'Schumann's poetic words of wisdom have just as much to teach us now as they did when they were first written, over 150 years ago.
Having played some Robert Schumann (Album für die Jugend), and grown to love his distinctive style, I was surprised to find he had written a pedagogical book. My high valuing of this short text is both for its content and its deepening my appreciation of him.
Schumann was one of the great Romantic composers. His biography swings from meeting the love of his life Clara Wieck, suffering a career ending hand injury, composing beautiful music to landing in a mental asylum. His more popular works include Kinderszenen, Kreisleriana and Carnaval.
In 'Advice to Young Musicians', we have personal instruction from the master. Steven Isserlis, who edits and includes commentary, splits Schumann's advice into four categories, which include playing and practicing. I will list some of my favourite pieces of advice:
'Nothing great in art can be achieved without enthusiasm.'
'Through diligent study and perseverance you will rise ever higher.'
'When you play, don't worry about who may be listening to you.'
'Do not judge a composition from a first hearing; that which appeals to you at an initial encounter is not always the best. The works of the masters need to be studied. Many things will not become clear to you till you have a reached a more advanced age.'
'Respect the old highly, but also take a warm interested in the new. Do not be prejudiced against names unknown to you.'
'Cultivation of the ear is of the greatest importance. Try right from the beginning to distinguish each tone and key. Find out the exact notes sounded by the bell, the window pane, the cuckoo, etc.'
'What does it mean to be 'musical'?... But you will be, if you can almost predict what is to follow in a new piece, or remember it an old one - that is to say, if you have music not only in your fingers , but also in your head and heart.'
'If your music comes from your heart and soul, and if you feel it inside yourself, it will affect others in the same way.'
'Do not aim for mere dexterity, or so-called 'bravura'. Try to recreate the spirit intended by the composer, nothingmore; anything else is a caricature. All mechanical brilliance fades over time; technical skill is of value only when it serves a higher purpose.'
'Dragging and rushing are both major faults.'
'Play strictly in time! The playing of many a virtuoso resembles the walk of a drunkard. Do not take sorts of performances as your models''
'Endeavour to play easy pieces well and beautifully; that is better than playing difficult pieces badly.'
'Play always as if in the presence of a master.'
'Never tinkle away! Always play with energy - and do not play a piece half-heartedly.'
'It is not only your fingers that should know your pieces; you should also be able to hum them away from your instrument. Sharpen your imagination to the extent that you remember not only the melody of a composition, but also the harmony that belongs to it.'
'If you are starting out on a composition, begin by working everything out in your head. Do not try out a piece on your instrument until you have fully conceived it in your mind.'
'Get to know the tone and character of the various instruments as soon as you can; try to impress their unique tone-colours on your ear.'
Schumann's advice precedes those found in 20th century books on piano technique. In particular, I have read in books by Karl Leimer, Heinrich Neuhaus and Josef Lhevvine that we should: cultivate the ear, respect the wishes of the composer and obey rhythm. All things Schumann noted a century earlier! This was a lovely find.