Somewhat autobiographical, two novellas, the second set during WWII, under the Nazis, as the "inglesi" bomb Torino and defeat Mussolini, though war continues. First protagonist Stefano shares some of Pavese’s characteristics: having been to prison (Pavese in 1935 by fascisti, along with Einaudi); or, living an isolated life, somewhat precarious, “Stefano si vedeva solo e precario, dolorosamente isolato”(42). His joking companions in cards were as “remote from him as if he were in a desert.” Stefano, and maybe Pavese, spoke “troppo di sé”(45). This solitude followed him all day, under the blue skies, “Quel senso di solitudine fisica che l’aveva accompagnato tutto il giorno”(59).
Stefano takes a daily dip in the mare, which Pavese could not in Torino. (When winter comes, Stefano doesn't bathe at all.) Stefano joins Gianino with his belt of bullets. His friend says the season’s wrong for bird hunting, after Summer, before Fall, but they should find “qualche merlo o qualche quaglia”(67) No! Merlo, Euro-Blackbirds, are brilliant singers, almost diatonic; I gave a talk in Milano, “Un Merlo Buon-Veneziano,” A Good Venetian Merlo(t), punning but describing paths throughout Venice where I heard Blackbirds—whom I imitated. At the end, I played my jazz waltz, “Upthrush” based on the Wood Thrush’s pentatonic song, the greatest North American birdtalk. My three dozen Italians listening wanted me to play my Upthrush again, but not my Italian, bad because I cannot roll my R’s.
Protaganist in second story, not named for thirty-five pages, when a former girlfriend asks if she can call him Corrado (163). Second novella, even closer to the author's life, set in Torino before WWII, when the city is bombed, evidently by Nazis, so all the friends in "La casa in collina,"the title, say they're Nazis, "Lo siamo tutti," to keep things without bombing and risk (162).
Pavese can write well, about natural surroundings, “La sabina licia riluceva come marmo,” the beach shone like marble (49). Or about human relations, “Le donne piú ti cercano. Proprio come le guardie.” Women can chase you just like the taxman (44). Or about culture, "Here everyone's a lawyer, we all have relatives in jail": "Qui sono tutti avvocati. Hanno tutti un parente in prigione"(103).
In the first story, Gianino hunts carrying his weapon on his back, offers it to Stefano to shoot near a rock harboring quail. Stefano fires in the air, his friend finishes off the quail, offers it to Stefano to share with his girlfriend. At least they didn’t kill a Blackbird, and after all we live near a dead-end street called Quail Trail (a realtor’s name, unlike the old names—Swamp Road, Cemetery Lane).
Gianino tells him about a young woman he likes to look at, Concia, “Tanning,” with her sun-browned neck, without shoes, like all servants (until slippers 124). Stefano sees Concia as beautiful as a goat (capra, a randy Italian standard), or between a statue and a goat, “tra la statua e la capra”(59). Meanwhile, a woman his age, Elena sometimes stays the night with him, even gives him a small armadio so he can unpack his suitcase. When Elena leaves him, he spends his first time with a prostitute, "una donna del buio," but doesn't touch her(128). After he’s spent a few days talking with Gianino, Elena warns him, You don’t know what he’s done, “Non credere a quello che dice”(95). Don’t listen to what he says. He’s brutal.
The Law agrees; maresciallo Barbariccia locks up Gianino.
Stefano feels imprisoned by everything, the sea, the rows of figtrees, his room. Prison as theme culminates in, "il mondo intero come un carcero dove si è chiusi per la ragione piú diverse"(121), the whole world's a prison where everybody's locked up for different reasons.
The Italian poor couldn't afford bread, so they ate what grew, or often what did not grow. But even amidst poverty, they celebrated Natale, I was pleased to learn, as a trombonist. Some of the musicians were poor, shoeless, but "davanti alla casa suonando le trombette e triangoli e cantando," playing trumpet and triangle and singing before the houses (123). They were paid a small coin, or with chocolates! And the baker would make a flat Christmas cake everyone shared.
The second story, House on the Hill looks backward, on younger loves, younger life--in fact, a life he feels "la vita di un altro," someone else's (147). When a woman asks where are his friends, Corrado answers, "One's married, in a bar, one moved away, so someone I saw every day, no more" (162). The wealthy are not threatened by the fire-bombing of Torino; they simply withdraw to their villas by the sea or in the hills (157).
As a teacher like Corrado, my favorite passage comes when Torino is devastated, and he goes to the empty school, still standing. The portieri is still there, whom he sends off to check on his relatives, says he'll be the doorman, for awhile. Then he enters his empty classroom and mutters off his class list, "i nomi dei ragazzi," which made him feel like an old woman praying, "mi sentii come una vecchia che borbotta preghiere"(153).
The "inglesi" are bombing Torino and the anti-aircraft batteries manned by tedeschi. Rumor has it lots of German troops in the Veneto, and ordered Italian troops to shoot at the crowd, but they released politicians from prison. And, "Il papa fece un altro discorso invocando l'amore"(197). The Pope once again spoke about love. (Pius XII, now suspected of tacit support of Nazis.)
But nazi control around Torino leaves fewer corpses and less blood than down near Belbo, his hometown where he flees first by rail, then by foot. He comes to a town where bodies strew the road, and a few wounded, bloody. The Partisani, the ones fighting Mussolini’s grey-green uniformed Italian troops, have shot the uniformed; or, the tedeschi, the Germans,have fired randomly at fields, from the train.
Corrado finds places to hide, like hay-mows, which I understand from haying at my Gramp’s farm on Crockett Ridge, Maine. I helped mow the hay from a Model B Ford tractor, and I backed the hay wagon into the barn, pitched it off into the mow. We kids would jump into that from high in the barn— which always had the cow, Polly, and a calf, and two summers, a pony, harness, bit and saddle.
Last chapters, they hope winter never ends, for the war will start up again. Pavese’s irony, This is the country life I wanted as a boy (la vita dei boschi) p.278. Pavese, The valley heroes are all...young men, tutti ragazzi.
Pavese documents the last two years of the war in Italy, from Mussolini being beaten out of Bari, his loss of the South and Rome, but not quite to his death in Milano. In fact, this civil war, “Io non credo che possa finire” except for “i morti .” For them, the war is over, daverro.
PS. As always, I learn Italian conversational words, like “fannullone.” Of course, anything ending in “oh-nay,” Italian “-one,” means a bigger one. “Fannulla,” a loafer, so fannullone, a big loafer (51).
See my reviews of Pavese's Lavorare Stanca and his translation of David Copperfield.