Mostafa Chamran Savei (8 March 1932 – 20 June 1981) was an Iranian scientist who served as first defence minister of post-revolutionary Iran and as member of parliament, as well as commander of paramilitary volunteers in Iran–Iraq War. He was killed during the war. He helped found the Amal Movement in southern Lebanon.
Early life and education:
Chamran was born into a religious family on 8 March 1932 in Tehran. Earlier he was educated by Ayatollah Taleqani and Morteza Motahari. He studied at Alborz High School and then graduated from Tehran University with a bachelor's degree in electro mechanics. In the late 1950s, he moved to the United States for higher education, obtaining a M.S. degree from the Texas A&M University. He then went on to obtain his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and plasma physics in 1963 from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as a senior research staff scientist at Bell Laboratories and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1960s. He was fluent in Persian, English, Arabic, French, and German.
Career and activities:
Chamran was one of the senior members of the Freedom Movement led by Mehdi Bazargan in the 1960s. He was part of the radical external wing together with Ebrahim Yazdi, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh and Ali Shariati. Following graduation, Chamran went to Cuba to receive military training. In December 1963, he along with Ghotbzadeh and Yazdi left the US for Egypt where he was trained in guerilla warfare. They met the Egyptian authorities to establish an anti-Shah organization in the country, which was later called SAMA, special organization for unity and action. Chamran was chosen as its military head. Upon his return to the US in 1965 he founded a group, Red Shiism, in San Jose with the aim of training militants. His brother, Mehdi, was also part of the group. In 1968, he founded another group, the Muslim Students’ Association of America (MSA), and it was led by Ebrahim Yazdi. The group managed to establish branches in the United Kingdom and France. In 1971 Chamran left the US for Lebanon and joined the camps of the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Amal movement.[8] He became a leading and founding member of the Islamic revolutionary movement in the Middle East, organizing and training guerrillas and revolutionary forces in Algeria, Egypt, Syria. During the civil war in Lebanon he actively cooperated with Musa Al Sadr, founder of the Amal movement. Chamran also became an Amal member and "right-hand man of Sadr". Chamran along with Sadegh Ghotbzadeh was part of the faction, called "Syrian mafia", in the court of Khomeini, and there was a feud between his group and the Libya-friendly group, led by Mohammad Montazeri. With the Islamic Revolution taking place in Iran, Chamran returned to Iran. In 1979, he served as deputy prime minister in the cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan. He was appointed commander of Iran's Pasdaran (March 1979 – 1981) and led the military operations in Kurdistan where Kurds rebelled against the Islamic regime. He served as minister of defense from September 1979 to 1980, being the first civil defense minister of the Islamic Republic. In March 1980, he was elected to the Majlis of Iran (the Iranian Parliament) as a representative of Tehran. In May 1980, he was named the Ayatollah's representative to the Supreme Council of National Defense
کتاب با کلمه "سوسنگرد" آغاز می شود. نام شهری که در ذهنم با نام دکتر مصطفی چمران گره خورده است. آنچه در کتاب است، نگارش و توصیف یک نیمروز از صبح 26 آبان 1359 تا نزدیکی ظهر همان روز است که شهید چمران به درخواست و اصرار دوستان به رشته تحریر در آورده است.
نیایش ابتدایی کتاب به قلم شهید بزرگوار چمران، راز و نیازی عاشقانه با معبود است: "آرزو دارم که بر خاک داغ خوزستان در خون خود بغلطم و به یاد عاشورای حسین علیه السلام خود را مقدم مقدسش بیافکنم و این عقده 1400 ساله را که بر دلم فشار می آورد، برآورده کنم"
"ستوان فرجی و ستوان اخوان را به یاد می آورم که با بدن مجروح، با آن روحیه قوی از پشت تلفن با من صحبت می کردند، در حالیکه سه روز بود که غذا نخورده بودند، حاضر نشده بودند بدون اجازه رسمی حاکم شرع، دکانی یا خانه ای را باز کنند"
"شب تاسوعا بود و به استقبال عاشورا لحظه شماری می کردم، کربلا در نظرم مجسم می شد و می دیدم که چگونه اصحاب حسین علیه السلام یک تنه به صفوف دشمن حمله می کردند و با چه شجاعتی می جنگیدند و با چه عشقی به خاک شهادت در می غلتیدند"
قلم شهید چمران به حقیقت عالم وصل است. احساس میکنی میفهمی که نگاشتههای یک عارف را می خوانی که طعم حرفهایش را چشیده است. مخصوصا که بعضی از نوشته ها موقعیتهای خاص داشته است و این را میتوان از توضیحات کوتاه ابتدا متنها فهمید که توسط گردآورنده یعنی مهدی چمران آورده شده است.این توضیحها راهگشا است برای درک متن. وقتی شهید چمران را مینگرم با خود میگویم اینها افسانه نیست، بوده اند، در همین خاک و در همین زمین زیستهاند. و چقدر آدمی دلش می خواهد به آن تاریخ برود تنها برای هم صحبتی با چنین آدمهايي. تنها برای آنکه در هوای آنها نفس بکشد.
واقعا زمانه آنها چه زمانهای بود؟ چه درکی از عالم و هستی و از دین داشته اند که اینگونه زیستهاند و اینگونه رفتهاند؟!
این کتابیست هر چند کوچک اما پراز درس برای من خواننده کمترین تملق وخودبزرگ بینی در این کتاب نمی بینید بیشتر از اینکه درباره جنگ و مجروح شدن بگوید خدای خود را ستایش میکند وشما بیشتر از این که در جنگ گم شود در اخلاص این مرد بزرگ گم خواهید شد