scholars who talk tirelessly about the complexity of assimilation and acculturation should laugh at themselves. In the 16th century, under Sultan Suleiman, assimilation and acculturation wafted in the air from the East to the West.
Fast forward, after the collapse of the empire in the 20th century (after five centuries of reigning the world), Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the one who played a pivotal role in secularising Turkey through radical changes, found that the only way to revive Turkey is through Europeanization. He found Turks who hailed from multiple backgrounds (Armenian Turks, Serbian Turks, Hungarian Turks, etc.) conservative, traditional and backward. Swiss education, European dress code, European literature dominated this rich/diverse land.
What a paradox and unfortunate to the empire.
Overall, ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
November 16, 2018
şeyhül müverrihin'in son kitabı.. very nice read..
August 19, 2023
El título de esta interesante y amena recopilación de artículos de historia e historiografía debería ser el que aparece como subtítulo ("El imperio otomano y su lugar en la historia europea"). Es una verdadera obsesión del autor: demostrar que el imperio otomano, en especial durante su edad dorada (1300-1600), tuvo un papel determinante en la historia europea y en la propia formación del concepto de "Europa". Y lo cierto es que los datos que ofrece son convincentes.
En el este de Europa, las alianzas, apoyos, guerras, traiciones y, en última instancia, los errores otomanos respecto al kanato tártaro de Crimea, ayudan a explicar por qué la poderosa república de Polonia-Lituania se hundió y por qué los cosacos del Dniéper finalmente se inclinaron por apoyar al principado de Moscovia, sentando las bases del gran imperio ruso.
En el Mediterráneo y el centro de Europa, las intervenciones del poderosísimo Solimán el Magnífico permiten comprender mucho mejor los grandes episodios políticos del s. XVI. Resulta especialmente sugerente la rivalidad entre Solimán y Carlos I de España o, si se prefiere en términos dinásticos, entre Otomanos y Habsburgos, por alzarse con la hegemonía en Europa.
Solimán hizo todo lo que estuvo en su mano, que no era poco, para contrarrestar el poder de Carlos I: tras la gran victoria de este último sobre los franceses en Pavía, en 1525, y a solicitud de la madre de Francisco I, preso en Madrid, Solimán apoyó financieramente a Francia y puso a su disposición la flota otomana liderada por Barbarroja (las cartas de la reina madre, Luisa de Saboya, se conservan en los archivos de Topkapi); al año siguiente, para evitar la victoria total de Carlos I en las guerras italianas, Solimán atacó el imperio habsbúrgico por el este, conquistando Hungría (Mohács, 1526) y obligando a Carlos I a defender Austria frente al imparable avance otomano; paralelamente, financió a los protestantes de Países Bajos y Alemania (se conserva la correspondencia entre Melanchton, mano derecha de Lutero, y Constantinopla) y comenzó una política de concesiones comerciales con Francia e Inglaterra, que abriría su carrera hacia los puertos de Levante y crearía los mercados que permitirían su primer desarrollo capitalista.
Lo interesante es que todas estas decisiones son presentadas como un deseo expreso del imperio otomano de participar como una gran potencia en el juego europeo y de mantener el equilibrio entre los demás Estados, obviando toda diferencia religiosa o cultural. Ello marcaría la superación de la idea medieval de cruzadas contra el Islam, e implica aceptar la idea, mucho más moderna en términos históricos y políticos, de que el imperio otomano podía ser un aliado más y que el imperio habsbúrgico, o cualquier otro Estado cristiano, podía ser un enemigo, según las circunstancias de cada momento.
En el este de Europa, las alianzas, apoyos, guerras, traiciones y, en última instancia, los errores otomanos respecto al kanato tártaro de Crimea, ayudan a explicar por qué la poderosa república de Polonia-Lituania se hundió y por qué los cosacos del Dniéper finalmente se inclinaron por apoyar al principado de Moscovia, sentando las bases del gran imperio ruso.
En el Mediterráneo y el centro de Europa, las intervenciones del poderosísimo Solimán el Magnífico permiten comprender mucho mejor los grandes episodios políticos del s. XVI. Resulta especialmente sugerente la rivalidad entre Solimán y Carlos I de España o, si se prefiere en términos dinásticos, entre Otomanos y Habsburgos, por alzarse con la hegemonía en Europa.
Solimán hizo todo lo que estuvo en su mano, que no era poco, para contrarrestar el poder de Carlos I: tras la gran victoria de este último sobre los franceses en Pavía, en 1525, y a solicitud de la madre de Francisco I, preso en Madrid, Solimán apoyó financieramente a Francia y puso a su disposición la flota otomana liderada por Barbarroja (las cartas de la reina madre, Luisa de Saboya, se conservan en los archivos de Topkapi); al año siguiente, para evitar la victoria total de Carlos I en las guerras italianas, Solimán atacó el imperio habsbúrgico por el este, conquistando Hungría (Mohács, 1526) y obligando a Carlos I a defender Austria frente al imparable avance otomano; paralelamente, financió a los protestantes de Países Bajos y Alemania (se conserva la correspondencia entre Melanchton, mano derecha de Lutero, y Constantinopla) y comenzó una política de concesiones comerciales con Francia e Inglaterra, que abriría su carrera hacia los puertos de Levante y crearía los mercados que permitirían su primer desarrollo capitalista.
Lo interesante es que todas estas decisiones son presentadas como un deseo expreso del imperio otomano de participar como una gran potencia en el juego europeo y de mantener el equilibrio entre los demás Estados, obviando toda diferencia religiosa o cultural. Ello marcaría la superación de la idea medieval de cruzadas contra el Islam, e implica aceptar la idea, mucho más moderna en términos históricos y políticos, de que el imperio otomano podía ser un aliado más y que el imperio habsbúrgico, o cualquier otro Estado cristiano, podía ser un enemigo, según las circunstancias de cada momento.
July 28, 2019
A very important and objective book about the Ottoman Empire and its place the in European history.
This book is composed of nine published journal articles.
It handles in a very simple and concise structure the socio-political and economical interactions of the Ottomans and the Europeans over the long centuries of the Ottoman state.
In short, this book has opened new visas to me. I was really thrusted to look at the relationship between East and West in a more distinctive manner than before.
This book is composed of nine published journal articles.
It handles in a very simple and concise structure the socio-political and economical interactions of the Ottomans and the Europeans over the long centuries of the Ottoman state.
In short, this book has opened new visas to me. I was really thrusted to look at the relationship between East and West in a more distinctive manner than before.
August 31, 2022
Former Ottoman Empire and Europe had a centuries long history, mostly conflicting, but interconnected and subject to mutual influences. Late Middle Age and the begining of contemporary era in the West cannot be understood if we don't take a wider approach comprising the ottomans. Little is studied in Europe (at least at a non-university level) about the importance for the European balance of power among the emerging nations of Europe. France, Italian states, German princess, Dutch and others during XV and XVI centuries sought support on the Ottoman power against the Habsburg dinasty and themselves. Ottoman sultans were more than willing to play that rol and keep their potential enemies divided and fighting each other.
But there was more than just politics, some cultural and technical exchange also took place among East and West. However, once the Ottoman Empire began to stagnate in the XVII century, the decline of its influence became clear. In the last century of the Empire, West-inspired reforms and the adoption of a secular education forged the base of nowadays Turkey.
Halil İnalcık offers in The Ottoman Empire and Europe a rich picture of a key time in the history of Europe, which is also the story of the Ottomans, as we have to keep in mind that for centuries their domains included a good amount of Europe.
But there was more than just politics, some cultural and technical exchange also took place among East and West. However, once the Ottoman Empire began to stagnate in the XVII century, the decline of its influence became clear. In the last century of the Empire, West-inspired reforms and the adoption of a secular education forged the base of nowadays Turkey.
Halil İnalcık offers in The Ottoman Empire and Europe a rich picture of a key time in the history of Europe, which is also the story of the Ottomans, as we have to keep in mind that for centuries their domains included a good amount of Europe.
April 4, 2020
“Batı ve öteki dünya arasındaki savaşın ilk aşaması gözümüzün önünde cereyan etmektedir. Saddam Hüseyin, dünyanın en büyük gücüne karşı meydan okurken tabi kafasında güvendiği bir şey var. O, Birleşmiş Milletleri, Batı kamuoyunu değil; Arap dünyasını, İslam dünyasını düşünüyor. İnanıyor ki; ülkesi ve halkı yerle bir edilse bile, o sonunda Batı karşıtı dünyanın kahramanı durumuna gelecektir. O, Arap dünyasında hükümetleri değil, kendisini heyecan ve gururla izleyen gençliğini düşünüyor. Onların kahramanı olduğunu biliyor.”
August 21, 2017
Allah razı olsun, mekanı cennet olsun İnalcık Hocanın.
Kitabın isminin vaad ettiğinden fazlası var...
İnalcık Hoca'nın Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşu ve gelişimine ilişkin "yorumlarının" ve Türkiye siyasetinin önünde halen varlığını koruyan sorunlara yaklaşımını ifade ettiği makaleleleri de içeriyor kitap.
İnalcık Hoca'ya "değer verdiğini" her fırsatta gözümüze sokmaya çalışan siyasetçilerimizin bir göz atmasında bilhassa fayda görürüm :)
Kitabın isminin vaad ettiğinden fazlası var...
İnalcık Hoca'nın Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşu ve gelişimine ilişkin "yorumlarının" ve Türkiye siyasetinin önünde halen varlığını koruyan sorunlara yaklaşımını ifade ettiği makaleleleri de içeriyor kitap.
İnalcık Hoca'ya "değer verdiğini" her fırsatta gözümüze sokmaya çalışan siyasetçilerimizin bir göz atmasında bilhassa fayda görürüm :)
December 2, 2022
4.5. Great information, concise history of the Ottoman Empire and its connection to European History. It is a collection of nine essays, hence sometimes the topics and several points repeat throughout the book. The author discusses social, political, economic, and cultural elements linking several historical processes that were happening in Europe throughout time. I definitely recommend this book to people that are interested in history/European history/world history etc.
July 15, 2021
Büyük tarihçi Halil İnalcık hocamızın çeşitli zamanlarda Osmanlı-Avrupa ilişkileri üzerine yazdığı makalelerden oluşuyor. Tarihi çok sevip bol bol okumama rağmen Halil hocamın kitaplarından daha önce hiç duymadığım bilgileri öğrenebiliyorum. Osmanlı-Avrupa ilişkilerini kültürel, siyasi ve askeri boyutlarda bu kitapta bulabilirsiniz.
August 10, 2017
This is a collection of articles written over a 30 year period and provided with no overarching idea. But for someone like me who wanted to read some history from a non-european perspective, it fitted the bill.
December 13, 2024
Academic so need decent base level knowledge of the Ottomans / key terms before reading. Good because you get a non-western perspective, but pretty poorly written, and unfortunately it's pretty nationalistic, meaning you get 300 word digressions on how great Ataturk was every time he's mentioned.
September 30, 2022
Very informative book. However, 3 stars because only half of the book is as the title suggests, about Europe and the Ottomans.
July 17, 2024
Translation is easy to read. Good book
I felt proud of my Turkmen and Turkish nation when I read this book.
I felt proud of my Turkmen and Turkish nation when I read this book.
Read
October 2, 2025It is possible for a person to express respect by refusing to stand. But the only form of “respect” that society understands is a narrow one: standing upright.
July 3, 2022
Çok bilgilendirici, muazzam bir eser. Başyapıt.
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews