I first read this book when I was in the fifth grade, and I've never forgotten it. It tells the story of two boys in apartheid-era South Africa, Tengo and Frikkie. The two boys are the best of friends; Tengo is the black son of the "boss boy" on a large, prosperous farm, while Frikkie is the nephew of the farm owner, who comes to visit every summer. Since the boys were little, they've been inseparable, but as they enter young adulthood, apartheid's rules and expectations take hold. This hits Tengo especially hard. He's extremely intelligent and perceptive, and begins to question why whites are always the rulers while blacks are always the servants. As the inequalities between black and white become more real to him, Tengo becomes angry, no longer able to accept the role laid out for him When he goes off to Johannesburg for an education, Frikkie becomes upset that his friend has gone. Frikkie doesn't like change; he cannot understand why there is a rift between the two, or why Tengo would be insulted to inherit his father's position of boss boy when they get older. Once they separate, they each mature in different ways, until they meet once again as men, and realize just how much the other has changed.
Along with the glaring racism behind apartheid, Gordon also highlights the system's ironies. Frikkie is a poor student who hates school, and wants nothing more than to run his uncle's farm. Yet he doesn't have to pay school fees. Tengo, on the other hand, actively pursues an education, yet must scrimp and save to buy books, and enter an inferior educational system. The book also provides insight into how apartheid started in the first place and highlights the Europeans' misunderstanding and disdain for the Africans' culture. The book succeeds in that the audience understands the thought processes of Tengo and Frikkie, why they feel the way they feel, their goals for the future, etc. One feels sorry for these two boys whose lives were dictated by such an oppressive system, and the friendship that was destroyed. The family scenes are drawn well, as are the contrasts between farm and city life. One sections that stands out occurs when Frikkie's uncle tells the two boys about the Boer Great Trek, and the "accomplishments" of their ancestors, while highlighting the "savagery" of Tengo's people. Not only does Frikkie get excited about the story (which also reveals his unknowing internalization of societal rules), but both of them are inconsiderate of Tengo, and how he might feel hearing his ancestors talked about in such a way. Afterward, Tengo muses about stories he heard from his family, who remember the taking of their land. It's a poignant moment, one that underscores the deep resentment and hatred that informed apartheid's policies.
The pacing of the book is slow at times, but it never veers into tedium. I wanted more of was Frikkie's life at home with his parents; his aunt and uncle love him as their own, but it would have been interesting to contrast his life in the suburbs with the farm. I also wanted to hear more from Tengo and Frikkie's younger sisters. The book does not have a traditionally happy ending, nor are all of the conflicts resolved. This may disappoint some readers, but given the reality of the situation, it makes perfect sense. While much has been written about apartheid-era South Africa, I haven't been able to find much in the way of literature aimed at young adults (Beverley Naidoo is a notable exception; if anyone knows any others, please let me know). I recommend this book to them (older ones), as well as to others who want to learn more about life during apartheid. It's heartbreaking at times, but it does make one think deeply about friendship, as well as seeing the world as it really is.