This fast-paced and compelling read closes a significant gap in the historiography of the late Cold War U.S. Army and is crucial for understanding the current situation in the Middle East.
From the author's introduction:
“My purpose is a narrative history of the 1st Infantry Division from 1970 through the Operation Desert Storm celebration held 4th of July 1991. This story is an account of the revolutionary changes in the late Cold War. The Army that overran Saddam Hussein’s Legions in four days was the product of important changes stimulated both by social changes and institutional reform. The 1st Infantry Division reflected benefits of those changes, despite its low priority for troops and material. The Division was not an elite formation, but rather excelled in the context of the Army as an institution.”
This book begins with a preface by Gordon R. Sullivan, General, USA, Retired. In twelve chapters, author Gregory Fontenot explains the history of the 1st infantry Division from 1970 to 1991. In doing so, his fast-paced narrative includes elements to expand the knowledge of non-military readers. These elements include a glossary, a key to abbreviations, maps, nearly two dozen photographs, and thorough bibliography.
The First infantry Division and the U.S. Army Transformed: Road to Victory in Desert Storm is published with support from the First Division Museum at Cantigny.
I served with Greg during Desert Storm as an Infantry platoon sergeant, and like his exceptional leadership then, this book shines with the detail and professionalism he is known for. This book brought forth details of the division's history that I was not familiar with and broadened my understanding of the service provided by the entire division. This is not a dry historical reference book, but an exhilarating dip into the true history of the Big Red One after Vietnam through Desert Storm. Kudos Greg, well done.
The Gulf War of 1990-1991 is not a well-known conflict. After an initial burst of releases of books in the 1990s, the literature on the war dried up. The memory of the war faded too, overwritten by that of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in early 21st century. In 2016, the US Army decided that the 25th anniversary of the war would not be celebrated, much to the annoyance of the veterans.
In a nutshell, the war began when Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait. A coalition of Western and Arab countries led by the United States then deployed to Saudi Arabia and drove them out. The author, Colonel Gregory Fontenot, commanded the 2nd Battalion, 34th Armor Regiment, of the 1st Infantry Division, in the conflict, so he knows what he is talking about, and there is a great deal of first-hand knowledge. This has been supplemented by reports and interviews with other participants.
The conventional American narrative of the war starts with the wreck of the US Army returning from Vietnam, and how it was rebuilt, shook off the spectre of defeat, and went ahead to win the war in the Gulf. The book follows this narrative arc closely, and takes an overly long time over the two decades before the war. Once the war begins, the book moves somewhat faster. The fighting itself is confusing, taking place at night, largely in poor weather, and in a largely featureless desert. The book emphasises how GPS was still in its infancy, and how orders were transmitted by the old World War II-era manner, that is, on paper.
A strength of the book is in the unflinching manner that it deals with errors, particularly the way it handles the circumstances surrounding the relief of commanders, and the issue of fratricides. The 1st Infantry Division suffered far more casualties from its own weapons than from Iraqi ones. (The book also follows other American works in that it also makes frequent, tiresome and often wrong-headed references to Carl von Clausewitz.) For the historian there is an aspect of frustration in that many problems that plagued the US Army in Vietnam, and indeed in World War II, remained.
This book is a sold contribution to the literature on the subject.
Greg Fontenot took me back almost 30 years to my service as a platoon leader in A Company/9th Engineers during Desert Shield/Desert Storm. I had the honor of briefly serving under Greg before moving on to 4-37 Armor. This is a must read for anyone who served in The First Infantry Division in 1990-91.
This is an outstanding and informative description of how the Army improved from someone directly involved in it. I am very impressed with both the book and the author's leadership during Desert Storm.