Few settings in literature are as widely known or celebrated as J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth. The natural landscape plays a major role in nearly all of Tolkien's major works, and readers have come to view the geography of this fictional universe as integral to understanding and enjoying Tolkien's works. And in laying out this continent, Tolkien paid special attention to its plant life; in total, over 160 plants are explicitly mentioned and described as a part of Middle-Earth. Nearly all of these plants are real species, and many of the fictional plants are based on scientifically grounded botanic principles.In Flora of Middle Plants of Tolkien's Legendarium, botanist Walter Judd gives a detailed species account of every plant found in Tolkien's universe, complete with the etymology of the plant's name, a discussion of its significance within Tolkien's work, a description of the plant's distribution and ecology, and an original hand-drawn illustration by artist Graham Judd in the style of a woodcut print. Among the over three-thousand vascular plants Tolkien would have seen in the British Isles, the authors show why Tolkien may have selected certain plants for inclusion in his universe over others, in terms of their botanic properties and traditional uses. The clear, comprehensive alphabetical listing of each species, along with the visual identification key of the plant drawings, adds to the reader's understanding and appreciation of the Tolkien canon.
This book makes a very nice addition to the library of those who find Middle-earth compelling. It will be an especially welcome reference for those of us who lack an extensive knowledge of the flora of the world in which we live. The entries are informative, both for Tolkien's Middle-earth and our own, and are well illustrated with images by Graham A. Judd in the style of woodcuts. The author also refers, a good touch this, to Tolkien's own illustrations of the flora, Old Man Willow, for example, which appear in J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator. References to the scenes in The Lord of the Rings in which the various plants appear or play a role are copious and detailed. There is even a section on hobbit names, so many of which, both first and last, spring from the names of flowers. So far so good. Yet the lack of a separate entry on Ents and Entwives might frustrate some, Yavanna not least, though it would not surprise her. One inexplicable blemish, however, needs to be pointed out. Athelas, or Kingsfoil, arguably most important plant to the plot of The Lord of the Rings is everywhere misspelled athelias.
This is, perhaps, the geekiest book I have ever read. That's a pretty high bar, in my case. It has science, Tolkien's Middle-Earth, including the Silmarillion, and a lot of specialized vocabulary. It has diagrams of the different parts of plants and what they are called, which I bookmarked so I could refer back to it. It has woodcut-style illustrations for over 100 plants, showing what leaf and flower and root look like, in case all that new lingo does not immediately take hold in your vocabulary. It was fantastic (pun intended).
It also turned out to be more than just an excuse to get a Tolkien nerd to read a book about plants (although it was that). I had known that JRRT did some meticulous world-building which he could not have had any reason to think anyone else cared about, but it had not occurred to me that his botany was part of that. If he tells you the plants in the Fire Glade in the Old Forest, or in areas that the orcs of Mordor have been to recently, he lists plants which are commonly found in disturbed areas. If he tells you the plants in Gondor or Ithilien, he lists plants from Mediterranean environments, whereas the ones listed in the Shire are northern European. If he tells you the plants of the Gladden Fields, or the Midgewater Marshes, or the Dead Marshes, he tells you plants found in wetlands. In both First Age and Third Age storytelling, he uses the (many, many) references to what plants are growing to help describe what kind of place it was.
I, of course, noticed none of this when I read his books as a youngster. As a father to a young child, I was appalled at how seldom I was able to tell my daughter what plant she was looking at, until eventually she learned to stop asking because I was clearly useless for that kind of question. I am getting a little better, now, thanks to the smartphone app which allows me to ask questions of botanists in Brno, Czechia, so I know my wild lettuce from my dandelion, and my henbit deadnettle from my wild poinsettia (although wild carrot vs. hedge parsley is still a challenge). But clearly, in a pre-smartphone era, JRRT had been thinking a lot about plants and where they lived, and who they lived alongside.
I am probably from the first generation in human history, that does not for the most part know what it is looking at when it looks at a plant. When Sam and Frodo get to Ithilien, JRRT mentions that they see many plants that they do not know the names of, as if this is a strange thing. I have been going around like that all my life.
So far. Thanks to this book, and a few other resources, perhaps I can do better if I ever have grandkids asking me the same question. In the meantime, it was a great way to revisit a lot of Middle-Earth, and see it with sharper eyes.
So back in 2015, I wrote a story about trees, and someone told me "you can't have apple trees in this story; it's near the ocean". Three years of research later I'm still obsessed with the climate zones, biomes, and geology of fantasy maps. (See this article for the kind of nerd rage such an interest leads to: https://www.tor.com/2017/10/10/tolkie...). Early this February, I decided it might be cool to start making field journal-like illustrations of the fictional plants of various fantasy serieses (Pottermore's done a bit of this already, but not as thoroughly as my intention was). So I started googling to research LotR, thinking to make it my first project.
What I am telling you is that God ordained me to read this book.
Judd is responsible and as nonspeculative as possible with his research (I would have loved for him to dive into some creating some fanon for flora which is mentioned too briefly to connect it to a real-world descendent), taking an assumed climate zone based on known flora and positing the details of fantastic flora based on this and what descriptions can be found across Tolkien's (and, selectively, Christopher Tolkien's) writing. It's thorough, interesting, and useful to any nerd who's kind of into the idea of making up their own fantasy map complete with consistent life zones.
I do admit to not reading this book straight through, but in a more encyclopedic format, skipping around from entry to entry as interest led me, and because of that manner of reading, I think it's important to note something which may be a sign of other errors (?). For some reason Judd thinks Kingsfoil's Elven name is Athelias (not Athelas). I can find no cause for this spelling. All other canon information included was correct with my own research into this subject, so I am not sure if this was a publisher error or if I'm just missing some vital information, but don't let seeing that discrepancy deter you, as all other content is as thorough and nerdy as you might hope.
This book seemed so promising! I was grievously disappointed. :( It *should* be a beautiful and valuable resource; the product of a partnership between father and son, one a botanist and one an artist, the book gives an account of every plant mentioned in Tolkien's world. And parts of it are beautiful; the illustrations are obviously lovingly done by someone with great talent.
The rest of it is a bit of a mess, though. From a Tolkien-lover's perspective, the book is only moderately useful because it's riddled with errors. "Athelas" is always misspelled as "Athelias." The entry for the ash tree mistakenly says that the word for ash tree in Sindarin is lith. Lith does mean ash--but it means ash as in fire remains, not the tree. In English the words just happen to be homographs, but that is definitely not the case with Sindarin. The entry for ivy mentions that Frodo (not Bilbo) climbed a tree to see black butterflies. Morwen is misspelled Morwin. The first 4-5 chapters could've easily been removed without losing a single thing, especially chapter 3, which had exactly nothing to do with Tolkien and was dry as toast.
From a plant-lover's perspective, the illustrations (while pretty) are essentially useless for identifying specific plants. The black and white, stylized design is vague enough that you'd have no hope of figuring out what some of these plants are in the wild. The descriptions of economic uses for plants was incomplete for several entries. I found numerous typos, which always makes me question the accuracy of the rest of the text. The entry on pipeweed has the hilarious "and thus could thus represent an Old World name" typo in it.
has a book ever even existed with a more Elsish concept? I think not. Watch me spend all my grocery money on it at my local independent bookstore next time I drop by.
Fabulous book! The author starts with a refresher course in basic botany, then does a plant-by-plant description of all the plants that are mentioned by Tolkien in the Hobbit, LOTR, and the Silmarillion. Author Judd is specific about not including all the volumes of HoME and other writings, but he does mention some plants that occur in writings other than those primaries.
This is a botanical book - with botanical descriptions of the plants. The citations from Tolkien's work highlight where the plants were mentioned, and the author also includes where the plants grow in our world, and their uses and the etymology of their botanical names. For plants that Tolkien made up (like mallorn, elanor), or wasn't too specific about (like nessamalda), Judd provides a best-guess correspondence to plant families of the real world.
Closing chapters include groups of plants - the plants of Ithilien, food plants, and hobbit names based on plants. If you are a gardener, or a botanical enthusiast of some sort, and a Tolkien fan, you will enjoy this book a lot. I certainly did.
Amazingly and lovingly researched! This book reminds us of the mystery and beauty of our own world using the backdrop of a fictional one, just as Tolkien himself did in his writings. I need to reread LotR to absorb the love and connection of landscape and the wilderness!
I want to steal this methodology and use it on like a million projects. The depth of research is staggering. Mostly I was moved by this book as a labor of love. This kind of project has to be the reason human beings are here—to love a certain something this deeply and then painstakingly document it and share it, accessibly and joyously, with the world. And the Judds LOVE Tolkien and botany!!
Also a great resource for writers—over a hundred plants and trees described in terms of etymology, appearance, economic uses, you name it, all this on top of contextualization in Tolkien’s universe more broadly (Tolkien being hyper-aware of botanical lore biblically and classically and all over mythologically). You’ll be penciling stars next to phrases and insights and thinking about how to use these bombass trees to give mood and depth to your own work. Also, stunning woodcut-style illustrations.
I cannot overemphasize what a pleasure it was to read this book.
more a ref book than anything. well researched as far as middle earth-specific plants and what writings they appear in, but convoluted as it also includes passages about carrots and other vegetation that the characters only eat.
Any fan of J.R.R.Tolkien knows that the man was a genius, and I think even that term does not do him justice. In addition to creating a whole world (Middle-earth), he also created a language, and comprehensive (yet sadly unfinished) history of this world. What people (myself included) might not know about Tolkien is that he loved plants. He even wrote in one of his letters, "I am (obviously) much in love with plants and above all trees, and always have been; and I find human maltreatment of them as hard to bear as some find ill-treatment of animals." Reading this statement and just merely thinking about some of the passages of Lord of the Rings, it is clear to see all the plant life or flora in his works. There's Kingsfoil, pipe-weed, the white trees of Gondor, and of course who could forget Treebeard and the other Ents? In a recently published book, Flora of Middle Earth, father-son duo Walter S. Judd and Graham A. Judd set out explore and explain this interesting subject. The book is approximately 400 pages long and is divided into the following chapters:
1. Introduction: The Importance of Plants in J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium 2. Plant Communities of Middle-earth 3. The Diversity of Life, with a Focus on the Green Plants 4. Introduction to Plant Morphology: Learning the Language of Plant Descriptions 5. Identification of the Plants of Middle-earth 6. Telperion and Laurelin: The Two Trees of Valinor 7. The Plants of Middle Earth 8. A Note from the Illustrator
The opening chapters provide a brief lesson on the different climate zones in Middle-earth, what exactly is a plant, what are the parts of a plant, and a key to identifying the plants of Middle-earth. This is a lot of science and botany and might bog the average reader down if they don't share as great a love for plants as the authors and Tolkien. Chapter Six is a brief but amazingly interesting chapter to read as the Two Trees of Valinor are central to the mythology of Middle-earth. They are the origin of the Sun, the Moon, great Elvish wisdom, and the white trees of Gondor. Sadly, they were destroyed by Morgoth and Ungoliant. The meat (or I guess in tree terminology, sapwood) of this book is Chapter Seven. Within this massive chapter are roughly 100 different types of plants from Middle-earth, including unidentified plants, which are plants that are merely named in in the Legendarium but little or no other information is known about them. Each identified plant is given its own subsection in the chapter and contains the following information about each plant: an excerpt from Tolkien's works, etymology, distribution and ecology, economic uses, and description. Some plants have figures/illustrations associated with each, but not all of them.
This was a truly fascinating work to read. It opened my eyes to a love of Tolkien's that I didn't even know existed within him. This is also a very dense work to read as well. Unless you truly love plants, you are not going to breeze their every page and find yourself bogged down with facts and details sometimes. What I loved best about this book is some of the sections that blew my mind on their significance in Middle-earth, and I immediately went back and read them. This is a book I see myself visiting each time I read Tolkien, so that I can better understand a botanical layer of his work that until now I didn't even know was present!
This book was provided to me for free by Oxford University Press in exchange for an honest review.
Why five stars? This is, in my opinion, the best book it could possibly be. That is, I can't imagine any ever writing a better version of what this is. It's coverage of Tolkien's core legendarium is encyclopedic, (by "core", I mean it covers his major works but not most of the supplemental Chris Tolkien-edited stuff) at the same time that it's coverage of plant life is as in-depth as any "normal"botany book I've ever seen.
Actually, that's basically what this is - take an extraordinarily detailed and well-researched botanical field guide, and match it with an extremely detailed list of plants that Tolkien mentions.
The botanical information is almost all about the real-world plants; as the authors point out, surprisingly, Tolkien invented very few plant species and mostly used ones he knew from the real world. But when a fictional species is covered, they go to great pains to try and determine the closest real-world species to it, and illustrate it as best they can.
A tremendous volume of work by two very talented and knowledgeable people went in to this book, and it shows. In spades.
This father-son project turns the Venn diagram of my interests in biology and fantastic fiction into a circle, and quite in-depth in both areas. I posted to instagram a month ago some of the early chapters explaining phylogenetics and botanical anatomy- things that would not be out of place in an undergraduate course...! Meanwhile, the entries themselves mention places where a plant is seen in the works of Middle Earth, including Unfinished Tales, Children of Hurin, and some of the poetry or even in the illustrations by Alan Lee and others (citations are included but the authors do note page numbers are specific to particular editions which are noted in the bibliography). The illustrations are done in a wood-cut style, adding to the feel of an old compendium.
Would highly recommend for the nerdy botanist in your life.
There’s no denying that this is a very niche book, and the type of people likely to pick it up, those who love Middle Earth so deeply that they wish to know its every nook and cranny, are going to enjoy any text that delves in such scholarly detail into a specific part of the legendarium.
I am one of those people.
This reads exactly like a textbook, and as a result, I have been dipping in and out of it since it was published, learning more not only about the flora of Middle Earth, but also plants in general, so thorough were the introductory chapters and identification guides. References from all of Tolkien’s published texts on each tree/plant were carefully examined, set alongside wonderful illustrations. An excellent addition to any Tolkien collection.
I'm going to DNF. Not quite what I expected, and too botany-oriented for me. It's a long while since I took botany, and I guess this is my fault, as I wanted something more easily readable for a fantasy fan and less hard science-y for a nerd. The idea of the book intrigued me, but I found the illustrations less helpful and rather less "art" than I hoped. Woodcuts are all very well, but these, at least in repro, are difficult to decipher and see details. Alas, for this reader, the cover is the best part. (And no, despite GR awkward assigning this as Kindle ed, I read the hardback, so the illustrations were as good as they were going to get.)
A book to dip into from time to time if you're curious about the plants in Tolkien's legendarium. For the most part, I liked the woodcut illustrations, but there were a few - the little story vignettes that were included with a woodcut of a plant - that I had a hard time making out exactly what it was. Besides the spelling of 'athelas' into 'athelias', there was one glaring error: Under the IVY (HEDERA HELIX, AND RELATIVES) section, The author had Frodo climbing a tall oak and viewing hundreds of black butterflies when it should have been Bilbo.
When I saw this on the library shelf I knew I had to have a look. It is a book with a very particular, very devout niche: the botany obsessed Tolkein super-fan. Not many might have the patience to slog it through a reference book for a fantasy world with such a pristine way of laying out information (I certainly didn't!), but those who do should be happily satiated by the depth and breadth of material here. Best in my mind for skims and dips, then returning to the sheft.
A book for the dedicated Tolkien fan, Flora of Middle-Earth is a tastefully illustrated and botanically sound account that shows the importance of plants in his stories. See my full review at https://inquisitivebiologist.com/2019...
An incredible book, in which I learned about MiddleEarth and the Plants all around us! For a more in-depth review, see my book review here: https://norfolknaturalist.ca/2019/12/...