The late scholar and Mormon apologist Hugh Nibley wrote that “[a]nyone who writes church history has the inescapable and dangerous obligation of deciding somehow just what evidence shall be made available to his readers and what shall not; obviously, he cannot include it all.”
The editors of the Joseph Smith Papers Project, however, are doing just that – including it all – making publicly available every extant Joseph Smith document they can access.
In this, the sixth volume of the “Documents” series in the Project, the authors present all known and available documents – 126 in all – created by Smith or by staff whose work he directed for the 19-month period February 1838 to August 1839. They provide unaltered and unabridged transcripts of letters, discourses, revelations, meeting minutes, resolutions, promissory notes, receipts, affidavits, and more.
The historical introductions to each of the documents, together with editorial notes, footnotes, illustrations, maps, biographies, and index, provide a wealth of background and context to the documents themselves.
The Volume 6 documents are divided into 4 parts, each with its own introduction, briefly summarized here:
Part 1: 15 February – 28 June 1838. The period opened on a hopeful note. Joseph Smith had received a revelation designating Missouri as “the land of Zion.” The town of Far West would become the main gathering place for the Saints. Plans were underway for the construction of a new temple there.
The steady influx of newcomers mostly from the East and from British North America, however, caused great uneasiness among the Missourians already settled in this part of the state, most of whom were from the South. The conflicts that quickly ensued can be explained not only by opposition to the new religion, but also by the cultural differences that would divide the nation itself.
Part 2: 8 July – 29 October 1838. Mormons seeking to settle in Jackson County, Missouri, in the earlier part of the decade had found they could count on neither state nor local government authorities to shield them from persecution. In the summer of 1838, Joseph Smith and other church leaders in the northwest counties of the state concluded they had only themselves to defend against mob violence.
They published a paper recounting the “sufferings and persecutions of the Church from its rise.” The persecutions, they wrote, “we are absolutely determined no longer to bear, come life or come death, for to be mob[b]ed any more without taking taking vengeance, we will not.”
Latter-day Saint men organized a military group that came to be known as the Danites. When a crowd of angry men kept Mormons from voting in Gallatin, Daviess County, Danites on hand engaged them; men on both sides were injured. Conflicts between Missouri vigilantes and the Mormons escalated. Legal proceedings proved unfruitful in stemming the violence.
Part 3: 4 November 1838 – 16 April 1839. Part 3 covers the time Joseph Smith was held in state custody. State civil and militia forces had been generally unwilling to quell October’s violence. Anti-Mormon vigilantes burned houses and ransacked homes; Danites did so, as well.
In late October Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs claimed that “the Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state” and issued an order to the state militia to do so.
On October 30, 1838, an anti-Mormon vigilante force of about 200 men rode into the small Mormon settlement of Hawn’s Mill in Caldwell County where they shot and killed 17 men and boys. No vigilante was killed, and none were ever arrested for the murders.
Joseph Smith and other church leaders were arrested at Far West for destruction and theft of property. They were brought before a circuit judge who had been appointed by Governor Boggs. The judge was the brother-in-law of a man who had been killed in a skirmish between Latter-day Saints and anti-Mormons in 1833, when Mormons were forced to leave Jackson County. The judge found probable cause that Smith and others had committed treason and committed them to jail to await trial. They spent the winter in the unheated Liberty, Missouri, jail, but never came to trial.
In prison chains, Joseph wrote his wife, “tell little Joseph [age 6] he must be a good boy, and Father loves him with a perfect love . . . Oh, my affectionate Emma, I want you to remember I am a true and faithful friend, to you and the children, forever, my heart is intwined around yours forever and ever, Oh may God bless you all.”
The impoverished Saints were indeed driven from Missouri, as Boggs had ordered. As many as 10,000 walked in bitter cold and snow 200 miles to the east to Quincy, Illinois, across the Mississippi River. There they were given food, shelter, and employment.
In April, apparently sympathetic guards allowed Smith and his fellow prisoners to escape.
Part 4: 24 April – 12 August 1839. Part 4 of the Documents covers the 4-month period following the Saints’ expulsion from Missouri. One of the first items of business was the preparation of a formal expression of gratitude for the generosity of the people of Quincy in welcoming and aiding the refugees. Efforts were made to obtain redress for members’ losses in Missouri, without success.
Church leaders who had arrived earlier in the year began arranging for the purchase of large tracts of land in Commerce, Illinois, to the north of Quincy, and in Montrose, Iowa Territory, across the Mississippi from Commerce. Members in Quincy and throughout the country were urged to move to Commerce; it would become the headquarters of the church. After receiving counsel from Smith on matters of doctrine and church administration, members of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles were called to preach the gospel in Europe and England.
The Joseph Smith Papers, Documents, Volume 6 is a scholarly work. It is nearly 800 pages in length and has almost 3,000 footnotes. It has 176 pages of reference material plus meticulously researched source notes for each of the 126 documents and an exhaustive index. One might be tempted to describe it as a research volume to be found primarily on the shelves of the reference library.
But the serious reader of Mormon history will find personal stories of love, hope, sorrow, tenderness, sadness, betrayal and unbridled evil, with a rich variety of characters, heroes and villains, who loved or hated the Mormon prophet and his fellow Saints.
This book gets five stars.