As the Arab Spring has renewed Western interest in the political, as well as military, role of Arab armed forces, reform-rather than mere assistance-is crucial. In this monograph, the author focuses on the structural aspects of reform from which the Arab Spring forces would benefit. Seven features are identified which need to be addressed when attempting Arab military reform in the countries affected by large-scale unrest in 2011:*an unclear mandate,*over-politicization,*a challenging ongoing security situation,*limited resources,*lack of civilian oversight,*pockets of paramilitary activity, and, in parts, as well as*the lack of an institutional perception of reform need. Their origins are elaborated as much as recommendations for what outside assistance can achieve. This content may appeal to military defense analysts, contractors, political scientists, military historians, policymakers, and others interested in intergovernmental reform within the Arab states, predominantly in the Middle East and North Africa. Military science, political science, and cultural studies program students may benefit from this book that provides insights about Arab state reform with intervention from Western allies.