Aux mois d'avril et de mai 1981, Michel Foucault prononce un cours qu'il intitule « Mal faire, dire vrai. Fonction de l'aveu en justice ». Il y poursuit l'élaboration de la notion de gouvernement par la vérité, introduite en janvier 1979 dans La naissance de la biopolitique puis reprise en janvier 1980 dans Le gouvernement des vivants pour donner un contenu positif et différencié à la notion de savoir-pouvoir et opérer par rapport à celle d'idéologie dominante un second déplacement.
Le cours est la trace d'un engagement militant : le fruit de l'alliance nouée avec des juristes radicaux, sous l'égide de l'École de criminologie de l'Université catholique de Louvain, à l'occasion d'un projet de révision du code pénal en vigueur en Belgique. Adressé à un public de juristes et de criminologues, il replace l’analyse du développement de l’aveu pénal dans l’histoire plus générale des technologies du sujet et examine diverses techniques par lesquelles l’individu est amené, soit par lui-même, soit avec l’aide ou sous la direction d’un autre, à se transformer et à modifier son rapport à soi. D’entrée de jeu, Michel Foucault annonce que le problème qui l’occupe a deux aspects. Politique : « savoir comment l’individu se trouve lié, et accepte de se lier au pouvoir qui s’exerce sur lui ». Philosophique : « savoir comment les sujets sont effectivement liés dans et par les formes de véridiction où ils s’engagent ». Ainsi conçues, les leçons peuvent se lire comme une suite donnée à Surveiller et punir ou comme une première esquisse de l’analyse de la parrêsia et des formes alêthurgiques développée dans Le courage de la vérité. Avec le sujet avouant, ce n’est pas seulement le thème du dire vrai qui est introduit. Parce que les formes de véridiction ont partie liée avec l’assujettissement et la déprise de soi, c’est aussi la question de ce qui s’en déduit pour la philosophie critique – qu’en l’occurrence, Michel Foucault met en œuvre, à la croisée de l’activité pratique et de l’activité théorique, de la politique et de l’éthique.
« On parle souvent de la récente domination de la science ou de l’uniformisation technique du monde moderne. Disons que c’est là la question du "positivisme", au sens comtien du terme, et peut-être vaudrait-il mieux associer à ce thème le nom de Saint-Simon. Je voudrais évoquer, pour y loger les analyses que je vous propose, un contre-positivisme qui n’est pas le contraire du positivisme, plutôt son contrepoint. Il se caractériserait par l’ étonnement devant la très ancienne multiplication et prolifération du dire vrai, la dispersion des régimes de véridiction dans des sociétés comme les nôtres. »
Cet ouvrage, coédité par les Presses universitaires de Louvain et University of Chicago Press, est le fruit d’une collaboration entre l’École de criminologie de l’Université catholique de Louvain et University of Chicago.
Paul-Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, writer, political activist, and literary critic. Foucault's theories primarily address the relationships between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault rejected these labels. His thought has influenced academics, especially those working in communication studies, anthropology, psychology, sociology, criminology, cultural studies, literary theory, feminism, Marxism and critical theory. Born in Poitiers, France, into an upper-middle-class family, Foucault was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV, at the École Normale Supérieure, where he developed an interest in philosophy and came under the influence of his tutors Jean Hyppolite and Louis Althusser, and at the University of Paris (Sorbonne), where he earned degrees in philosophy and psychology. After several years as a cultural diplomat abroad, he returned to France and published his first major book, The History of Madness (1961). After obtaining work between 1960 and 1966 at the University of Clermont-Ferrand, he produced The Birth of the Clinic (1963) and The Order of Things (1966), publications that displayed his increasing involvement with structuralism, from which he later distanced himself. These first three histories exemplified a historiographical technique Foucault was developing called "archaeology". From 1966 to 1968, Foucault lectured at the University of Tunis before returning to France, where he became head of the philosophy department at the new experimental university of Paris VIII. Foucault subsequently published The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969). In 1970, Foucault was admitted to the Collège de France, a membership he retained until his death. He also became active in several left-wing groups involved in campaigns against racism and human rights abuses and for penal reform. Foucault later published Discipline and Punish (1975) and The History of Sexuality (1976), in which he developed archaeological and genealogical methods that emphasized the role that power plays in society. Foucault died in Paris from complications of HIV/AIDS; he became the first public figure in France to die from complications of the disease. His partner Daniel Defert founded the AIDES charity in his memory.
It is hard to rate this book because some lectures are way more interesting than others in my opinion. So even if at some point this book seems boring to you, don't give up because awesome fragments are also waiting.
I decided to read and study the "Corpus of Foucault" but directed towards an "Existential Aesthetics" which is the point of interest and research. I read for this: 1.- Hermeneutics of the subject 2.- The Government of the self and of others 3.- The Courage of Truth 4.- Technologies of the self 5.- Speech and truth in ancient Greece 6.- «Modifications» of the History of Sexuality II compiled in Volume IV of Dits et Ecrits, compiled by Daniel Efert and Francois Ewald 7.- «On the genealogy of ethics» by Dreyfus and Rabinow (yes) 8.- Acting wrongly, telling the truth 9.- The origin of the hermeneutics of the self
In this course what I really liked is the treatment and approach to confession, its antecedents and consequences, which is then replicated in the «origin of the hermeneutics of the self». As a lawyer, I find your approach to the issue of judicial confession quite interesting, but in truth, I must admit that theoretically it is a very good treatment, but I would say, it seems to me, that it is a very optimistic analysis. That is to say, I believe that in real life judicial confession is a chimera. What I do appreciate from this course is the study and correlation of truth, confession and all its baggage with Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex." In short, as I would not expect from Foucault, it is a course that is worth studying in depth and keeping in mind because months later he died as we all know.
Sometida a un cambio considerable en muchas cosas, la guía a través de procesos en tragedias, la consideración en el prederecho, la aproximación al ámbito canónico de la construcción de la confesión, sus nexos hacia el coraje de la verdad, únicos.
Foucault is Foucault; there is young Foucault and late Foucault. Late Foucault formulates the most interesting discussion of interpellations and subjectivity. From discussing human rights, his misinterpreted position on the Khomeni regime and humanism, late Foucault is extremely insightful. His discussion of avowal- as a material form of truth telling and what is already an established truth- opens up deeper questions vis-a-vis subjectivity and had me revisit the Foucault Derrida debate. Derrida does not come close to Foucault at all. This is an extremely crucial read for everyone but more so for those outside Europe since it features small discussions of different subjectivities in the Mediterranean and monasticism as it originated from Egypt.