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Theory of Shadows: A Novel

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The strange circumstances surrounding the death of the world chess champion and alleged Nazi collaborator Alexander Alekhine, as investigated by a literary grand master

On the morning of March 24, 1946, the world chess champion Alexander Alekhine--"sadist of the chess world," renowned for his eccentric behavior as well as the ruthlessness of his playing style--was found dead in his hotel room in Estoril, Portugal. He was fully dressed and wearing an overcoat, slumped back in a chair, in front of a meal, a chessboard just out of reach. The doctor overseeing the autopsy certified that Alekhine died of asphyxiation due to a piece of meat stuck in his larynx and assured the world that there was absolutely no evidence of suicide or foul play.

Some, of course, have commented that the photos of the corpse look suspiciously theatrical, as though staged. Others have wondered why Alekhine would have sat down to his dinner in a hot room while wearing a heavy overcoat. And what about all these rumors concerning Alekhine's activities during World War II? Did he really pen a series of articles on the inherent inferiority of Jewish chess players? Can he really be seen in photographs with high-ranking Nazi officials? And as for his own homeland, is it true that the Russians considered him a traitor, as well as a possible threat to the new generation of supposedly superior Soviet chess masters?

With the atmosphere of a thriller, the insight of a poem, and a profound knowledge of the world of chess ("the most violent sport there is," according to the Russian world champion Garry Kasparov), Paolo Maurensig's Theory of Shadows leads us through the life and death of Alekhine: not so much trying to figure out whodunit as using the story of one infuriating and unapologetic genius to tease out "that which the novel alone can discover."

192 pages, Hardcover

First published October 8, 2015

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About the author

Paolo Maurensig

25 books143 followers
Paolo Maurensig (Gorizia, 1943-Udine, 2021) è stato uno scrittore italiano.
Approdato alla scrittura dopo aver fatto l'agente di commercio, il successo letterario è arrivato nel 1993 con La variante di Lüneburg, che narra di una partita fra due maestri di scacchi che si prolunga idealmente attraverso gli eventi storici della seconda guerra mondiale, con il colpo di scena finale che rivelerà la vera natura dei giocatori.
Il secondo romanzo, Canone inverso del 1996, è invece incentrato sulla musica, in una cornice mitteleuropea

Paolo Maurensig, wa an Italian novelist, best known for the book Canone Inverso.
Before becoming a novelist, Maurensig worked in a variety of occupations, including as a restorer of antique musical instruments. His first book, The Luneburg Variation, was published after he had turned 50. His second book, Canone Inverso, achieved international fame. As of the mid-1990s, Maurensig lives in Udine, Italy. He plays the baroque flute, viola de gamba, and the cello.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 49 reviews
Profile Image for Bill on GR Sabbatical.
289 reviews87 followers
June 18, 2020
I like historical fiction, enjoy unfamiliar locales, and have played chess on and off throughout my life, so when I saw this novel about the last days and suspicious death of world chess champion Alexander Alekhine in his hotel room in Estoril, Portugal in March 1946, at Warwick's Books in La Jolla this winter, I snapped it up and thought it might be a new favorite. It was an interesting enough read, but didn't live up to my hopes.

It might have been that the framing device, of opening and closing the book in the voice of an unnamed writer researching a novel about Alekhine's death on a trip to Portugal in 2012, promised something more than it delivered. The story of Alekhine's final days that formed the central narrative was much better - tense, atmospheric, and uncomfortable, filled with flashbacks of his early life, chess career, several marriages, alcoholism, and collaboration with Nazis.

This is the second of Italian novelist Maurensig's novels about chess and anti-Semitism, the first being The Luneberg Variation, his debut, published when he was 50. I haven't decided yet whether I'll try it.
Profile Image for Andy Weston.
3,138 reviews222 followers
June 5, 2020
After staying for a few months at the Hotel do Parque in Estoril, Portugal, world chess champion Alexander Alekhine was found mysteriously dead in his room on March 24, 1946. He was soon to play a title match against Russian challenger, Botvinnik, the cause of death was not clear, and speculation as to foul play ensued.
Maurensig's excellent novel tells of an author (not necesarilly himself) writing a novel about the last years of Alekhine's life, but he is searching for an ending, and so travels to the hotel in Estoril.
The novel works so well because it is only partly a psychological thriller. There are wonderful passages as Alekhine befriends a Jewish violinist, the only other guest at the hotel, and they discuss art and talent, Alekhine claims his chess skill to be on par with Neumann’s prowess,
All the arts share a common effort to dominate matter, to bring order to chaos, technique comes to our aid to perform that task, but beyond that there is an additional factor that enables a work to rise to the level of art, chess must come to grips with a magmatic mass that is constantly evolving

This is the time of the Nuremburg Trials, photos of Alekhine with Goebbels and other leading members of the Nazi party come to light. Rumours circulate that he could be a Nazi sympathiser and a racist, an anti-semite.
It is therefore a novel far greater than the initial suggested metaphor of life as a chess game. It is a work of fiction, yet an in-depth overview of Alekhine’s fascinating life.
In a novel you can say things that in other contexts would be forbidden. Then again, perhaps only the imaginationallows us to arrive at certain hidden truths.
says Maurensig's 'writer'.
So yes, the novel does have an ending, and its a damn good one.
Profile Image for Roberta.
1,984 reviews334 followers
November 19, 2018
Ci sono case editrici nel cui catalogo mi sento di pescare a occhi chiusi, sapendo che qualsiasi cosa mi capiterà in mano sarà una lettura di qualità: Adelphi è tra queste.

Paolo Maurensig si interroga sugli ultimi giorni della vita di Aleksandr Aleksandrovič Alechin, mito dello scacchismo mondiale. Come tanti miti ha avuto una vita travagliata e discutibile: mentre Alechin soggiorna a Lisbona si tiene il processo di Norimberga, che vede accusati alcuni suoi "amici". Lo scacchista ha infatti giocato sotto bandiera nazista, a suo dire semplicemente per non subire persecuzioni e non farle subire alla moglie, mezza ebrea.
Non so giocare a scacchi e non conosco il pantheon scacchistico, ma leggere la biografia romanzata di un personaggio così controverso è stato davvero interessante.

Come è morto Alechin? I suoi problemi di salute erano numerosi e noti, risultato di una vita sedentaria e della passione per alcool e carni rosse molto al sangue. Tradizionalmente si crede infatti che sia stato soffocato da un boccone di carne poco prima di tornare sul palcoscenico dello scacchismo internazionale. Il romanzo invece esplora la teoria politiche che vede Alechin come un fastidio, un'anomalia per la Russia bolscevica appena nata, qualcosa da eliminare per evitare che potesse tornare a vincere. Ho cercato un po' in rete, tra le varie teorie del complotto non sembra la più accredita, ma Maurensig riesce a chiudere senza abbassare la qualità della narrazione.




Profile Image for Valentina Accardi.
199 reviews27 followers
December 18, 2015
Un bel libro, a metà tra la biografia e il reportage, sulla vita di un personaggio che non conoscevo affatto: lo scacchista russo Alexandre Alekhine. Una figura un ambigua e misteriosa. Mi è venuta pure una gran voglia di imparare e conoscere meglio gli scacchi, ma poi mi sono resa conto che sicuramente non fanno per me. Ci vogliono menti particolari.
Molto bello!
Profile Image for Simona.
967 reviews227 followers
December 22, 2017
Da un passato di collaborazionista sino a traditore della patria per i sovietici, Maurensig ci trascina o meglio ci fa conoscere la figura di Alexandre Alekhine, il campione del mondo del gioco degli scacchi.
La vita di Alexandre Alekhine è sempre ruotata intorno al gioco degli scacchi e a quello che questo gioco, ritenuto "lo sport più violento che esista" è in grado di donare. La vita di questo personaggio è disseminata di ombre: un uomo scontroso, difficile da comprendere e da avvicinare, di cui si cerca di capire le ragioni inspiegabili della sua morte avvenuta in una stanza di un albergo a Estoril.
E' proprio da questo luogo che la voce narrante parte per far luce su quella strana morte, cercando di capire il suo passato, la sua passione sfrenata per gli scacchi.
Una strana vicenda che scava nel torbido e nel mistero mostrandoci diversi aspetti del gioco degli scacchi in una Europa dilaniata da rancori post - bellici, dove non è previsto lo scacco matto, ma una riflessione molto amara sulla vita e l'uomo.
Profile Image for Padmin.
991 reviews55 followers
August 11, 2020
Tre *** e mezzo.
Risvolto
La mattina del 24 marzo 1946 Alexandre Alekhine, detentore del titolo di campione del mondo di scacchi, venne trovato privo di vita nella sua stanza d’albergo, a Estoril. L’esame autoptico certificò che il decesso era avvenuto per asfissia, e che questa era stata provocata da un pezzo di carne conficcatosi nella laringe – escludendo qualsiasi altra ipotesi. La stampa portoghese pubblicò la versione ufficiale, e il caso fu rapidamente archiviato. Da allora, però, sulle cause di quella morte si sono moltiplicati sospetti e illazioni. Qualcuno ha insinuato che le foto del cadavere facevano pensare a una messinscena; qualcun altro si è chiesto come mai Alekhine stesse cenando nella sua stanza indossando un pesante cappotto – senza contare che il defunto aveva un passato di collaborazionista, e che i sovietici lo giudicavano un traditore della patria... Con il fiuto e il passo del narratore di razza, e con la sua profonda conoscenza del mondo degli scacchi («lo sport più violento che esista», ha detto uno che se ne intendeva, Garri Kasparov), Paolo Maurensig indaga sulla morte di Alekhine cercando di scoprire, come dice Kundera citando Hermann Broch, «ciò che solo il romanzo può scoprire».
--------------
Lievemente inferiore al libro che Fabio Stassi dedica a Capablanca, il grande rivale di Alekhine, ma godibilissimo. Intrigo perfetto tra scacchi e storia.
Ma la vera domanda è: perché mi ostino a leggere periodicamente libri sugli scacchi, se non so giocare? Ovvio che mi sfugga gran parte delle metafore (tranne quella che tutti conoscono).
Profile Image for Matt Simmons.
104 reviews8 followers
August 13, 2018
Alexandre Alekhin was one of the most exceptional men of the 20th century; arguably the greatest chess player of the era before Fischer, a Russian of the old elite demolished by Bolshevism who lived in perpetual exile from his beloved homeland, speaker of a half-dozen languages, companion of Hans Frank, the Third Reich's supreme commander of occupied Poland. He was also a fundamentally mundane man in his foibles--drink, women, money troubles. He died under suspicious circumstances at a resort hotel in Portugal in 1946; this magnificent novel serves as a means of investigating that death, or an imagined version of it.

Maurensig writes a novel-within-a-novel, with the main story bookended by the writings of an anonymous narrator, a novelist (who may or may not be Maurensig) investigating and preparing to write a novel about Alekhine's death. With this familiarly Nabakovian move, Maurensig is able to parallel his subject--Alekhine, with a review of his life and his devotion to chess--with the act of writing the novel itself; the question that rises is how does art function, and what does art do?

This isn't just some exceptionally obtuse, elitist notion, but something that gets us to a very profound and important, and even practical!, set of questions. Maurensig's pursuit of his art--chess--lead him to ignore many ways in which he collaborated with evil, in which he himself did evil, and kept him from facing the profound contradictions within himself, e.g. that the only friend this Nazi fellow traveler has in the novel is a Jewish violinist. But the novel, and the frame narrative of the creation of it, is itself an obsessive devotion to art, or at least a particular instance and instantiation of it, that does something entirely different--we are not insulated from the complex truths of a self (Alekhine, but the self-reflection this novel produces is intense), but rather unavoidably and inescapably faced with it. To play on the name of the novel--shadows and light exist always together, and what is hidden is merely contained within the penumbra of what is revealed.

This interplay of shadows and light, and the ways in which it structures the novel's twinned evocations of art and its obsessive purposes, serve to point to another significant idea Maurensig develops, that of the alienation and bureaucratic loneliness that accompanies the realities of mid-20th century totalitarianism--and yet still feels incredibly contemporary. Alekhine is, in some ways, a pitiful character and a pawn being passed back and forth in the great game of 4-D chess being played by the free West, the fascists, the USSR, and the various petty client states (like Portugal) of Europe; he is a man who has become simply a symbol, a useful piece of propaganda who is utterly unaware of his true status. Living in his world of art and the fantastic, beautiful memories of a world lost that he nevertheless holds to and that provides him with something like meaning, Alekhine is tossed around, unaware--though, to the novel's credit, it asks whether or not he is unintentionally unaware or if he has decided to plug his ears--of who he is, and to whom he is who he is, and why.

The world of this novel is one un-moored from religion and metaphysics (our world, similarly devoid of those two most human things, arguably began with the Nuremberg trials), and Maurensig asks what happens when we are without those; his answer, it seems, is that we find ourselves caught between darkness and light, knowing and unknowing, revelation and hiding, struggling to find something--art, chess, booze, sex, walks on the beach, money, what have you--that will help us resist the loneliness and navigate between the light and the dark, to understand what, exactly, they are. Alexandre Alekhine could not do that, to his ultimate demise. But Maurensig's novel, and the frame narration that serves as its double and parallel, which brings the novel out from its world into our world and out of the concerns of Alekhine to the world of you and me, does a superb job of asking these questions and showing us how to begin to explore them. And for those reasons, this slim little book is a very, very good novel.
Profile Image for Alfonso D'agostino.
909 reviews72 followers
December 9, 2017
Muovendosi con equilibrio tra storia e romanzo, Paolo Maurensig racconta in Teoria delle ombre la vita di Alexandre Alekhine, campione del mondo di scacchi il cui corpo venne trovato senza vita nel marzo del 1946 in una stanza d'albergo di Estoril, in Portogallo. Un uomo dal passato oscuro e dal presente incerto la cui fine è considerata, ancora oggi, avvolta dal mistero e quindi preda di facilissime teorie della cospirazione.

Indagare sulla morte di Alekhine equivale, inevitabilmente, a studiarne la vita. E nel raccontare una vita Maurensig è davvero un maestro: non parla (solo) la mia vena campanilistica, ma lo gridano anche i suoi romanzi (La variante di Lüneburg è un capolavoro della nostra letteratura moderna). Quando una penna di questo livello incontra la storia di un uomo che ha sfiorato le vette del bene e del Male assoluto, la solitudine e la celebrità, il respiro della democrazia e il miasma delle dittature, beh, il risultato non può che essere appagante.

Alexandre Alekhine è stato uno scacchista - uno dei più grandi, mi dicono - dalla personalità discussa: fortemente antisemita, al punto da produrre testi tecnici in cui sosteneva la "superiorità del gioco ariano rispetto al gioco ebraico", eppure capace di indignarsi con l'appassionato del gioco e suo mecenate Hans Frank (Governatore della Polonia occupata dai nazisti) per la condanna a morte di Dawid Przepiórka, campione di scacchi colpevole di aver messo piede in un locale vietato agli ebrei. Eppure, un personaggio che appare solo a tratti ripugnante, che colma quasi più di pena per una vita e una mente gettata nell'orrore, in quello che - disse Kasparov - è lo sport più violento.

Una vita terminata in un'assurda morte naturale, come fa credere il referto autoptico, o sacrificata all'altare dei delicati equilibri che seguono il secondo conflitto mondiale, agli albori della Guerra Fredda?

http://capitolo23.com/2017/12/09/lart...
Profile Image for Tom LA.
680 reviews280 followers
July 21, 2020
Maurensig è un vero maestro.
Profile Image for Abc.
1,105 reviews108 followers
May 17, 2018
Ha deluso un po' le mie aspettative. Francamente faccio fatica a recensirlo perché in realtà non mi ha smosso nulla. Non ho trovato niente di particolare in questo breve romanzo da cui trarre spunto per scrivere un commento sostanzioso.
Per cui niente, lo definirei insipido.
Profile Image for Pablo.
Author 5 books26 followers
June 22, 2017
3'5/5 This is an ambitious book that aims to offer a comprehensive overview of Alekhine's life at the same time as it explores his psychological complexities and contradictions.
seems
To my taste, its style suffers, sometimes, from the curse of the historical writer, an abuse of exposition just for the sake of completion, but nevertheless is a very enjoyable read. Also, the psychological portrait of Alekhine in his last days is extremely well-crafted and thought-provoking.
Profile Image for Novella Semplici.
424 reviews9 followers
October 12, 2024
Romanzo storicamente accuratissimo, e solo per quello meriterebbe un voto più alto. Ma la tematica non mi ha preso molto. Il testo indaga gli ultimi momenti di vita del campione di scacchi Aleksandr Alechin, di origini russe ma espatriato in Francia prima e in Portogallo in quanto anticomunista, in rapporti sospetti con alcuni membri del nazismo, quattro mogli, e un rapporto pericoloso con l'alcool.
Era già molto malandato ma probabilmente la sua morte è stata decretata da potenze umane.
Il testo indaga i pensieri di quest'uomo, vissuto in tempi difficili, e con una sola ragione di vita: gli scacchi.
In nome di questa passione è disposto a passare sopra tutto il resto.
Il libro è scritto in terza persona ma assumendo il punto di vista del protagonista, a parte prologo ed epilogo in cui sembra parlare l'autore (chissà se è un artificio anche questo o è vero...).
In ogni caso è più un testo introspettivo che un giallo. Come reagisce l'uomo all'incontro con la prossima fine? E in mome dell'Arte cosa siamo disposti a concedere? Queste le domande principali a cui giustamente non si dà una risposta univoca. Per quanto riguarda la morte del campione, una versione ufficiale convincente del caso non c'è nemmebo oggi purtroppo; ma il sospetto di un intrigo internazionale sta in piedi.
Molto meticolosa la conoscenza scacchistica di chi scrive. La mia è minima e questo sicuramente ha influito sul gradimento, che per quanto riconosca gli alti meriti non è stato poi così elevato. Un buon libro che può a mio parere diventare più bello se letto da cultori della materia. Se si potesse dare tre stelle e mezzo.
Profile Image for Baldurian.
1,220 reviews34 followers
June 18, 2025
La Teoria delle ombre è una storia sui postumi della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, con i suoi strascichi di vendette e nuovi equilibri globali; persino il mondo degli scacchi, con il campione del mondo – ormai sul viale del tramonto – Alexandre Alekhine, non è immune a queste lotte sotterranee.
Un mistero in cui anche i carnefici sono, in fondo, le vittime di qualcun altro e dove le ombre, siano esse della colpa o della politica, decidono il destino di tutti.
Pur non essendo al livello de La variante di Lüneburg, Maurensig confeziona comunque un bel romanzo, muovendosi con grazia in un ambito a lui familiare.
Profile Image for Àlex Ferrís.
2 reviews
February 8, 2021
Interessant. No parla massa d'escacs pero ajuda a conèixer la situació de la misteriosa mort d'Alekhine.
253 reviews1 follower
April 23, 2020
I would give it 2.5 stars but rounded up. Theory of Shadows is the shortest long book I have ever read. I don’t know if it is the genre or the translation but I often found the story hard to follow and I was forced to read many parts over several times. I would like a friend to read this book so I could discuss it with her and then maybe I would get more out of it.

The only reasons I would recommend this book is for the reader to learn about the philosophy behind chess and the world champ of chess Alexandre Alekhide.
Profile Image for Celeno.
54 reviews1 follower
June 7, 2020
Raramente riesco a trovare scrittori italiani contemporanei che riescano a soddisfare i miei gusti letterari, considero quindi Paolo Maurensig un'eccezionale scoperta.
Ottima padronanza della lingua italiana, a cui si approccia con uno stile assolutamente squisito.
L'unica pecca giace nell'ultimo capitolo: non mi è garbata la scelta dell'autore di terminare il romanzo poco prima della morte di Alexander Alekhine, la quale viene descritta invece in un capitolo finale a parte, narrato in prima persona dall'autore, descrivendo la ricerca delle fonti necessarie per ottenere le informazioni riguardo agli ultimi istanti di vita di Alekhine.
Scivolata finale a parte, è un romanzo che merita davvero di essere letto.
Profile Image for Loscrittorucolo.
219 reviews5 followers
August 31, 2016
Il romanzo narra del ritrovamento del cadavere, e a ritroso della vita, di Alexandre Alekhine, campione del mondo sovietico di scacchi, fuggito prima in Francia, dove durante la guerra era in odore di collaborazionismo con i nazisti, e poi seppellito in un albergo sulla costa portoghese. Chi ha ucciso Alekhine? Giostrato attorno al gioco degli scacchi e alla sua filosofia, il romanzo è orchestrato in modo eccelso, e per molti versi fa pensare a Simenon (almeno a me) per via della scrittura asciutta, economica e perfettamente calibrata, nonché per il modo magistrale in cui sono rese le atmosfere.
Romanzo davvero bello, vivamente consigliato.
Profile Image for Maria Beltrami.
Author 48 books73 followers
March 7, 2016
Per quanto, in linea di principio, mi piaccia la prosa di Maurensig, non sono riuscita a godere appieno di questo libro, forse perché l'autore non è riuscito del tutto a conciliare la sua vena di scrittore un po' "retrò", con stilemi linguistici che possono a volte sembrare ottocenteschi, con il desiderio di fare di questo libro una specie di noir. Il risultato è a volte un po' confuso, e, soprattutto, non si capisce bene che cosa, nella storia narrata, abbia spinto Maurensig a narrarla.
Il capitolo finale è forse la parte migliore di tutto il testo.
Profile Image for Jim Fonseca.
1,150 reviews8,384 followers
December 9, 2023
This is a fictionalized biography of Alexander Alexhine, a Russian chess Grand Master, holder of the world championship chess title from 1927 to 1935 and again in 1937. In this review I will give a basic summary of his life, which is largely the plot of the novel, so I should say SPOILERS FOLLOW. (And not all factual details about the main character are from the book itself.)

While Alexhine was born in Russia (1892-1946) he lived at various times in many European countries and ran into political troubles in most. He had made anti-Bolshevik remarks as a young man in Russia, was imprisoned and even sentenced to death but higher powers, recognizing his chess abilities, intervened.

description

Obviously, with a life obsessed by chess, was he the classic ‘crazy genius’? He certainly had his share of quirks. Apparently he ‘dined’ by eating chunks of raw meat using his fingers. He usually wore a heavy, full-length black overcoat even in summer. He married four times, almost always to older wealthy women so we suspect not all these relationships were based on love.

When war broke out between Germany and Russia, Alexhine was living in Germany, now subject to harassment for being Russian. He was imprisoned again, apparently for the crime of being a Russian who beat a German at chess. He fled to France and later Portugal.

He moved to Paris and initially found a good refuge. As a world champion he hung out in cafes with celebrities including Jack London, Ian Fleming, Rudyard Kipling, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. (Who knew the latter two were chess enthusiasts?)

One of his wives was half Jewish, living in France at the time of the Nazi occupation. Alexhine claimed that to protect his wife, he was forced to write an analysis of great Jewish chess players. (Alexhine himself was not Jewish.) He did so but he said the Nazi propagandists took his ‘scientific’ work and turned it into an antisemitic screed about how Jews played unfairly and used sneaky moves, etc.

While Alexhine reminisces about all these events, most of the current story takes place in Estoril, Portugal where he was living near his end of life. The story becomes, in part, what I will call a ‘hotel story’ akin to Gentleman in Moscow by Amor Towles.

Alexhine is in an unusual situation. Someone, he doesn't know who, pays his hotel bill for him but he has to write letters to acquaintances begging for money to cover his necessary expenses: alcohol and cigars. He is in the resort hotel off-season and he’s the only guest. His strangeness generates a lot of notice among the staff.

When some guests arrive, he makes friends with a Jewish man. He asks himself ‘Have I ever had a Jewish friend’? As he meditates on that, his mind ratchets up to the next level and he asks himself “Have I ever had a friend’?

The story turns ominous.

This passage illustrates the author’s style as well as providing us with a main theme of the book:

“Indeed, collaborators...” Correira murmured, looking him straight in the eye. “Those are the worst of all. Though we can think of the Nazis as automatons, stripped of their souls, and therefore unable to act any differently, informers, on the other hand, must have retained a speck of human conscience. It was their choice, therefore, to side with evil, many driven by personal hatred, by envy, by a desire for profit. Moreover, they were able to operate in the shadows, in anonymity. As a result, they were guilty of inexcusable acts. Yet, despite everything, many will never be punished - they will return to their habitual, respectable lives without being made to pay the price for their sins.”

description

It's a good story with straightforward writing. The Italian author (1943-2021) was a late-blooming novelist who published his first book at age 50. That book, The Lunenburg Variation, is still the one he is most famous for. His second book is one I have reviewed, Canone inverso. Although a late bloomer, he caught up quickly writing a dozen novels, about half of which have been translated into English.

Top photo of Alexander Alexhine from britannica.com
The author from huffingtonpost.it

Profile Image for Liviu.
2,512 reviews699 followers
January 21, 2023
Short but detail-packed novel about the last days of the great Russian Chessmaster Alekhine; penniless and down on his luck, in a sort of exile in Portugal in 1946 after being banned from a recent important chess tournament for his Nazi ties (emigre with French nationality, Alekhine while initially protesting the German occupation of France, later collaborated with the Nazis to some extent - he claimed that was only to protect his half-Jewish fourth wife Grace - though he soon became a sort of protegee of the infamous Hans Frank, German governor of Poland, later hanged for war crimes after the famous Nuremberg trial) as he was persona non-grata in France, Alekhine is put up by anonymous benefactors in a luxurious hotel in the resort of Estoril near Lisbon.

Befriending a Jewish musician haunted by the loss of his family in the Holocaust and lacking ready cash for even the smallest purchases, while receiving anonymous clippings of earlier pictures of himself on front pages of Nazi journals and laughing cordially with Hans Frank, Alekhine is at the bottom of his fortunes and with his body failing due to excessive drinking and smoking, it seems to be only a matter of time, and not that much after all, until he will be dead and either reviled or forgotten.

However things seem to be turning at least slightly in his favor as a Portuguese friend arranges a lucrative newspaper interview, while news has come from London that the Soviets are willing to sponsor there a world championship game between Alekhine - the undisputed holder of the title for most of the past 18 years (he narrowly lost it for about two years in the 30's when playing drunk and depressed a title match against Max Euwe, though he sobered up for a while and trounced Euwe in the rematch) and still the acknowledged best player in the world -and the rising youngish Soviet grandmaster Botvinnik who actually was one of few players to hold a positive record against Alekhine (1 win and two draws before the war); a similar match was bruited about for 1939-1940 but the start of WW 2 made it impossible.

And so it goes, alternating with snippets from his past, his difficult relationship with his many wives and few children as well as from his Russian life as a child of a noble but distressed family, and later as a young man navigating the difficult world of the 1918-1921 Russia until he was allowed to emigrate by marrying a Swiss admirer.

As we know, the match (a match of the century for sure before Fisher-Spassky) was not to be as Alekhine dies mysteriously in Estoril at the age of 54 and the author explores magisterially both his last days, his friendship with the Jewish musician, who while horrified when being sent the same pictures of Alekhine with the Nazis and confronting him, sort of forgives him in the end and various possibilities to account for the death.

Gripping and not to be put down, so highly recommended
Profile Image for Joan Roure.
Author 4 books193 followers
October 9, 2018
Alexandre Alekhine fue un gran campeón del mundo de ajedrez. Su vida dio mucho de sí, de hecho, hay que decir que Alekhine tuvo una vida literaria más que interesante. Muerto en extrañas circunstancias, con hipótesis de todo tipo al respecto en parte propiciadas por la intensa vida del protagonista: defenestrado por sus compatriotas soviéticos que lo consideraban un traidor a la patria, acusado de colaborar con los nazis, alcohólico y obsesionado con el ajedrez hasta el punto de convertirlo en su máxima prioridad en la vida, muy por encima de cualquier otra cosa.
Maurensig hace un retrato casi perfecto del personaje; nos muestra su intelectualidad y también sus bajezas humanas, e indaga y especula sobre su muerte generando la dosis necesaria de suspense e intriga. Particularmente me he quedado con ganas de más (lo cual no es algo negativo, sino todo lo contrario), pues como dije antes, la convulsa vida del personaje así lo permitía. No hace falta ser un experto en ajedrez, ni siquiera saber jugar a él para leer este libro, lo cual es un punto a tener en cuenta a la hora de decidir leerlo y de disfrutarlo.
Os dejo este maravilloso pasaje que bien podría definirse como atemporal y que deja abierta una interesante puerta a la reflexión:

"Todos sabemos que, en una cordial conversación en torno a la mesa, nadie podría convencernos de que actuáramos guiándonos por el mal. Convencernos, por ejemplo, de que es lícito robar. Pero si alguien repite una y otra vez que se trata de un acto de justicia y que robando no hacemos otra cosa que redistribuir los bienes, muchos acabarán por creer a ese alguien, convenciéndose de ello. Sobre todo si ese alguien lo proclama en voz alta en las plazas, si enarbola símbolos y enseñas y es ovacionado por la multitud. Eso es lo que sucedió en Rusia, impulsado por los bolcheviques, y después en Alemania por los nazis. Las masas siempre albergan una buena dosis de resentimiento hacia alguien: contra los aristócratas, contra los burgueses, contra los judíos. ¿Creen acaso que a toda esa gente le horroriza lo que ha sucedido? A algunos puede que sí, pero la mayoría, aunque finjan estar espeluznados, en su fuero interno sienten una perversa satisfacción. En condiciones particulares, el alma humana es capaz de las mayores bajezas; en el caso concreto de las guerras, sublevaciones y revoluciones, cuando el orden constituido se viene abajo, debemos estar preparados para que quien derribe a media noche la puerta de nuestra casa sea un conocido, un pariente, un amigo. Y si bien éstos tienen al menos valor para dar la cara, un ejército silencioso se encuentra diseminado por el país: el de los delatores, el de los colaboracionistas."
111 reviews3 followers
October 21, 2017
In un racconto a cornice, ecco Maurensig tornare a un romanzo sugli scacchi, gioco psico-logico e pratica sociologica, segnato dalla dicotomia tra attività meramente speculativa e potere creativo.

Il pretesto è quello del romanziere alla ricerca di un finale adeguato al proprio libro e quello del romanzo nel romanzo. L’intenzione soggiacente è quella di esplorare la figura del campione Alekhine, personalità contraddittoria e ambigua, ex-membro del Partito comunista e interprete per conto del Comintern, sospettato di cooperare con i servizi segreti britannici e collaborazionista nella Francia occupata, intimo dei gerarchi nazisti e autore di articoli specialistici sulla relazione razza/abilità scacchistiche. E, guarda caso, morto in circostante misteriose in un albergo di Estoril nel ’46 – sotto il regime di Salazar. Un protagonista che incarna le tensioni socio-politiche del ‘900, perfetto per esplorare i temi della colpa e dell’espiazione, della responsabilità e del libero arbitrio, del bene e del male, del compromesso, della convenienza e della necessità.

Con una prosa misurata, elegante e mitteleuropea (ricorda Zweig e Roth), Maurensig è in grado di creare un’atmosfera di mistero, di suggestioni e di grande raffinatezza, in bilico tra elemento “giallo” e valutazioni storico-filosofiche, riflessioni metanarrative e capacità di tenere avvinto il lettore. Sarà proprio l’elemento metanarrativo che consentirà all’autore implicito di formulare un’ipotesi per trovare il colpevole, mettendo in bocca a un personaggio frasi esplicite: “In un romanzo si possono affermare cose che in contesti diversi sarebbero proibite. E poi forse solo l’immaginazione ci permette di arrivare a certe verità nascoste. (...) Ma lei intende scrivere un romanzo, e questo le garantisce un certo privilegio.” E, una volta proposta una tesi affascinante ma alquanto incoerente, sarà lo stesso personaggio a esortare l’autore del meta-romanzo: “Immagini questo, a conclusione del suo romanzo”.

Decisamente teorie delle ombre. Per dirla con Marx e Engels, spettri che si aggirano per l’Europa del ‘900.
Profile Image for Steve.
113 reviews11 followers
September 3, 2018
A compelling look at the final days of Alexandre Alekhine. He was spending his time in exile in Estoril, Portugal, and was preliminarily preparing to defend his world champion chess crown against Mikhail Botvinnik in March 1946. Born in Russia in 1892, he left Russia for good in 1921 and was eventually granted French citizenship in 1927. Alekhine is generally regarded as one of the ten best chess players of all time. Alekhine was in Portugal since he was a persona non grata in Russia, was suspected of collaborating with the Nazis in France, and was unwelcome in England. Maurensig takes us through Alekhine’s memories, going back to his childhood and on up to present day. He does it through the various devices of dialogues with fellow travelers staying at the same hotel, internal monologues, and even dreams. There is one guest at the hotel who basically acts as society’s stand-in and belligerently and continuously grills Alekhine about his past associations with the Nazis and their support of him during much of WW II as well as his views about Jews. From that, we get many of the questions that society would like to put to Alekhine and how he may have answered those questions. So all of that was pretty good history. But the really big question, and the one that Maurensig himself wanted to definitively settle, was just how did Alekhine die. Was it suicide, or choking on a piece of meat, or murder? I don’t think that Maurensig would feel comfortable in saying that his speculation is beyond reproach, but he was able to get some first hand evidence to support it. A very worthwhile read for anyone, chess aficionado or not, both because of the history lesson as well as the mystery of this champion’s death.
Profile Image for K.
114 reviews1 follower
July 8, 2025
Maurensig puts a spin on one of the biggest chess mysteries using a frame story, embedding a pseudo-biographical account of alekhine under the guise an unnamed narrator seeking the truth about his death. honestly i’m not too sure what is true and what is not—all the references to the games are pretty legit, which i feel like is the easiest thing to make up—and in my opinion the only thing Maurensig has really drummed up is a veil of political tension, which was not super well rendered since it just came down to mysterious men in suits and creepy newspaper clippings and infodumping alekhine’s collaborative/bystanding position against nazi germany by way of monologue or interview or the occasional flashback, which is to say trite and not the most creative. the antithesis to that is the whiplash after setting up a realistic scene leading to his death and then using the frame to cook up such a devious alternative explanation: he was actually shot in the chest and then airdropped back to the motherland and embalmed as a relic for stalin? you know what, yeah, why the hell not. a little conspiracy never hurt anyone.

3.5/5 objectively rounded down but i’m adding a star bc it’s right up my alley (some would say rank, file, and diagonal)… another reader said “i like reading about chess but Maurensig is no grandmaster as a novelist” and i wish i had came up with something short and quippy like that to describe the experience, because that’s exactly how i feel.
Profile Image for Jim.
2,391 reviews785 followers
March 3, 2018
Paolo Maurensig's Theory of Shadows: A Novel is written in a genre that is relatively rare hese days, namely, a novel about chess. The book begins and ends with Maurensig attempting to deal with the mystery surrounding the death of Alexander Alekhine, world chess champion between 1927 and 1946 (except for the period 1935-1937, when Machgielis Euwe of the Netherlands held the title).

Born in Russia, Alekhine was more of a White Russian than a Bolshevik. During the Third Reich, he was suspiciously cozy with the Nazis, and was thought of as being an anti-Semite, though there is no hard data to that effect.

Maurensig's novel plays with the idea of Alekhine's feelings of guilt and insecurity, as he stayed at a hotel in Estoril, Portugal, waiting for a championship match to be set up by the world chess organization, FIDE, against Mikhail Botvinnik of the Soviet Union.

Years ago, I had read the author's other chess novel, The Luneburg Variation, which I had also liked moderately. I like reading about chess, but Maurensig is no grandmaster as a novelist.
409 reviews4 followers
February 18, 2018
A novel within a novel about a writer trying to determine why world chess champion Alexander Alekhine died under mysterious circumstances in his hotel room in Estoril, Portugal, on March 24, 1946. Hypotheses range from heart attack to choking on a piece of meat to murder at the hands of Soviet agents, but Maurensig’s novel does little to clarify the situation, leaving it all clouded in mystery. The central part of the novel instead focuses on Alekhine’s last days, his memories of his life, and accusations that he colluded with the Nazis during World War II. The prose in introspective and the plot involves several flashbacks, but for me, there was little real character development or little real insight into Alekhine’s understanding of chess. For readers interested in Alekhine or chess.
Profile Image for Elly Fox.
60 reviews5 followers
August 21, 2018
Ho letto questo libro perché nella seconda di copertina c'era scritto che si trattava di un romanzo sulla misteriosa morte di Alexandre Alekhine, campione del mondo di scacchi. In realtà però, la morte di Alekhine è trattata solamente nell'ultimo capitolo, che è anche il più interessante. Nel resto del volume viene descritta la permanenza dello scacchista a Estoril e la sua vita viene narrata attraverso numerosi flashback. I fatti raccontati non sono noiosi e durante il libro si sviscerano vari aspetti della personalità di Alekhine, ma la lettura non mi ha soddisfatta perché non era quello che mi aspettavo. Dalla trama riportata, infatti, sembra che il libro sia un giallo, invece bisogna aspettarsi una biografia sotto forma di romanzo.
Profile Image for Marco Camillieri.
113 reviews1 follower
May 4, 2023
Tuffandosi ancora una volta tra le pieghe di quello che Kasparov definì "lo sport più violento che esista", Maurensig mette a frutto le sue conoscenze e del materiale di ricerca per cimentarsi in una sorta di indagine tesa a spiegare la misteriosa morte di uno dei più grandi campioni di scacchi di tutti i tempi, Alexander Alekhine. Al carisma del personaggio - la cui biografia fornirebbe già di per sé materiale romanzato da leggere - si aggiunge il contesto storico del conflitto mondiale, con russi e tedeschi che si affrontano sul campo di battaglia come sulla scacchiera, e una piccola dose di fantasia necessaria a rintuzzare la tensione e, poi, chiudere il cerchio.
Non tra i migliori di Maurensig ma si legge con piacevolezza.
230 reviews2 followers
January 29, 2021
La teoria delle ombre - maurensig - 7.5 - come costruire un libro in modo perfetto, scrittura, trama ed unità di intenti. Dimentichiamoci luneburg, restano gli orrori del nazismo ed i fantasmi di un uomo genio degli scacchi ma alcolizzato calcolatore cinico senza patria o dio. Solo gli scacchi e l’alcol. Allora in una storia che sa come poche dei drammi dell’europa Di inizio secolo, pur senza raccontarli, si ricostituiscono gli ultimi giorni di alekhine, solo con i suoi rimorsi, demoni, fantasmi ed incubi. Scacco al re
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Marcello.
303 reviews10 followers
November 23, 2022
Il mistero della morte del campione del mondo di scacchi Alexandre Alekhine, già esule russo avversario della rivoluzione bolscevica e (riluttante?) collaborazionista sotto l'occupazione tedesca della Francia, continua ad incuriosire gli appassionati di scacchi e di gialli.

Il romanzo racconta, in parte ricostruendo e in parte immaginando, gli ultimi giorni di Alekhine nell'esilio (di fatto) di un Hotel sul mare di Estoril, inframmezando il "presente" di allora con i ricordi di momenti salienti della sua vita e della sua carriera.
Molto ben raccontato, si legge di un fiato.
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