i thought i was going to enjoy this book, but unfortunately i don’t like or agree with a lot of it. overall, it’s very dry, academic, and long-winded. and while eisner wants this book to be taken to the streets, she provides very little on how people can turn the theories within this book into action.
i do, however, like the section criticizing the american institute of bisexuality (bi.org) for being biphobic, homophobic, and transphobic (they’re also openly panphobic), and the section that objectively looks at the binarism is bisexual communities without making the generalization that the bisexual community is binary (i’ve seen many people overcompensate for the binary misconception by outright denying the existence of binary definitions/discussions, past or present). and i like the chapter explaining the evolution of the term bisexual, as well as definitions, and i appreciated the long list of resources for further reading on bisexuality.
first, my two general issues.
adding bisexuality to problems instead of fixing them: eisner takes problematic understandings of sexuality, and instead of challenging them for being inherently flawed and offering alternatives, she just adds bisexuality to them. examples: instead of discussing why the gay/straight understanding of sexuality is inherently flawed and offering an alternative understanding that isn’t a binary and considers all sexualities, she just argues for a monosexual/bisexual binary. instead of discussing why assuming people are gay/straight is inherently flawed and urging people to not make invasive assumptions about strangers on mainly stereotypes, she just argues for also assuming bisexuality. instead of discussing why using gay/lesbian as an umbrella for bisexual is inherently flawed and suggesting clear inclusive language, she just argues for using monosexual for gay/lesbian/straight, as well as bisexual for all mspec sexualities. instead of throwing away inherently flawed concepts and starting fresh with things that actually fix what was wrong, she just slaps a bisexual band-aid on the problem and acts like it’s revolutionary.
hypocrisy: eisner is often hypocritical and spends a lot of time trying to justify it. she criticizes other people’s use of binary structures, yet proposes her own binary, and defends participating in binary structures by claiming she’s doing so to dismantle it. she criticizes bisexuality being subsumed into umbrella terms, yet proposes bisexuality as an umbrella term. she criticizes categorizing people based on sexual behavior instead of self-identification, yet does so with her use of “behaviorally bisexual”. she criticizes focusing more on the bisexual community being binary than the gay and lesbian communities, yet defends bisexual people focusing more on biphobia from gays and lesbians than straight people. she criticizes any suggestion of bisexual people being privileged, yet insists gays and lesbians hold the same or comparable privilege to heterosexuals. she criticizes bisexuals being grouped in with their oppressors, yet consistently groups gays and lesbians with heterosexuals. she criticizes people for upholding the gender binary, yet does so herself in only discussing bisexual men and women in any significant way, and defends not specifically addressing nonbinary people by claiming she’s including them through the lens of society that views them as either men or women.
now, my more specific issues.
let’s talk about monosexuality: i don’t think the term monosexual is inherently problematic. i think it’s a useful term. the way eisner uses it, however, is harmful. she seems to use it most often to mean heterosexual, and she repeatedly puts gays and lesbians on the same level of social standing and power as heterosexuals. the concept of “monosexual privilege” says that monosexuality is the privileged norm, but it’s not. heterosexuality is.
when discussing how ��male, white, cisgender, heterosexual, etc.” is the “singular standard” of male privilege, eisner says “racialized men, trans men, disabled men, bisexual men” deviate from that and are perceived as having “defective masculinity” and “reduced social value”. notice which sexually marginalized group was left out of that? gay men! apparently being gay doesn’t reduce a man’s perceived masculinity or social value, and isn’t a marginalized deviation from the privileged norm! /s
eisner argues that being gay is more accepted among men than being bisexual, because the response to a man coming out as gay is “begrudging acceptance”, but that men are “strictly forbidden to be bisexual”. now, everyone’s experience is different, but to make a blanket statement like this that erases decades and decades of violent hatred and abuse in response to not only men coming out as gay, but also to men who are even perceived as potentially being gay. you do not have to downplay the realities of gay men to highlight the realities of bisexual men. this is blatantly, wildly homophobic.
eisner criticizes trans people who say “lgb” when discussing community transphobia, because it’s erasure and creates a false equivalency among those identities. eisner explicitly refers to this as “throwing bisexuals in with oppressor groups”, which is blatantly referring to gays and lesbians as bisexual people’s oppressors and conflating the social standing and privilege of gays/lesbians to that of heterosexuals. both of which are false and homophobic.
eisner argues that lesbians who experience the same kind of sexual violence as bisexual women are actually experiencing misdirected biphobia, not lesbophobia. she originally states that no one is ever presumed to be bisexual, but here she argues when these lesbians experience sexual violence or harassment, it’s because they're being perceived as bisexual and therefor available to men. this is denying lesbians their own oppression. predatory men think they’re entitled to lesbians due to the entitlement they feel to women in general, and lesbophobic ideas that lesbians just haven’t found the right man or a woman couldn't possibly not be interested in men. to claim that this is really just men thinking lesbians are bisexual and available to them because of the biphobic notion that bisexual women exist for the pleasure of men is a series of naïve assumptions, leaps in logic, and plain old lesbophobia.
i don’t care for the use of the term “homonormativity” which is defined in the book as “the acceptance of heteronormative values by gay people and movements”. why not just say assimilationism, then? that’s what she’s talking about, but she’s using a term mirroring the harmful, oppressive “heteronormative” making it seem like, once again, gay people are oppressors or gayness is the accepted standard. and when discussing assimilationism and participating in problematic institutions (military, and in her eyes, marriage) the target of her disappointment and criticism is gay people. it’s clear who she thinks is inherently (more likely to be) progressive and who are inherently (more likely to be) regressive.
the chapter on bisexual men: overall, eisner spends this chapter criticizing specific bisexual men and their work and using those specific examples to generalize all bisexual men in order to condescend to them about what they should be doing instead (which erases the bisexual men who are already doing those things). compared to the chapter on bisexual women, which is entirely about how bisexual women are oppressed and how they can take back their power, using the chapter on bisexual men to detail how oppressive and regressive and privileged they are seems unfair. eisner even has the nerve to suggest better ways for bisexual men to discuss their own lived experiences, and accuse bisexual men who are bothered by their lack of visibility and presence in the bisexual community of wanting to uphold the patriarchy, caring more about making bisexual women invisible than making bisexual men visible, and treating bisexual women as their oppressors/a scapegoat for their invisibility.
eisner justifies saying these things and making these condescending criticisms by saying she isn’t in a position of privilege over these bisexual men, and therefor cannot oppress them, and that it is not biphobic because she’s not speaking over or for them, she’s just offering criticism which should be allowed. but. she doesn’t need to be able to oppress bisexual men in order to hold and express biphobic beliefs about them. instead of actually examining the biphobia bisexual men experience, she contributes to it.
eisner acknowledges the “relatively low numbers” of bisexual men in the bisexual movement, but maintains that they dominate it. she also boldly claims that the mainstream bisexual movement being “dominated by white, native/citizen, college/university-educated, cisgender, monogamous, middle- and upper-class, nondisabled bisexual women” is a “positive fact”. (note: her acknowledging the movement is dominated by women is in direct conflict with her claiming the low numbers of bisexual men doesn’t stop them from dominating the movement.) to have the nerve to claim the erasure of bisexual men from their own community and movement is a good thing, while there are bisexual men creating campaigns about how they do in fact exist because they’re still erased and underrepresented almost a decade after this book was published, is such shallow “feminism”.
eisner also makes a lot of questionable generalizations about trans men based on nothing but personal experiences. it should go without saying, your personal experiences cannot be used to make generalizations. example of this are claiming trans men “enjoy benefits” (which seems like a workaround to calling them privileged. also, “benefits” trans people receive contingent on passing as cis are not benefits at all.), claiming trans men's issues are “considered more important than other groups’ (for example, trans women)”, and claiming the transgender movement is “controlled by trans men”. eisner then boldly suggests trans men should subvert “dominant masculinity” instead of trying to fit into it, as if trans men aren’t already doing that.
your umbrella has holes in it: eisner is likely responsible for the popularization of the “bisexual umbrella”. in my research, her blog post with the graphic that’s included in this book was really the first time that exact phrase shows up, even though the concept of it has always existed. i personally don’t care for the bisexual umbrella, especially when people use it like eisner does.
eisner argues that anyone who considers themselves part of the bisexual community/movement through the umbrella, “identifies” under it, but that is not always the case. utilizing an umbrella term that we had zero role in putting forth does not mean we identify with the term. it means we’re accepting that form of community and inclusion because the alternative means having nothing. which is shown in eisner saying she includes in her use of the bisexual umbrella only those want to be included, because she uses bisexual in very general ways that apply to all mspec people (such as using biphobia and monosexism interchangeably, when the former is specific form of the latter), therefore she’s either actually calling us all a term we didn’t choose for ourselves, or she’s excluding us from things that concern us. people argue that there isn’t a better term to use, but there is. plurisexual, multisexual, mspec, nonmonosexual. just to name a few. the choice to instead use bisexual is very calculated and at odds with how a lot of people who are supposedly being included actually feel.
eisner points out that using gender inclusive language while only talking about men and women is still cissexist, which is true, but the parallel here to how the bisexual umbrella is mostly used is too obvious to not address. the majority of the use of the bisexual umbrella is for show, because the actual content produced by the people using it is bisexual specific. you can say “bisexual umbrella” or “bi+” all you want, but if you’re not actively speaking about and including other mspec people explicitly, then it means nothing.
eisner states that “bisexual invisibility” is “one of the most important texts to have ever been published about bisexuals”. not only does that report cite one of her blog posts, it also notes that some people think pansexual and omnisexual “reinforce a stereotype of promiscuity” (without bothering to challenge it), says people call themselves pansexual or fluid because they think bisexual is binary, and says terms like pansexual and omnisexual should be “avoided” unless specifically quoting someone who identifies as them. that report, ironically, uses bisexual as an umbrella term and it’s barely noted as doing such, and everyone, including eisner, only notes the findings as being about bisexuals. this is the cost of the bisexual umbrella; subsuming a broad spectrum of identities and experiences into one, which erases the identities being subsumed and misrepresents the identity they’re being subsumed into.
panphobia: despite early on in the book acknowledging that bisexuality does have a history of being defined and discussed in binary terms, eisner states that those who subscribe to the belief that bisexuality only acknowledges two binary genders “usually suggest the use of alternative identity categories that convey attraction to more than two genders, such as pansexual, omnisexual, polysexual, queer, etc.” and even though she supports those identities and finds them helpful and positive, the implication here is that there is a direct link between these identities and thinking bisexuality is binary.
i’m tired of mspec people, most often pansexuals, being scapegoated for generalizations about bisexuality that have existed long before these identities gained even close to the kind of visibility substantial enough to create widespread misconceptions about a much more known/visible sexuality, and as eisner stated, partially come from a real issue of binarism in bisexual spaces. i don’t deny that some people with these identities perpetuate this misconception, but it did not originate among them, nor is it inherent to those identities. mainstream society is largely to blame for this widespread misconception, as they actually have the reach and influence to cause substantial damage, unlike a small, marginalized portion of the bisexual community.
eisner mentions a trans party she attended where the host said pansexuality is “cooler” than bisexuality and it’s interesting that this example of trans people being biphobic is one of the very few mentions of pansexuality. as well as claims that pansexuality and omnisexuality are identities that “hold more currency within radical queer communities and politics” than bisexuality...........where?
lastly, other random issues:
eisner mentions, quotes, and draws from the work of adrienne rich, specifically “compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence”, with zero note of rich being a terf, as well as a friend to janice g. raymond, the author of the transsexual empire: the making of the she-male, which rich edited/consulted on. this alone is questionable at best. but when quoting/discussing “compulsory bisexuality? the challenges of modern sexual fluidity”, eisner notes that it is “otherwise highly problematic for its treatment of bisexuality”. when quoting look both ways: bisexual politics, she notes the book is “otherwise problematic”. when discussing “gay, straight, or lying?”, she notes for “further context and history of the researcher” that j. michael bailey is also homophobic, transphobic, and supports eugenics. these people and their work are noted as being problematic in some way, yet rich’s work is drawn on multiple times without a word.
eisner comes off a bit anti-marriage, which isn’t uncommon among the more radical queers; the institution of marriage is argued to be part of the problem and queer people should be dismantling it, instead of fighting to be a part of it, and those who do want to be a part of it are sneered at. i think this is incredibly unfair and misplaced anger. queer people are allowed to want to marry their partners, they’re allowed to want marriage and kids and a peaceful, quiet, “normal” life. queer people aren’t bad or less than for wanting those things. i agree with the criticism of queer people fighting to be included in the military, but comparing that to marriage, even with the legitimate criticisms of the institution of marriage, is where you lose me. there is also something to say about queer people who want no part in activism, but will gladly reap the benefits of activism, but i don’t think queer people who just want to live their lives are the enemy.
eisner frames a lot of things as being unique to bisexuality that in reality are not. such as passing, high rates of victimization, prejudice from in and out of the community, being presumed to be other than what they are, etc. she notes that other queer people experience these things, yet the conclusion throughout the book is “this experience places bisexuality at a unique point”.
the monosexual privilege checklist (which is very flawed) frames the things on it as being uniquely done to bisexual people by monosexual people, but i’ve personally experienced a handful of those things as a pansexual person by bisexual people. having my sexuality renamed and described in different terms than what i choose for myself and having my representation not named as such by media/reviewers/audience being two examples.
there are plenty of reviews that touch on topics i didn’t (because i’m too tired lmao), if you’re interested.