В сборник «Дама с собачкой» великого отечественного писателя Антона Чехова вошло двадцать семь его легендарных коротких произведений. Среди них — одноименное, а также «Смерть чиновника», «Лошадиная фамилия», «Каштанка», «Ионыч», «Душечка», «Толстый и тонкий», «Репетитор», «Палата № 6», «Дом с мезонином», «Ванька» и не только. Также в издание включена «Маленькая трилогия», в которой, по мнению отечественного критика Ангела Богдановича, «обрисовывается среда, где властвует человек в футляре». В заглавном произведении сборника присутствуют отголоски реальной поездки автора в Ялту, где он встретился с его последней любовью — Ольгой Книппер. Главные герои знакомятся во время обеда в городском саду, заведя разговор о скуке. В «Смерти чиновника» Иван Червяков беспокоится о том, что статский генерал Бризжалов обиделся на него из-за непроизвольного чихания. В «Лошадиной фамилии» персонажи пытаются вспомнить фамилию знахаря-кудесника. В «Душечке» Оленька Племянникова из раза в раз подстраивается под увлечения любимых мужчин. А в «Каштанке» рыжая собака блуждает по дворам в поисках хозяина...
Dramas, such as The Seagull (1896, revised 1898), and including "A Dreary Story" (1889) of Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, also Chekov, concern the inability of humans to communicate.
Born (Антон Павлович Чехов) in the small southern seaport of Taganrog, the son of a grocer. His grandfather, a serf, bought his own freedom and that of his three sons in 1841. He also taught to read. A cloth merchant fathered Yevgenia Morozova, his mother.
"When I think back on my childhood," Chekhov recalled, "it all seems quite gloomy to me." Tyranny of his father, religious fanaticism, and long nights in the store, open from five in the morning till midnight, shadowed his early years. He attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog from 1867 to 1868 and then Taganrog grammar school. Bankruptcy of his father compelled the family to move to Moscow. At the age of 16 years in 1876, independent Chekhov for some time alone in his native town supported through private tutoring.
In 1879, Chekhov left grammar school and entered the university medical school at Moscow. In the school, he began to publish hundreds of short comics to support his mother, sisters and brothers. Nicholas Leikin published him at this period and owned Oskolki (splinters), the journal of Saint Petersburg. His subjected silly social situations, marital problems, and farcical encounters among husbands, wives, mistresses, and lust; even after his marriage, Chekhov, the shy author, knew not much of whims of young women.
Nenunzhaya pobeda, first novel of Chekhov, set in 1882 in Hungary, parodied the novels of the popular Mór Jókai. People also mocked ideological optimism of Jókai as a politician.
Chekhov graduated in 1884 and practiced medicine. He worked from 1885 in Peterburskaia gazeta.
In 1886, Chekhov met H.S. Suvorin, who invited him, a regular contributor, to work for Novoe vremya, the daily paper of Saint Petersburg. He gained a wide fame before 1886. He authored The Shooting Party, his second full-length novel, later translated into English. Agatha Christie used its characters and atmosphere in later her mystery novel The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. First book of Chekhov in 1886 succeeded, and he gradually committed full time. The refusal of the author to join the ranks of social critics arose the wrath of liberal and radical intelligentsia, who criticized him for dealing with serious social and moral questions but avoiding giving answers. Such leaders as Leo Tolstoy and Nikolai Leskov, however, defended him. "I'm not a liberal, or a conservative, or a gradualist, or a monk, or an indifferentist. I should like to be a free artist and that's all..." Chekhov said in 1888.
The failure of The Wood Demon, play in 1889, and problems with novel made Chekhov to withdraw from literature for a period. In 1890, he traveled across Siberia to Sakhalin, remote prison island. He conducted a detailed census of ten thousand convicts and settlers, condemned to live on that harsh island. Chekhov expected to use the results of his research for his doctoral dissertation. Hard conditions on the island probably also weakened his own physical condition. From this journey came his famous travel book.
Chekhov practiced medicine until 1892. During these years, Chechov developed his concept of the dispassionate, non-judgmental author. He outlined his program in a letter to his brother Aleksandr: "1. Absence of lengthy verbiage of political-social-economic nature; 2. total objectivity; 3. truthful descriptions of persons and objects; 4. extreme brevity; 5. audacity and originality; flee the stereotype; 6. compassion." Because he objected that the paper conducted against [a:Alfred Dreyfu
It is very difficult to read collections. Different in genre, volume, meaning, you get confused in them, do not have time to adapt to the new conditions of the next story. And most importantly - you quickly get lost in the atmospheres. Just when you get used to one character, at the most careless moment the end comes and everything just collapses. Still, collections, especially those including so many works, are more suitable for people who read slowly, without rushing, stretching out for months, forgetting or putting off books for another, "tomorrow" day. As it turns out, I do not belong to them.
[Scroll down for the English review] Этот сборник окончательно сделал Чехова одним из моих самых любимых писателей.
Что поражает у Чехова больше всего — это его тонкость. Он удивительно точно умеет показывать человеческую жизнь во всех её состояниях: горе, радость, пошлость, одиночество, тщеславие, страх, надежду, лицемерие, любовь, усталость от жизни. Почти каждый его рассказ воспринимается как картина: вглядываешься — и начинаешь замечать всё новые человеческие эмоции и смыслы.
Кроме того, Чехов для меня — ещё и важный культурно-исторический свидетель. Через его рассказы видишь быт конца XIX века в Российской империи, общественные привычки, отношение к власти, к вере, к бедности, к человеческому достоинству. Даже юмористические рассказы вроде «Смерти чиновника», «Лошадиной фамилии» или «Мальчиков» оказываются не просто смешными, а очень точными наблюдениями над раболепием, пошлостью и общественными условностями.
Особенно сильно меня поразили «Мужики», где внешняя набожность соседствует с пьянством, жестокостью и нищетой, и, конечно, «Палата № 6» — вершина всего сборника. Это, по-моему, один из самых мощных рассказов о равнодушии, несправедливости, общественной жестокости и опасности фатализма: когда человек говорит себе, что ничего нельзя изменить, но потом сам оказывается раздавлен той самой системой, на которую смотрел безучастно.
Очень сильное впечатление оставили также «Чёрный монах», «Ионыч», «Человек в футляре», «Крыжовник», «О любви», «Попрыгунья», «Тоска», «Ванька», «Дом с мезонином», «Дама с собачкой». Некоторые из этих рассказов буквально разрывают сердце, другие заставляют долго размышлять, а многие делают и то и другое одновременно.
Я читал многие из этих рассказов вслух вместе с женой, и почти каждый из них потом приводил нас к долгим разговорам о жизни, смерти, любви, вере, бессмысленной суете и человеческой ответственности. В этом, наверное, и есть сила Чехова: он не просто рассказывает историю, а заставляет думать и чувствовать глубже.
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This collection firmly established Chekhov as one of my favorite writers of all time.
What amazes me most about Chekhov is his delicacy and precision. He understands human life in all its heights and depths: sorrow, joy, vanity, loneliness, hypocrisy, fear, tenderness, spiritual exhaustion, love, and quiet despair. Almost every story feels like a painting. The longer you look, the more shades of human feeling and meaning begin to appear.
He is also, for me, an extraordinary cultural and historical witness. Through these stories, you enter everyday life in late nineteenth-century Russia: its habits, its cruelty, its social hierarchies, its empty piety, its relationship to suffering, death, and human dignity. Even the humorous stories are never “just” funny. Pieces like “The Death of a Government Clerk,” “The Horsey Name,” or “The Boys” also work as sharp critiques of servility, pretension, and social absurdity.
The stories that struck me most deeply were “Peasants” and especially “Ward No. 6.” “Peasants” is devastating in the way it shows poverty, drunkenness, brutality, and outward religiosity existing side by side. “Ward No. 6,” though, was the crown of the whole collection for me. It is a profoundly layered story about indifference, injustice, moral cowardice, and the danger of fatalism—the habit of saying “nothing can be done” until the same inhuman system turns and devours you as well.
I was also deeply moved by “The Black Monk,” “Ionich,” “The Man in a Case,” “Gooseberries,” “About Love,” “The Grasshopper,” “Misery,” “Vanka,” “The House with the Mezzanine,” and “The Lady with the Dog.” Some of these stories are heartbreaking, others philosophical, and many are both at once.
A special part of this reading experience was that I read many of these stories aloud with my wife. After almost every story, we ended up talking for a long time about life, death, love, faith, emptiness, responsibility, and the strange sadness of human existence. That, to me, is one of Chekhov’s greatest strengths: he does not merely tell stories—he opens spaces for reflection.